Seismic Design of a

Building in ETABS
Using NBC 105:2020
 MODEL SELECTION CRITERIA

The analysis is carried out for :

1. Ordinary building for residential purpose only.

2. Plinth Area < 1000 [Link]. (92.95 sq.m.)
3. No. of storeys = 3 Storied + Stair Cover
4. Slab Panel Size ≤ 13.5 sq.m.
5. Storey Height = 3.2 m
6. The structure is a reinforced concrete frame
without any contribution of masonry infill walls
in resisting the vertical or seismic loads.
 ARCHITECTURAL PLAN OF SAMPLE MODEL
 MATERIAL PROPERTIES
a. Characteristic compressive strength of concrete (fck) = 20
N/mm2
b. Characteristic yield strength of longitudinal bars (fy) =
500 N/mm2
c. Characteristic yield strength of transverse bars (fy) = 415
N/mm2

Materials unit weight ;

a. Reinforced Concrete = 25 KN/m3
b. Brick Masonry including plaster = 19.2 KN/m3
c. Marble = 26.5 KN/m3
d. Screed = 22 KN/m3
e. Plaster = 20.4 KN/m2
 LOAD CALCULATION
• Wall Load
Wall loading
Floor to floor height = 3.2m
No. of story= 3 + staircase cover
Thickness of wall = 250mm , 125mm

• Partition wall load = 1KN/m2

• Water Tank Load above staircase Cover
* Consider 1000 Lt overhead PVC water tank.
• Live Load
• Floor Finish Load with marble (in staircase part)
a. Marble (thickness = 0.02m , unit weight = 25KN/m3, load = 0.5KN/m2)
b. Screed (thickness = 0.04m , unit weight = 22KN/m3, load = 0.88KN/m2)
c. Plaster (thickness = 0.013m , unit weight = 20.4KN/m3, load = 0.255KN/m2)
Total = 1.635 KN/m2

• Floor Finish Load without marble (in other parts except

staircase part)

a. Screed (thickness = 0.04m , unit weight = 22KN/m3, load = 0.88KN/m2)

b. Plaster (thickness = 0.013m , unit weight = 20.4KN/m3, load = 0.255KN/m2)
Total = 1.135KN/m2
• Earthquake Load Calculation
Elastic Site Spectra for Ultimate Limit State

Clause 4.1.1
 1. Spectral Shape factor , Ch(T)

Time period

Spectral Shape factor , Ch(T) = 2.5

2. Zone Factor

Zone Factor = 0.3

3. Importance Factor

For Residential Purpose,

Importance Factor =1
4. Elastic Site Spectra for Ultimate Limit State, Ch(T)

5. Elastic Site Spectra for Serviceability Limit State, Ch(T)

 4. Horizontal Base Shear Coefficient for ULS , Cd(T)

5. Horizontal Base Shear Coefficient for SLS , Cd(T)

6. Vertical Distribution of Seismic Force

Clause 6.3

For T= 0.64 sec, k = 1.07

 MODELING IN ETABS (Equivalent Static Method)
1. Material Definition, Frame Definition, Slab Definition.
(Consider Flexural Stiffness and Shear Stiffness in Frame as
per Table3-1. (Crack Section) )
Column Section Definition
Beam Section Definition
Slab Section Definition
2. Model as per Architectural Drawing.

Fig:3D Modeling
3. Define Load Patterns required and Load Cases
Lateral Load Definition for ULS

According
to Clause
5.7 The
accidental
eccentricity
can be taken
as ±0.1b

Lateral Load Definition for SLS

4. Define Mass Source in order to determine Seismic Weight as
per Clause 5.2
4. Define Load Combination as per Clause 3.6
For Parallel System For Non Parallel System
5. Assign all the Loads

Fig: Wall load Fig: Floor Live load

Fig: Roof Live load Fig: Floor Finish
6. Run the Analysis
7. Time Period Calculation from Rayleigh Method

Clause 5.1.1

TABLE: Time Period Calculation from Lateral Force in X Direction

Story Seismic Weitht X-Dir Deflection Wd^2 Fd
KN kN mm
Stair Cover 702.84 65.45 46.05 1490186.80 3013.51
Story 3 707.36 140.47 37.76 1008516.08 5303.92
Story 2 433.24 133.60 25.92 291026.22 3462.59
Story 1 114.79 63.64 10.35 12296.73 658.62
Base 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 1958.23 2802025.83 12438.65
Time period in X Diection 0.952 sec
TABLE: Time Period Calculation from Lateral Force in Y direction
Story Seismic Weitht Y-Dir Deflection Wd^2 Fd
KN kN mm
Stair Cover 702.84 65.45 47.884 1611527.57 3133.80
Story 3 707.36 140.47 38.624 1055252.41 5425.42
Story 2 433.24 133.60 26.787 310868.92 3578.69
Story 1 114.79 63.64 10.893 13620.85 693.18
Base 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00
Total 1958.23 2991269.75 12831.09
Time period in Y Diection 0.969 sec

Time period from the model From Clause 5.1 Compare Time
period obtained from Empirical
Formula with 1.25 time
amplification with Time period
obtained form Rayleigh Method.
Adopt Lesser Value.
In This Case,
Time Period, T = 0.64 sec
8. Check for Inter-Story Deflections as per Clause 5.6.3.
 Inter-Story Drift Ratio Check For Ultimate Limit State

From Clause [Link]

The design horizontal
drift ratio shall be
determined by
multiplying the
horizontal drift ratio
found from Equivalent
Static Method or Modal
Response Spectrum
Method by the Ductility
factor (Rμ).

