IOT-Enabled Solar Powered Temperature
Monitoring System
2021-2025
Department of Electronics and communication Engineering
Submitted by
NAME REGISTER NUMERS
AVULLA MALLA REDDY 720921106005
M.LOKESH 720921106015
REDDYGARI CHETHANA 720921106024
Guided by
Mr. G. Sivaramalingam. M. Tech
Mrs. R. Poornima AP/ECE
JCT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
PICHANUR, COIMBATORE - 641105
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report on “IOT - ENABLED SOLAR
POWERED TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM” is the bonafide
record of work done by “R.CHETHANA , M .LOKESH , AVULA . MALLA
REDDY “ from the department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
by Anna University, Chennai.
Internal guide Head of the department
Internal Examiner External Examiner
ABSTRACT
The power generated from solar panel is to be efficiently monitored and
managed to reduce the generation losses in solar power generation. Generally, we
use solar plants to build in the locations where people can’t reach on daily basis
so this approach will help them to virtually control their systems from faraway
places. It monitors the panel load by using the IoT technologies and the data
which are received from the panels are send to the cloud through the internet for
the future use. It also helps the remote users to monitor the solar power plant. The
user can get the information about the current and previous average parameter
like voltage, temperature and current.
This will facilitate the fault detection and preventive maintenance of solar.
In this paper we use the application Internet of thing (IOT) to control and monitor
the solar power (renewable energy). This system is designed to solve the problem
occur in solar power generation like management problem, maintenance and to
reduce the time of repair. Using this technology, the cost of solar energy
(renewable energy) generation reduces.
This also provide real time information to the user help to monitor the
system. The main purpose of this paper is that the solar panel can collect or
capture maximum solar radiation and maintain the system more reliably and
efficiently.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
PROPOSED WORK :
System Design :
The solar panel voltage and current is monitored with the help of
sensors like current sensor and voltage sensor. The current sensor gives the value
of current flowing through the solar panel and the voltage sensor gives the value
of voltage appear across the solar panel. Both the sensor’s data is given to ESP32
module which is combination of controller and wifi module. This module is
programmed with the help of Arduino IDE software.
First ESP32 works as a microcontroller and fetch the current sensor
and voltage sensor output data through serial ports. This data is then displayed on
the LCD display in the form of voltage, current and power value. Now ESP32
works as a wi-fi module. First this ESP32 connect with the Internet through wi-fi
then ESP32 send the data available on the serial to the cloud with the help of
MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) protocol.
This data is transferred to the cloud and stored in cloud platform. We
are using AWS (Amazon web services) as a cloud platform and with the help of
API we can access the data stored in AWS through internet. Solar panel Solar
panel is of 12V. Solar panels are those devices which are used to absorb the sun
rays and convert them into electricity. A solar panel is actually a collection of
solar radiations, which can be used to generate electricity through photovoltaic
effect.[1,2] ESP32 module ESP32 module is a series of low-cost, low power
system on a chip microcontroller with integrated Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth.
It is an all-rounded chip for the development of IOT projects and
embedded systems in general. it's very reliable. Volt age regulator To step down
the voltage of solar panel from 12V to 5V as all the components works on 3V-5V.
It also helps for over current and voltage protection. Voltage divider Normally
voltage of 5V is measured by Arduino channel so, to measure the voltage more
than 5V Voltage Divider is used. Cloud setup Cloud computing is the delivery of
computing services—including servers, storage, databases, networking, software,
analytics, and intelligence—over the Internet to offer faster innovation, flexible
resources, and economies of scale.[3] Current sensor ACS 712 current Sensor of
range 20A is used to measure the current.
LCD screen It is used to display the monitored values of Voltage, current
and power in Watt. Voltage sensors A voltage sensor is a sensor is used to calculate
and monitor the amount of voltage in an object. Voltage sensors can determine
both the AC voltage or DC voltage level. Main switch and load switch To
ON/OFF the system and load respectively. Load Incandescent bulb of 12V,
400mA is used as a load. IMPLEMENTATION Hardware Setup Solar energy
generated by solar panel is in the form of DC current therefore we use Dc bulb
for usage.
The monitor displays the web page & cloud data. Table 1 Sr. No
Components Specifications 1. Solar panel 12 Watts 2. Load Light/dc motor 3.
Processor ESP32 module 4. Current sensor ACS712(30Amp) 5. Voltage sensor
Voltage divider (25V) Software Setup The open-source Arduino Software (IDE)
– is used in system for upload the code on to board. The sensor and circuit are
connected to the Module for communicate with them to sense current and voltage.
We write the code in “C” for the sensing and calculating the power and
energy. We use web page for monitoring system, the monitoring page displays
the table contains voltage, current and power. The web page shows the real time
data of solar panel.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
A. Arduino Uno
The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board, which is based on th
e ATmega328 (datasheet). Arduino Uno has 16MHz crystal oscillator, 6 analog i
nputs, a USB connection, an ICSP header, a power jack, 14 digital input or outp
ut pins and a reset button. It comprises of all which is needed to aid the microco
ntroller; power it with a battery or AC-to-DC adapter or just associate it to a PC
with a USB link to get started. It is powered for its operations by a 5-volt dc sup
ply. High functionality with familiarity and simplicity is the purpose of the Ardu
ino UNO. It serves as a link between the solar panel and the Internet of Things (
IoT).
