Relative Clauses – Sıfat Cümlecikleri

Relative Pronouns :

Who : Özne / Nesne için kullanılır. (İnsan)

Whom : Nesne için kullanılır. (İnsan)
Whose : İyelik sıfatı için kullanılır. (İnsan / Varlık)
Which : Özne / Nesne için kullanılır. (Varlık)
Where : Dolaylı tümleç için kullanılır. (Mekan)
When : Zaman zarfı için kullanılır. (Zaman)
Why : Sebep – Sonuç için kullanılır.
That : “Defining Relative Clause” da who – which yerine kullanılabilir.

WHO : Sıfat cümleciğinde özne / nesne olan, insanlar için kullanılır. Geniş bir kullanıma sahiptir. Nesnel zamir için özellikle
kullanılan bir kelime daha vardır(whom).

* Our teacher is a tall man. He is married.

- Our teacher, who is married, is a tall man. / Our teacher, who is a tall man, is married.

* My mother is tired. She came back from shopping.

- My mother, who came back from shopping, is tired. / My mother, who is tired, came back from shopping.

* My best friend was very happy yesterday. I saw her at the mall.

- My best friend, who/whom I saw at the mall, was very happy yesterday.

* My father is very angry with me. He saw my brother playing football in the room.

- My father, who saw my brother playing football in the room, is very angry with me.

* My sister passed the test. She studied very hard.

- My sister, who studied very hard, passed the test.

* Our teacher gave us a stupid homework. I don’t like her.

- Our teacher, who/whom I don’t like, gave us a stupid homework.

* My wife is working next door. She is preparing a shipment at the moment.

- My wife, who is preparing a shipment at the moment, is working next door.

* I missed my brother. He lives far away.

- I missed my brother, who lives far away.

WHOM : Sadece nesnel zamir(insan) nitelemek için kullanılır.

* My mother cooked the dinner. I saw her working in the kitchen.

- My mother, whom I saw working in the kitchen, cooked the dinner.

* She didn’t read the whole book. I gave it to her yesterday.

- She, whom I gave the book to yesterday, didn’t read all/whole of it.

- She, to whom I gave the book yesterday, didn’t read all/whole of it.

* I am going to propose to my girlfriend. I love her so much.

- I am going to propose to my girlfriend, whom I love so much.

* My friend was in a hurry. I saw him running down the street.

- My friend, whom I saw running down the street, was in a hurry.

* Julia was behaving badly. I shouted at her.

- Julia, whom I shouted at, was behaving badly.

- I shouted at Julia, who was behaving badly.

WHOSE : İyelik sıfatı için kullanılır (İnsan/ Varlık).

* The woman was crying. “Her son” was kidnapped.

- The woman, “whose son” was kidnapped, was crying.

* My brother was angry with me. I broke “his PS5”.

- My brother, “whose PS5” I broke, was angry with me.

* Her father was very proud of me. I drove “his car” yesterday.

- Her father, “whose car” I drove yesterday, was very proud of me.

* My cat was hissing at me in the morning. I stepped on “its tail”. its tail(my cat’s tail) = tail of my cat

- My cat, “whose tail” I stepped on, was hissing at me in the morning.

- My cat, on whose tail I stepped, was hissing at me in the morning.

- My cat, tail of which I stepped on, was hissing at me in the morning.

WHICH : Cümlede, özne / nesne konumundaki varlıklar için (insan hariç) kullanılır.

* The bus is late. I have been waiting for it for 2 hours.

- The bus, which I have been waiting for for 2 hours, is late.

- The bus, for which I have been waiting for 2 hours, is late.

* My mouse is broken. I bought it 2 months ago.

- My mouse, which I bought 2 months ago, is broken.

* I invited Jenny to a party. It is going to start at 9 pm.

- I invited Jenny to a party, which is going to start at 9 pm.

* Robert has an apartment. It is very spacious and fashionable.

- Robert has an apartment, which is very spacious and fashionable.

* I want to buy a new car. It is quite expensive.

- I want to buy a new car, which is quite expensive.

* My sister bought a nice book. She paid a lot of money for it.

- My sister bought a nice book, which she paid a lot of money for.

- My sister bought a nice book, for which she paid a lot of money.

( My sister, who paid a lot of money for a nice book, bought it.)

* I borrowed my friend’s new bicycle. I crashed it after 20 minutes.

- I borrowed my friend’s new bicycle, which I crashed after 20 minutes.

WHERE : Cümledeki dolaylı tümleci vurgular. “Nerede/Nereye” sorusuna cevap veren öğeyi betimler.

* The hotel was beautiful. We stayed at that hotel last year.

- The hotel, where we stayed last year, was beautiful. – Where did we stay last year?

- The hotel, which we stayed at last year, was beautiful.

- The hotel, at which we stayed last year, was beautiful.

* İstanbul is a very big city. I was born in İstanbul.

- İstanbul, where I was born, is a very big city.
- İstanbul, which I was born in, is a very big city.
- İstanbul, in which I was born, is a very big city.
 * Marmaris is the city. I work in Marmaris.
- Marmaris is the city, where I work.
- Marmaris is the city, which I work in.

* Elegance Hotel has a big pier. We had our engagement party there.
- Elegance Hotel has a big pier, where we had our engagement party.
- Elegance Hotel has a big pier, which we had our engagement party on.
- Elegance Hotel has a big pier, on which we had our engagement party.

WHEN : Zaman zarfını niteler. Zaman zarfındaki tamlama bozulmadan tamamen taşınır.

* It was 2020. I moved to Los Angeles in 2020. * Saturday was the day when we met.

- It was 2020 when I moved to Los Angeles. * 2020 was the year when the pandemic started.

- It was 2020 which I moved to Los Angeles in. * March is the month when my birthday party takes place.

- It was 2020 in which I moved to Los Angeles.

* My birtday is on 19th. I will have a party then.

- My birthday is on 19th when I will have a party.

- My birthday is on 19th which I will have a party on.

- My birthday is on 19th on which I will have a party.

WHY : İki cümle birleştirilirken, cümlelerden birisinde, diğerinin içeriğini sebep olarak betimleriz.

* I don’t know the reason why she was angry.(Why was she angry?)

* She doesn’t have a clue why he left her at the party. (Why did he leave her at the party?)

* We need to understand the problem why this machine doesn’t work. (Why doesn’t this machine work?)

Exercises

* I saw my friend. She was busy. * My father is a very old man. He was born in 1943.
- I saw my friend, who was busy. - My father, who was born in 1943, is a very old man.
- My father, who is a very old man, was born in 1943.

* Our teacher was at school today. He wasn’t sick. * I am married to my wife. I love her so much.
- Our teacher, who wasn’t sick, was at school today. - I am married to my wife, who/whom I love so much.
- Our teacher, who was at school today, wasn’t sick.

* I saw my students. They were going home. * I missed my mother. She cooks the best meals.
- I saw my students, who were going home. - I missed my mother, who cooks the best meals.