In X – direction,
Design horizontal Inter-Story Drift Ratio = 0.005222x4 = 0.0209 < 0.025 OK
In Y – direction,
Design horizontal Inter-Story Drift Ratio = 0.004967x4 = 0.0199 < 0.025, OK
 Inter-Story Drift Ratio Check For Serviceability Limit State

From Clause [Link]

The design horizontal
drift ratio for
serviceability limit
state shall be taken as
equal to the horizontal
drift ratio calculated
either by Equivalent
Static Method or
Modal Response
Spectrum Methods.

In X – direction,
Design horizontal Inter-Story Drift Ratio = 0.005013 < 0.006 OK
In Y – direction,
Design horizontal Inter-Story Drift Ratio = 0.004768 < 0.006, OK
9. Design the member using IS 456:2000

10. Check for the Column-beam Moment Capacity Ratio as per

Clause 4.4.4 of Ductile detailing Code. (Annex A: Design &
Detailing of RC Structure for Earthquake Loads.)

11. Verify All Member Passed

MODAL RESPONSE SPECTRUM ANALYSIS
1. Do the process 1-8 as in Equivalent Static Method.
2. Unlock the model.
3. Define Response Spectra according to NBC 105:2020 in ETABS
4. Load Cases For Response Spectra

ULS
Initial Scale Factor
=ZxIxg/(RµxΩ)
=0.3x1x9.8/(4x1.5)
=0.4905

SLS
Initial Scale Factor
=0.2xZxIxg/Ω
=0.2x0.3x1x9.8/1.25
=0.4709
5. Define Load Combination as per Clause 3.6
5. Run the analysis

6. Modal Mass Participation Ratio

TABLE: Modal Participating Mass Ratios As per Clause
Case Mode Period UX UY SumUX SumUY 7.3, A sufficient
sec number of
Modal 1 0.878 0.7054 0.0518 0.7054 0.0518
Modal 2 0.828 0.0833 0.6795 0.7887 0.7313
modes shall be
Modal 3 0.645 0.0258 0.0949 0.8145 0.8262 included in the
Modal 4 0.296 0.1033 0.000007548 0.9177 0.8263 analysis to
Modal 5 0.279 0.0007 0.094 0.9184 0.9202 include at least
Modal 6 0.216 0.0039 0.0106 0.9223 0.9309 90% of the total
Modal 7 0.178 0.0518 0.0001 0.9742 0.9309
Modal 8 0.171 0.0007 0.044 0.9749 0.975
seismic mass in
Modal 9 0.152 0.0006 0.0032 0.9755 0.9782 the direction
Modal 10 0.12 0.0245 0.000008118 1 0.9782 under
Modal 11 0.118 0.000007582 0.0218 1 1 consideration.
Modal 12 0.105 0.000004737 0.000005352 1 1
7. Scale factor as per Clause 7.5
TABLE: Base Reactions
• ULS Output Case Step Type FX FY
kN kN
In X Direction
EQX-ULS Step By Step -403.1466 0
Scale Factor = 0.4905x403.1466/315.5296 EQX-ULS Step By Step -403.1466 0
= 0.6267 EQX-ULS Step By Step -403.1466 0
In Y Direction EQY-ULS Step By Step 0 -403.1466
Scale Factor = 0.4905x403.1466/301.0399 EQY-ULS Step By Step 0 -403.1466
EQY-ULS Step By Step 0 -403.1466
= 0.6569
EQX-SLS Step By Step -387.0207 0
EQX-SLS Step By Step -387.0207 0
• SLS
EQX-SLS Step By Step -387.0207 0
EQY-SLS Step By Step 0 -387.0207
In X Direction
EQY-SLS Step By Step 0 -387.0207
Scale Factor = 0.4709x387.0207/302.6508 EQY-SLS Step By Step 0 -387.0207
= 0.6022 RSx- ULS No Scale Max 315.5296 65.2629
In Y Direction RSy- ULS No Scale Max 65.2629 301.0399
Scale Factor = 0.4709x387.0207/288.7525 RSx- SLS No Scale Max 302.6508 62.5991
RSy- SLS No Scale Max 62.5991 288.7525
= 0.6312
After Scaling
TABLE: Base Reactions
Output Case Step Type FX FY
kN kN
EQX-ULS Step By Step -403.1466 0
EQX-ULS Step By Step -403.1466 0
EQX-ULS Step By Step -403.1466 0
EQY-ULS Step By Step 0 -403.1466
EQY-ULS Step By Step 0 -403.1466
EQY-ULS Step By Step 0 -403.1466
EQX-SLS Step By Step -387.0207 0
EQX-SLS Step By Step -387.0207 0
EQX-SLS Step By Step -387.0207 0
EQY-SLS Step By Step 0 -387.0207
EQY-SLS Step By Step 0 -387.0207
EQY-SLS Step By Step 0 -387.0207
RSx- ULS Max 405.6809 83.9094
RSy- ULS Max 87.9051 405.4823
RSx- SLS Max 386.3628 79.9137
RSy- SLS Max 83.9094 387.0512
 8. Inter-Story Drift Ratio Check
Ultimate Limit State
From Clause [Link]
The design horizontal
drift ratio shall be
determined by
multiplying the
horizontal drift ratio
found from Equivalent
Static Method or Modal
Response Spectrum
Method by the Ductility
factor (Rμ).

