Physical pharmacetics –I( 306P)
ExperimentNo.5
Object-To determine the critical solution temperature of phenol and water.
Reference-
1. Mohanta Guru Prasad, Manna Prabal Kumar “A text and practical book of Physical Pharmacy”
Published by pharma med Press 1st edition 2008, Page No.
2. Goud R.S., Gupta G.D. “A practical book of Practical Physical Pharmacy” published by Satish Kumar
Jain CBS Publishers and distributor Pvt. Ltd. 2009, Page No.
Requirements-
ChemicalRequirements-Phenol (7gm)and water (37ml.)
Glasswarerequirements–Thermometer-1,waterbath-1,beaker(50ml)-1,glassrod-1,ice, test tube-1Weighing
balance (10 gm)
Theory-
Principle: Two partially miscible liquids may become completely miscible at a higher
temperaturesincesolubility
increases with temperature
generally. This miscibility
temperature is different for
different compositions of the
mixture. The highest miscibility
temperature is called the critical
solution temperature or CST.
Above this temperature, all
compositions of this mixture are
completely miscible.
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Physical pharmacetics –I( 306P)
Procedure-
1. Arrange the apparatus. This apparatus consists of inner tube & outer tube fitted by the work. Inner tube
consists of thermometer & stirrer.
2. Take7g.of phenolinthe innertube&add exactly7ml.ofthedistilled water.
3. Themixtureismixedproperly&heatedgraduallywithcontinuousstirringwithouttouchingthe thermometer.
4. Notetemperatureatwhichphenolcompletelydissolved&isconvertedinonephase.
5. Nowcoolitslowly&recordthetemperatureatwhichthe mixtureisconvertedinheterogeneous phase.
6. Furtherheatthemixture&recordthetemperatureatwhichitbecomeshomogeneous&cooling temperature at
which it is converted in heterogeneous phase.
7. Nowadd2ml ofdistilledwaterinthesetesttube.
8. Repeatthe step4to 7
9. Inthesametubefurtheradd2mlofdistilledwater&reportthetemperatureatwhichitshowntransitory
opalescence.
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Physical pharmacetics –I( 306P)
Observation & calculation –Weight
of phenol (W1)= 7 g. Density of
phenol (ρ) =1.071g/ml
%Weightofphenol=W1/W1+W2*100
Wt.ofwater Phenol% w/w Transition
Volumeofwater
(g) temperature MeanT=(T1+T2)/2
added (ml)
T1 T2
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Physical pharmacetics –I( 306P)
Example–
Weight of phenol (W1)= 7 g.
Density of phenol (ρ) =1.071g/ml
%Weightofphenol=W1/W1+W2*100
Wt.ofwater Phenol% w/w Transition
Volumeofwater
(g) temperature MeanT=(T1+T2)/2
added (ml)
T1 T2
7+0 7 50 65 50 57.5
7+2 9 43.7 70 55 62.5
7+4 11 38.8 75 52 63.5
7+6 13 35 74 57 65.5
7+8 15 31.8 80 54 67
7+10 17 29.1 82 59 70.5
%Weightofphenol=W1/W1+W2*100
%Weightofphenol=7/7+7*100=50
%Weightofphenol=7/7+9*100= 43.75
%Weightofphenol=7/7+11*100=38.8
%Weightofphenol=7/7+13*100=35
%Weightofphenol=7/7+15*100=31.8
%Weightofphenol=7/7+17*100=29.1
TOTALMEAN=Mean1+Mean2+Mean3+Mean4+ Mean5+Mean6 /6
=57.5+62.5+63.5+65.5+67+70.5/6
=3865/6
=64.4
RESULT-Thecriticalsolutiontemperatureofphenol&wateris 64.40C
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Physical pharmacetics –I( 306P)
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