Unit 1
Lecture 2
Applications of Op-Amp
Differentiator Amplifier
Integrator Amplifier
Op-Amp as Comparator
Summing Amplifier (Adder)
Differential Amplifier (Subtactor)
Op-Amp as Multivibrator
An Op-Amp can be operated in Two configurations:
Inverting Amplifier Configuration
Non-Inverting Amplifier Configuration
Output Voltage of Op-Amp will be:
For Inverting Amplifier
Vout= -(Rf/Rin)*Vin
For Non-Inverting Amplifier
Vout= (1+Rf/Rin)* Vin
Inverting Amplifier configuration
An inverting amplifier using Op-Amp is a type of
amplifier where, the output waveform will be phase
opposite to the input waveform.
The input waveform will be amplified by the factor Av
(voltage gain of the amplifier) in magnitude and its phase
will be inverted.
In the inverting amplifier circuit, the signal to be
amplified is applied to the inverting input of the Op-Amp
through the input resistance R1.
Rf is the feedback resistor. Rf and R1 together determine
the gain of the amplifier.
Op-Amp in inverting amplifier
configuration
Input and output waveform of inverting
amplifier
Non-Inverting Amplifier configuration
The Non-inverting amplifier using Op-Amp is a type of
amplifier where, the output waveform will be in same phase to
the input waveform.
In this electronic circuit design, the signal is applied to the
non-inverting input of the Op-Amp. In this way the signal at
the O/P is not inverted when compared to the input.
The feedback is taken from the O/P of the Op-Amp via a
resistor Rf to the inverting input of the operational amplifier
where another resistor R1 is taken to ground. It has to be
applied to the inverting input as it is negative feedback. Rf and
R1 together determine the gain of the amplifier.
The non-inverting amplifier circuit provides a high input
impedance along with all the advantages gained from using an
Op-Amp.
Op-Amp in Non-inverting amplifier
configuration
Input and output waveform of Non-
inverting amplifier
OP-AMP AS DIFFERENTIATOR
The basic operational amplifier differentiator circuit
produces an output signal which is the first derivative of
the input signal.
This operational amplifier circuit performs the
mathematical operation of Differentiation, that is it
“produces a voltage output which is directly proportional
to the input voltage’s rate-of-change with respect to time“
The capacitor C blocks any DC content
only allowing AC type signals to pass
OP-AMP as through and whose frequency is dependent
Differentiator on the rate of change of the input signal.
At low frequencies the reactance of the
capacitor is "High" resulting in a low gain
(Rf/Xc) and low output voltage from the
op-amp.
Problems in an Ordinary op-amp
differentiator are instability and high
frequency noise.
A Resistor is added in series with the
capacitor at the input and a capacitor is
added in parallel to the resistor in the
feedback circuit in the practical
differentiator to eliminate the above
problems.
The output Voltage of Differentiator will
be:
OP-AMP AS AN INTEGRATOR
The integrator Op-Amp produces an output voltage that
is both proportional to the amplitude and duration of the
input signal.
the Op-Amp Integrator is an operational amplifier
circuit that performs the mathematical operation
of Integration.
the Op-Amp integrator produces an output voltage which
is proportional to the integral of the input voltage.
In Op-Amp, the magnitude of the
output signal is determined by the
OP-AMP as an length of time a voltage is present at its
Integrator input as the current through the
feedback loop charges or discharges the
capacitor as the required negative
feedback occurs through the capacitor.
The gain of an integrator at low
frequency is very high and the circuit
goes to saturation.
The feedback capacitor is shunted with
a resistor in the practical integrator to
overcome the above problem.
The Output Voltage of the Integrator
will be:
Fig: A practical Op-Amp Integrator circuit Integrator waveforms
OP-AMP AS COMPARATOR
The Op-Amp comparator compares one analogue
voltage level with another analogue voltage level, or
some preset reference voltage, VREF and produces an
output signal based on this voltage comparison.
In other words, the Op-Amp voltage comparator
compares the magnitudes of two voltage inputs and
determines which is the largest of the two.
Voltage comparators can either use positive feedback or
no feedback at all (open-loop mode) to switch its output
between two saturated states, because in the open-loop
mode the amplifiers voltage gain is basically equal
to AVO.
OP-AMP AS A NON- The sinusoidal input signal
INVERTING VIN is applied to the non-
COMPARATOR inverting terminal. The
fixed reference voltage VREF
is given to the inverting
terminal (-) of the op-amp.
When VIN is greater than
VREF, the output voltage Vo
goes to positive saturation.
When VIN is lesser than
VREF, the output voltage Vo
goes to negative saturation.
OP-AMP AS AN The sinusoidal input signal
INVERTING VIN is applied to the
COMPARATOR inverting terminal. The fixed
reference voltage VREF is
given to the non-inverting
terminal (+) of the op-amp.
When VIN is lesser
than VREF the output voltage
Vo goes to positive
saturation.
When VIN is greater
than VREF, the output voltage
Vo goes to negative
saturation.
For Non-Inverting Comparator For Inverting Comparator
Fig: Output Waveforms
OP-AMP IC PIN CONFIGURATION
