MARKING SCHEME

1. The diagram below shows a set up of apparatus used to prepare oxygen gas and pass it
over burning candle. The experiment was allowed to run for several minutes.

i. Identify liquid M. (1mk)

water

ii. Write an equation for the reaction that forms oxygen gas in the set up. (1mk)
2Na2O2 (s) + 2H2O(l) = 4NaOH(aq) + O2 (g)

iii. Drops of methyl orange indicator was added to solution formed in flask II . State
and explain the observations made. (2mks)
It turns pink. Carbon iv oxide formed dissolves in water to form a weak
carbonic acid

2. The apparatus below was used to separate a mixture of liquid A and B.

a. State two properties of the liquids that make it possible to separate them are
using such apparatus. (2 marks)
Are immiscible
Have different densities

3. Solid sodium carbonate was added to a solution of Aluminium chloride in a test

tube.State and explain the observations made. (2mk)
efffervescence occurs and a colourless gas produced. Aluminium chloride is hydrolyzed
 in water to form an acidic solution that react with the carbonate releasing carbon iv
oxide

4. The table below shows some elements in the periodic table. Use it to answer the
questions that follow. The letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.

a.

i. Show the electron arrangement of :

G -2,8,2……………………………………… (1mk)
Ion of D 2,8,8………………………………………. (1mk)

ii. Write the formula of the compound formed between the elements G and
D . (1mk)
GD2

b. Show on the grid above an element Y which forms an oxide with the formular
Y2O3 belonging to Period 2. (1mk)

c. Compare the following with explanations:

i. The reactivity of A and C (2mks)

C is more reactive than A. C has a larger radius than A hence outermost
electrons less attracted hence easily lost than A

ii. Atomic radii of elements A and E (2mks)

E has smaller radius than A. E has a higher nuclear charge than A hence
its outermost energy level more attracted than that of A

iii. Ionization energies of elements A and C. (2mks)

A has higher ionization energy thsn C. A has smaller radius than C hence
outermost electrons closer to the nucleus hence strongly attracted
requiring more energy to remove

iv. write an equation to show the effect of heat on

I. nitrate of C (1mk)
2CNO3 (s) = 2 CNO2 (s) + O2 (g)
 II. hydrogen carbonate of G (1mk)
G(HCO3 )2 (s) = GCO3 (s) + H2O(l) +CO2 (g)

v. what name is given to the group of elements to which element G belong

(1mk)
alkaline earth metals

5. Name the process which takes place when

i. Iodine changes directly from solid to gas (1mark)

sublimation

ii. Water changes to water vapour (steam) (1mark)

evaporation

iii. Ability of a metal to be drawn into thin wires (1mk)

ductility

6. The table below gives atomic numbers of elements represented by the letters A, B, C and
D.

Element A B C D

Atomic number 15 16 17 20

7.
Use the information to answer the questions that follow.

a. Name the type of bonding that exists in the compound formed when A and D
react. (1mk)
Ionic bond

b. Select the letter which represents the most reactive non metal.
Give a reason for your answer. (1mk)
C - easily gains electrons

c. Give a reason why phosphorous is stored under water. (1mk

to prevent it from being oxidized by air
8. Study the set up below and answer the questions that follow.

a. Identify gas M. (1mark)

hydrogen

b. Write an equation of the reaction that takes place in the combustion tube.
(1marks)
Mg(s) + H2O (g) = MgO (s) + H2 (g)

9. In the industrial preparation of oxygen, state:

a. How dust particles are removed from air. (1mk)

By passing through filters/electrostatic precipitators

b. Why carbon (IV) oxide is removed before the mixture is cooled to – 25°C (1mk)
Carbon (IV) oxide would otherwise solidify and block the pipes

10. Describe how a sample of pure sodium chloride can be obtained from a mixture of
iodine,sodium chloride and sand. (3mks)
Heat the mixture in an evaporating dish for iodine to sublime. Add enough water to the
remaining mixture to dissolve sodium chloride, stir, filter and heat the filtrate to dryness

11. The set up below was used to prepare dry hydrogen gas. Study it and answer the
questions that follow.

i. Identify a mistake in the set up (1mk)

hydrogen corrected by downward delivery

ii. Write an equation for the reaction for the reaction that produces hydrogen gas
(1mk)
Zn (s) + 2HCl(aq) = ZnCl2 (aq) +H2 (g)

iii. State one use of liquid Y (1mk)

Conc sulphuric vi acid
12. An element E has relative atomic mass of 69.39. Given that the element has two
isotopes of atomic masses 60.15 and 70.15, calculate the relative abundance of each of
the isotopes. (3mks)
Let the relative abundance of E – 70.15 be y, then the relative abundance of E – 60.15 is
(100 –y)

∴ 70.15xy + 60.15(100 – y) = 69.39 1mk

100
70.15y + 6015 – 60.15y = 6939 ½ mk
70.15y – 60.15y = 6939 – 6015
10y = 924
y = 924 ½mk
10