In X – direction,
Design horizontal Inter-Story drift ratio = 0.004119x4 = 0.01648< 0.025 Ok

In Y – direction,
Design horizontal Inter-Story drift ratio = 0.003885x4 = 0.01554< 0.025, Ok
Serviceability Limit State

From Clause [Link]

The design horizontal
drift ratio for
serviceability limit
state shall be taken as
equal to the horizontal
drift ratio calculated
either by Equivalent
Static Method or
Modal Response
Spectrum Methods.

In X – direction,
Design horizontal Inter-Story drift ratio = 0.003951 < 0.006 Ok
In Y – direction,
Design horizontal Inter-Story drift ratio = 0.003726 < 0.006, Ok
9. Design the member using IS 456:2000

10. Check for the Column-beam Moment Capacity Ratio as per

Clause 4.4.4 of Ductile detailing Code. (Annex A: Design &
Detailing of RC Structure for Earthquake Loads.)

11. Verify All Member Passed

  ANALYSIS AND DESIGN COMPARISON
(Equivalent Static Method)
NBC 105-1994 IS 1893-2002 IS 1893-2016 NBC 105-2019
S.N Description Soil Type II Soil Type II Soil Type II Soil Type C
Z =1 Z =0.36 Z =0.36 PGA 0.25 PGA 0.3 PGA 0.35 PGA 0.4
Empirical 0.406 0.508 0.508 0.634 0.634 0.634 0.634
Rayleigh- Tx 0.900 0.990 0.895 0.895 0.827
7 Time Period Rayleigh- Ty 0.900 0.965 0.857 0.857 0.779
Mode 1 0.900 1.002 0.904 0.904 0.835
Mode 2 0.895 0.954 0.857 0.857 0.789
ULS 0.104 0.125 0.146 0.167
8 C 0.08 0.09 0.09
SLS 0.100 0.120 0.140 0.160
9 K 1 2 2 1.070 1.070 1.070 1.070
10 Weight (KN) 3068.8315 3151.49 3225.17 3151.49 3225.17 3225.17 3309.45
ULS 327.77 403.15 470.87 552.67
11 Base Shear (KN) 245.506 283.634 290.265
SLS 315.15 387.02 451.52 529.51

12 Eccentricity allowed 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Max drift
ULS Eqx 0.310% 0.305% 0.420% 2.2200% 2.2000% 2.5600% 2.5120%
ULS Eqy 0.300% 0.290% 0.400% 2.1400% 2.1040% 2.4600% 2.3912%
13 SLS Eqx 0.533% 0.528% 0.610% 0.602%
SLS Eqy 0.514% 0.508% 0.590% 0.573%
ULS 2.500% 2.500% 2.500% 2.500%
Allowable Drift 1% 0.400% 0.400%
SLS 0.600% 0.600% 0.600% 0.600%
Size 300x300 350x350 400x400 350x350 400x400 400x400 450x450
1.53%-0.8% 1.49%-0.82% 0.82%-0.8% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00%
Storey 3
(1375-720) (1510-1002) (1308-1280) 1225 1600 1600 2025
14 Column Rebar 2.73%-1.52% 2.37%-1.18% 1.15%-0.8% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00% 1.00%
Storey 2
(2454-1372) (2900-1599) (1827-1280) 1225 1600 1600 2025
3.07%-2.73% 2.45%-1.67% 1.61%-1.14% 1.69%-1.37% 1.42%-0.96% 1.69%-1.37% 1.56%-1.11%
Storey 1
(2792-1761) (3197-2152) (2583-1827) (2029-1579) (2280-1542) (2710-2587) (2244-3165)
Size 250x350 250x350 250x350 250x350 250x350 250x350 250x350
15 Beam Rebar Ast top mm2 726 977 616 468 490 559 549
Ast bottom mm2 364 509 308 234 245 280 275