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2nd Assi Discrete Structure

The document consists of three main tasks: completing a truth table for logical propositions, evaluating a propositional function P(x) for specific values and determining their truth values, and analyzing a partially ordered set (POSET) to see if it forms a lattice. The evaluations show that P(2) is true while P(-4) and P(-3) are false, indicating the existence of at least one true case (∃x P(x)). Lastly, the document requires the use of a Hasse Diagram to identify the greatest lower bounds and least upper bounds for the elements in the given POSET.

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22 views2 pages

2nd Assi Discrete Structure

The document consists of three main tasks: completing a truth table for logical propositions, evaluating a propositional function P(x) for specific values and determining their truth values, and analyzing a partially ordered set (POSET) to see if it forms a lattice. The evaluations show that P(2) is true while P(-4) and P(-3) are false, indicating the existence of at least one true case (∃x P(x)). Lastly, the document requires the use of a Hasse Diagram to identify the greatest lower bounds and least upper bounds for the elements in the given POSET.

Uploaded by

Emma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SECOND ASSIGNMENT (DISCRETE STRUCTURE)

1. Complete the Truth Table below:


P Q R (P ---> Q) (Q ---> R) (P ---> Q) v (Q --->
R)
T T T
T T F
T F T
T F F
F T T
F T F
F F T
F F F

2. Consider the propositional function P(x) defined as: x 3 + x2 – 1 > 5,


then what are the truth value of P(2), P(–4) and P(–3). Indicate with
notation whether the propositions satisfy Universal or Existential
quantifier.

3. With a Hasse Diagram, determine whether this POSET: ({1, 2, 3, 4, 6,


8, 12, 24},|) is a lattice or not. (Show the Greatest Lower Bound (GLB)
and Least Upper Bound (LUB) for every pair of element and state your
reason).
Number 2
Evaluating Propositional Function P(x)
Given the propositional function:
\[ P(x): x^3 + x^2 - 1 > 5 \]

Evaluating P(2):
\[ P(2): 2^3 + 2^2 - 1 > 5 \]
\[ P(2): 8 + 4 - 1 > 5 \]
\[ P(2): 11 > 5 \]
\[ P(2) \text{ is } \boxed{\text{True}} \]

Evaluating P(-4):
\[ P(-4): (-4)^3 + (-4)^2 - 1 > 5 \]
\[ P(-4): -64 + 16 - 1 > 5 \]
\[ P(-4): -49 > 5 \]
\[ P(-4) \text{ is } \boxed{\text{False}} \]

Evaluating P(-3):
\[ P(-3): (-3)^3 + (-3)^2 - 1 > 5 \]
\[ P(-3): -27 + 9 - 1 > 5 \]
\[ P(-3): -19 > 5 \]
\[ P(-3) \text{ is } \boxed{\text{False}} \]

Quantifiers:
- Universal Quantifier (∀): For all x, P(x) is true.
- Existential Quantifier (∃): There exists an x such that P(x) is true.

Given the truth values:


- P(2) is True
- P(-4) is False
- P(-3) is False

∃x P(x) is true, since P(2) is true.


We can say:

∀x P(x) is false, since P(-4) and P(-3) are false.

- ∃x P(x) (There exists an x such that P(x) is true)


Notation:

- ¬∀x P(x) (Not for all x, P(x) is true)

In summary, P(2) is true, while P(-4) and P(-3) are false. The propositional function P(x) satisfies the
existential quantifier (∃) but not the universal quantifier (∀).

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