∴ Realative abundance of E – 70.15 is 92.4%

y = 92.4 ½mk

and relative abundance of E – 60.15 is 7.6% ½mk

13. Describe how a solid sample of Lead(II) Chloride can be prepared using the following
reagents:Dilute Nitric Acid, Dilute Hydrochloric Acid and Lead Carbonate.
react excess( ½ mk) Lead carbonate in dilute Nitric acid . filter(½ mk) to obtain filtrate.
React the filtrate with dilute Hydrochloric acid ( ½mk ); Filter (½ mk); to get Lead (II)
Chloride as residue (½ mk). Wash residue with distilled water. (½ mk ); dry between
filter papers

14. Amino acids K and L were found to be impure compounds. A chromatogram of these
amino acids of K and L and also of three sugars, glucose, fructose and galactose was
made with the results shown below.

a. What two simple sugars must be present in powders L? (1mk)

III and IV or glucose and fructose

b. Indicate the solvent font on the diagram above. (1 mk)

c. State two properties on which the separation above depends on (1mk)

solubility in the solvent used
stickiness on the paper used
 d. state one application of the process above (1mk)
testing purity of drugs
testing presence of banned substances in sports participants

15. Using dots (•) and crosses (x) to represent the outermost electrons, draw the structure
to show the bonding in (C=6, O = 8 , Li= 3 )

i. CO. (2mk)

ii. Li2O (2mk)

16. The electron arrangement of ions

Q2- and R3+ are as 2, 8, 8, and 2,8 respectively.

a. Write the electron arrangement of the elements Q and R (2marks)

Q= 2,8,6 R= 2,8,3

b. Write the formula of the compound that would be formed between Q and R
(1mark)
R2 Q3

17. Study the diagram below then use it to answer the questions that follow.
 a. Draw the wooden splint at the end of the experiment. If it was slipped then
removed. (1 mark)

b. Explain the appearance of the wooden splint in (a) above. (2 marks)

flame is coolest at the centre and hottest at the side/ top/outside

18. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow. The diagram shows the
method used to separate component of mixture P.

a. Name X (½ mark)
fractionating column

b. What is the name given to the method used in separation of mixture P ? (½

mark)
fractional distillation

c. What would happen if the inlet and outlet of water were interchanged ? (1 mark)
little or no distillate collected

d. Which physical property is used to separate mixture P ?( 1 mark)

differences in boiling points

19. Below are PH values of some solutions.

Solution Z Y X W

PH 6.5 13.5 2.2 8.0

20.

i. Which solution is likely to be

I. acidic rain - Z (½ mark)

II. Potassium hydroxide - Y (½ mark)

ii. A solution which could be used as anti acid (1mk) - W

21. The diagram below is used in preparation of liquid L

a. Explain the observations that would be made if calcium turnings were used
instead of zinc granules in the above experiment. (2mk)
the reaction will stop √ 1 mk after awhile,since calciumsulphate will be formed
which is insoluble√ 1 mk

b.

i. Explain how liquid L can be identified by chemical means. (2mks

 Add afew drops of L onto anhydrous copper(II)sulphate√ 1 mk ,it

turns from changes from white to blue√ 1 mk or

 Add afew drops of L onto anhydrous cobalt(II)chloride√ 1 mk ,it

turns from blue to pink√ 1 mk

ii. How could the purity of liquid L be confirmed? (1mk

by checking it boiling point,at sea level it boils at 100°C√ 1

c. Name asuitable catalyst for the reaction above (1mk)

copperII sulphate crystals√ 1 mk
 d. When magnesium is heated in steam it reacts rapidly forming a white solid and
gas X.

i. Write an equation that took place in the heated test tube. (1mk)
Mg(s) + H2O(g) = MgO(s) + H2(g) √ 1

ii. Why is the gas X collected as shown in the diagram above? (1mk)
its less dense than air

iii. How would you confirm the gas collected? (1mk)

introduce aburning aplint,it Put offa burning splint with a pop sound√ 1

22. An iron sculpture was produced to commemorate the anniversary of founder of a

certain village. To prevent it from rusting, the village elder attached it by a wire to a
block of zinc which was stored underground out of sight.

i. .Explain how the village elder’s action would prevent the rusting of the sculpture.
(1mk)
Zinc is more√½ reactive than iron, hence it is going to corrode√ ½ instead of
iron

ii. What name is given to this method of preventing rusting? (1mk)

Sacrificial protection √ 1

iii. List down two other ways in which rusting of the statue could be prevented.
(1mk)
painting √1
Alloying
Oiling and greasing
(Any two one mark each ½ mark)

23. Study the table below and answer the questions that follows

Substance A B C D E F
 113
Melting point (°C) 801 139 5 –101 3700
119

Boiling point (°C) 1410 445 457 54 –36 4027

Electrical Solid Poor Poor Good Poor Poor Poor

conductivity Liquid good poor poor poor poor poor

24.

a. Identify with a reason the type of structure in

i. Substance A (1mk)
Structure - giant ionic structure
Reason . poor conductor in solid state good in molten

ii. Substance C (1mk)

Structure .giant metallic structure
Reason. Good conductor in both states

b. Which compound have a simple molecular structure and exist as a liquid at room
temperature (1mk) - D

c. Suggest a reason why substance B has two melting points (1mk)

is allotropic

d. Which substance could have giant atomic substance. (1mk)

-F

25. When solid H was left exposed, it became dump. What property of solid H is
demonstrated (1mk)

 it is hygroscopic