RELATIVE CLAUSES( Cont.
)
(Mệnh đề quan hệ)
III. Các loại mệnh đề: có hai loại: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và mệnh đề quan hệ không xác
định
a. Mệnh đề xác định (Defining relative clauses)
- Là mệnh đề được dùng để xác định danh từ đứng trước nó, cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của câu;
không có nó câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa. Tất cả các đại từ quan hệ được sử dụng trong mệnh
đề xác định.
Ví dụ: Do you know the name of the man who came here yesterday?
➨ Mệnh đề xác định không có dấu phẩy
b. Mệnh đề không xác định (Non – defining clauses)
- Là mệnh đề cung cấp thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật, không có nó thì câu vẫn đủ nghĩa.
Ví dụ: Miss Hoa, who taught me English, has just got married.
➨ Mệnh đề không xác định có dấu phẩy và Mệnh đề này không được dùng “That”
My/ This book, which is on the table, is very interesting.
- MĐQH ko xác định thường cung cấp thông tin cho tên riêng, cho các cum từ có chứa
các tính từ sở hữu( my, your…), các tính từ chỉ định( this, that, these, those)
IV. MỆNH ĐỀ RÚT GỌN - REDUCE RELATIVE CLAUSES
1. Khi đại từ quan hệ đứng làm tân ngữ trong MĐQH:
The girl who/whom you met yesterday is my close friend.>> The girl you met yesterday is
my close friend S V
The book which you lent me was very interesting.>> The book you lent me was very
interesting. S V
2. Active: Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề chủ động thì rút thành cụm hiện tại phân
từ (V-ing).
-The man who stands at the door is my
uncle. => The man standing at the door is my
-The man who is / was standing at the uncle.
door is my uncle.
-The man who stood at the door is my
uncle
3. Passive: Ta có thể dùng past participle (V 2ed) để thay thế cho mệnh đề đề quan hệ khi
nó mang nghĩa bị động
The woman who is given a flower looks => The woman given a flower looks very
very happy happy.
4. Rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu - Infinitive relative clause (active / passive)
Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (To-infinitive) khi trước đại từ
quan hệ có các cụm từ: the first, the second, the last, the only hoặc hình thức so sánh bậc
nhất.
a. Active: - The first student who comes to class has to clean the board.
The first student to come to class has to clean the board.
b. Passive: - The only room which was painted yesterday was Mary’s.
The only room to be painted yesterday was Mary’s.
EXERCISE 4. Combine These Pairs Of Sentences Using Reducing relative Pronouns:
1. She bought the car. Her father had recommended it.
2. He lost the pen. I had given it to him.
3. We called the delivery company. Nga often uses it.
4. Lam met a girl. I used to employ her.
5. Chi called the lawyer. My mother knows him.
6. He brought a woman. I worked with her last year.
7. We employed the pianist. Hai introduced her.
8. The cake is on the table. I bought it.
9. The book belongs to Lan. An found it under the chair.
10. The food was delicious. Huy cooked the food.
11. The bike was stolen. My parents gave me the bike.
12. The man was arrested. I reported him to the police.
13. The teacher was right. Ngan asked him about her problem.
14. The writer was very pretty. My brother dated her.
15. The secretary is in the office. Dzung likes her.
16. The girl gave Binh his phone. She is his daughter.
>> The girl, his daughter, gave Binh his phone.
>> The girl giving Binh his phone is his daughter.
17. This is the laptop. My mother has just bought it.
18. That’s the man. His car is a Ferrari.
19. I know the woman. She lives upstairs.
20. It’s the dog. I always talk to him at night.
21. She opened the cupboard she keeping her best glasses in.
22. This is the house General Giap living here.
23. The flight was canceled. We were going to take it.
The flight we were going to take was cancelled
24. I saw the lady in the shop. She was Vicki Zhao.
25. The man is a director. His dog is sick.
26. My violin is missing. It was my birthday present.
27. I first learn English from a book. I’ve just reread it.
28. The police officer has just arrested a man. He robbed the bank.
29. These are the shoes. I bought them in HCMC.
30. We ate the food. I bought the food.
EXERCISE 5. Combine each pair of sentences, using preposition with a relative
pronoun. The first one has been done as an example.
0. That’s the man. I got the bag from him yesterday.
→ That’s the man from whom I got the bag yesterday.
1. Economics is a subject. I am very interested in it.
2. This is Joanne. I gave my notes to her.
3. The friend spoke French. Jim was travelling with him.
4. The ladder began to slip. Tom was standing on it.
5. The woman said the machine was very good. Jim bought the machine from her.
EXERCISE 6. Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases.
1. It is important to be polite to people who live in the same building.
2. In Venezuela, there are plants which eat insects with their roots.
3. The students who did not come to class yesterday explained their absence to the teacher.
4. My friend lives in a small village which is situated on the banks of the Red River.
5. The photographs which were published in the newspaper were extraordinary.
EXERCISE 7. Change the adjective phrases to adjective clauses.
1. Corn was one of the agricultural products introduced to the European settlers by the
Indians.
Corn was one of the agricultural products which was introduced to the European settlers
by the Indians.
2. The sunlight coming through the window which wakes me up early every morning.
3. Two-third of those whom are arrested for car theft are under twenty years of age.
4. Neil Armstrong was the first person who set foot on the moon.
5. The police have just found the money which was stolen in the bank robbery.
EXERCISE 8. Rewrite the following sentences, using infinitive phrase.
1. Lan is the first student who entered the classroom this morning.
Lan is the first student to enter the classroom this morning
2. Are you the last person who left the office yesterday?
Are you the last person to leave the office yesterday?
3. This is the fifth person who is late for the meeting today.
This is the fifth person to be late for the meeting today.
4. Ba was the only student who answered the question correctly.
Ba was the only student to answer the question correctly.
5. Am I the next person who joins the interview?
Am I the next person who joins the interview?
