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org © 2024 IJCRT | Volume 12, Issue 5 May 2024 | ISSN: 2320-2882

Latest Trends In Bharatanatyam

Priyanka Dundappa Sarashetti
Masters of Performing Arts (Bharatanatyam)
REVA UNIVERSITY BENGALURU
Abstract
Bharatanatyam, a classical dance form originating from South India, has undergone significant
transformations in recent years. This research paper explores the latest trends in Bharatanatyam, focusing on
innovations in technique, choreography, music, costumes, and themes. Through an analysis of recent
performances, scholarly articles, expert interviews, and case studies, the paper examines how traditional
elements are being reinterpreted and integrated with contemporary influences. It also discusses the socio-
cultural dynamics and global perspectives shaping the evolution of Bharatanatyam in the modern era.

Keywords: Bharatanatyam, Adavus, Margam, Natya Shastra.

Introduction
Bharatanatyam traces its origins back to the ancient temples of Tamil Nadu, where it was originally
performed as a sacred art form dedicated to religious worship and storytelling from Hindu mythology. It
plays a crucial role in preserving and transmitting traditional values, narratives, and aesthetics across
generations. Through its repertoire of gestures (mudras), expressions (abhinaya), and movements (adavus),
Bharatanatyam encapsulates centuries-old cultural practices and philosophies. Bharatanatyam serves as a
symbol of regional identity and pride, particularly in Tamil Nadu and among South Indian communities. It
reflects the region's cultural ethos and historical narratives.

Historical Evolution and Revival

Bharatnatyam traces its origins to ancient Tamil Nadu, where it was known as 'sadir' or 'dasiattam'. It was
performed predominantly by temple dancers called devadasis, who were dedicated to the service of deities.
The theoretical foundation of Bharatnatyam draws heavily from Bharata Muni's Natya Shastra, an ancient
Sanskrit text on performing arts. It codified the principles of dance, music, and drama. During the Chola
dynasty (9th-13th centuries), Bharatnatyam flourished under royal patronage. Temples served as centers
where dancers were trained and performances were held as part of religious rituals and royal celebrations.
With British colonial rule in India, temple dances like Bharatnatyam faced suppression due to social and

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cultural reforms that perceived them as immoral. Many devadasis lost their traditional support and
livelihoods.

Technical Innovations in Bharatanatyam

 Adavus and Margam: Detailed analysis of traditional adavus (basic units of dance) and their
adaptation in contemporary performances.
 Innovations in Technique: Exploration of modern interpretations in footwork, hand gestures
(mudras), abhinaya (facial expressions), and rhythmic patterns.
 Physicality and Training: Discussion on the evolving physical training methods and conditioning for
Bharatanatyam dancers.

Choreographic Trends and Innovations

 Traditional vs. Contemporary Choreography: Comparative analysis of traditional choreographic
structures and emerging trends in Bharatanatyam choreography.
 Experimental Forms: Case studies on experimental forms, interdisciplinary collaborations, and
thematic explorations in recent Bharatanatyam performances.
 Impact of Dance Institutions: Examination of the role of dance institutions and individual
choreographers in shaping contemporary Bharatanatyam aesthetics.

Music and Compositional Trends

 Role of Music: Analysis of the symbiotic relationship between music and Bharatanatyam, including
the use of ragas, talas, and modern compositions.
 Live vs. Recorded Music: Exploration of the preference for live music versus recorded soundtracks
in Bharatanatyam performances.
 Innovative Musical Collaborations: Case studies on collaborations with musicians from diverse
genres and their influence on Bharatanatyam compositions.

Spiritual and Philosophical Significance

 Spiritual Expression: Beyond its technical aspects, Bharatanatyam is a means of spiritual expression
and devotion. Traditional compositions (padams and varnams) often explore themes of love,
devotion (bhakti), and philosophical concepts from Hindu scriptures, offering a spiritual experience
to both performers and audiences.
 Philosophical Depth: The dance form incorporates elements of Natya Shastra, an ancient treatise on
performing arts, which codifies principles of aesthetics, emotions, and spiritual symbolism. This
philosophical underpinning enriches Bharatanatyam with layers of meaning and cultural resonance.

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Costumes, Makeup, and Aesthetics
 Traditional Attire: Study of traditional costumes (such as the saree) and makeup (including
Bharatanatyam makeup) and their evolution in contemporary Bharatanatyam.
 Contemporary Aesthetics: Exploration of how contemporary fashion trends and cultural influences
impact Bharatanatyam costumes and visual aesthetics.
 Symbolism in Attire and Makeup: Analysis of the symbolic significance of attire and makeup in
Bharatanatyam performances.

Themes and Narratives

 Traditional Themes: Examination of classical themes such as mythology, devotion, and spirituality
and their representation in modern Bharatanatyam.
 Contemporary Narratives: Analysis of how Bharatanatyam addresses contemporary social issues,
personal narratives, and global themes.
 Experimental Storytelling: Case studies on innovative storytelling techniques and narrative
structures in recent Bharatanatyam choreographies.

Socio-Cultural Influences and Global Perspectives

 Impact of Globalization: Discussion on how globalization has influenced the dissemination, practice,
and interpretation of Bharatanatyam worldwide.
 Cultural Appropriation vs. Appreciation: Examination of debates surrounding cultural authenticity
and adaptation in the global context of Bharatanatyam.
 Technological Advancements: Analysis of the role of technology, including digital platforms, in
promoting Bharatanatyam and enhancing audience engagement.

Conclusion
Bharatanatyam continues to evolve while retaining its core principles. Modern interpretations address
contemporary themes, societal issues, and global perspectives, ensuring its relevance in a changing world.
Bharatanatyam provides a platform for female empowerment and artistic expression. Women dominate the
field as dancers, choreographers, and teachers, challenging traditional gender norms and advocating for
inclusivity and diversity within classical arts.

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References:
1. The Art of Bharatanatyam by S. S. Janaki - This book provides a comprehensive overview of
Bharatanatyam, covering its history, techniques, repertoire, and cultural significance.
2. Bharatanatyam: A Reader edited by Davesh Soneji - This anthology brings together various
scholarly articles and essays on Bharatanatyam, offering insights into its evolution, practice, and
contemporary issues.
3. Bharata Natyam by V. Raghavan - V. Raghavan's work delves into the historical, theoretical, and
aesthetic aspects of Bharatanatyam, providing a deep dive into its classical roots.
4. Bharatanatyam: Indian Classical Dance Art by P. S. Raghavan - This book explores
Bharatanatyam's traditional repertoire, gestures (mudras), and the spiritual dimensions of the dance
form.
5. Reformulating Tradition: The Cultural Politics of Bharata Natyamby Davesh Soneji - This
paper examines the socio-cultural transformations of Bharatanatyam in the 20th century, particularly
through the efforts of Rukmini Devi Arundale.
6. Bharata Natyam and the Tamil Diaspora: An Autoethnographic Perspective" by Priya
Srinivasan - This research paper explores Bharatanatyam's transmission and adaptation within
Tamil diasporic communities, highlighting its evolving meanings and practices.
7. Body, Space, and Gender in Bharata Natyam by Janet O'Shea - Janet O'Shea's paper
investigates how Bharatanatyam embodies gendered identities and social dynamics through its
movements and performances.
8. Rasa in Bharatanatyam: A Philosophical Perspective by P.V. Krishnan - This paper discusses
the concept of rasa (emotional essence) in Bharatanatyam, linking it to classical aesthetics and
philosophical insights.

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