B. Wi-Fi Module ESP8266
The ESP8266 is a Wi-Fi microchip, built by Espress if systems with a complete
TCP/IP protocol stack and MCU (Micro Controller Unit) capability. It is inexpe
nsive. This is mainly used for the IOT embedded applications development. ESP
8266 is used to interface the cloud server with the microcontroller. Arduino's
measured data is processed by the ESP8266 module for data storage in
the IOT or Cloud.
C. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
The LCD screen is a flat panel electronic display technology, commonly used in
various devices and circuits. LCD is a basic (16x2) display, that is, it can display
16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. 16x2 LCD display will have a b
lack text on Green background. The LCD is used to view the different parameter
values sensed by the sensors, such as the voltage, current and power of the solar
grid. Over any other multi segment LEDs, these modules are mostly preferred be
cause, LCDs are cost effective; can be programmed easily; there is no constraint
on displaying custom characters (unlike in seven segments) and special characte
rs, etc.
D. Power Supply Unit
A step-down transformer(230/15V), a filter, a rectifier and a voltage regulator a
re part of the unit. The transformer remains associated with the AC supply and it
steps down the voltage from 230V to 15V, at that point the rectifier changes ove
r the AC into DC, the filter circuit consists of a bypass capacitor which eliminate
s the ripples that are not required in the DC voltage. Now, voltage regulator is us
ed to maintain the voltage given to the Arduino between +12 to-12
E. Relay
Relay is an electrically operated switch, which controls the equipment with the h
elp of electric signals. Controller generates the 3 digital signals based on the sign
als provided to the Arduino by the 3 LDRs and now, it directs only the largest di
gital signal to the relay. Now, the relay serves as a dc motor driver circuit, it driv
es the dc motor to the position where the light intensity is maximum.
F. Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
A light-dependent resistor (LDR), also called as photoresistor is a variable resis
tor which will be controlled by light. The fundamental working principle of an L
DR is photo conductivity. The photo-resistor functions as a variable resistor, and
the resistance value of the LDR varies depending on the intensity of light. So, w
e are connecting this LDR by providing constant voltage through Arduino pins t
o understand the level of light intensity at the solar power plant.
G. Solar Panel
The solar panel, otherwise called as photovoltaic module is a device which is uti
lized to transfer the solar energy into electrical energy by absorbing the sunlight.
A solar panel is made of multiple cells, and multiple panels that are wired togeth
er forms a solar array; the greater number of panels we can deploy, the more wil
l be the power generated. Silicon like semiconductor material is used to make th
e PV photovoltaic solar panels. Solar panels generate Direct Current.
IV. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
A. Things Speak Cloud Setup
Things Speak is an open-source IOT platform application, which offers
different services, that are only focused on building IOT applications. It is an AP
I that stores and retrieves the information from the sensor or the objects/things a
ssociated with the system through the internet that utilizes Hypertext Transfer Pr
otocol (HTTP) from the local network to the cloud.
All the information logs that are received from the sensors will get upda
ted by ThingsSpeak cloud platform application, tracking the location application
s, and the status application providing to the clients(users) and taken from the cli
ents. To use the ThingsSpeak application, the client needs to create an account w
hich contains various channels aimed at observing the various parameters in the
framework or in monitoring the parameters in a remote device.
This cloud allows the administrator(user) to envision the information in
graphical representation. Energy yield information is transferred to a router with
internet-based monitoring, making it accessible through the online interface. Yo
ur solar panel output information can be accessed from anywhere you can get an
internet connection, which is the primary benefit of frameworks like these
V. WORKING PROCESS
For the current status of the solar panel to be sensed, the sensors are used, that is
the current is sensed, using the current sensor. The solar panel is rotated by the D
C Motor, using the DC Servo Motor relying on the LDR, with the goal that the p
anel gets the maximum sunlight at every moment. To the motor, relay serves as t
he driver. To the sensor, LDR and the relay, the controller is wired.
LDR and the analog signal from the sensor acts as controller’s input and t
he relay is supplied with the output signal, on the basis of the input from LDR a
nd parameters of the solar panel like power and voltage generated which are calc
ulated from the sensor’s current signal are displayed on the LCD.
An interface is shared across the controller and the cloud server utilizing
the Wi-Fi module, subsequently the panel parameters like voltage, current and p
ower generated are transferred to the server. Along these lines, the ongoing statu
s of the panel can be viewed remotely. It can be compared and analysed, as the p
arameters of the panel are stored in the server every hour and every day. Data fr
om the different solar panels is integrated by Internet of Things platform and ap
plies analytics to share the most significant data with applications made to addre
ss specific requirements.
Powerful IoT platforms like Things speak, Microsoft Azure and Google
cloud platforms, etc., can distinguish precisely what data is valuable and what ca
n be securely disregarded. This information can be utilized to make recommenda
tions, detect faults, and recognize potential issues before they happen. Data colle
cted by the associated sensors enables to make smart decisions based on real-tim
e information, which helps in saving money and also time.
VI. RESULTS
The light intensity that has been recorded when the light rays fall on the solar pa
nel is measured in LUX. The minimum and maximum amount of temperature w
ill be obtained with respect to the light rays. The temperature is measured in deg
ree Celsius while the voltage is measured in volts. Finally, the current is measur
ed in amperes with respect to the voltage.
PROGRAM:
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
const int lm35_pin = 34;
const int voltageSensor = 14;
float vOUT = 0.0;
float vIN = 0.0;
float R1 = 30000.0;
float R2 = 7500.0;
int value = 0;
float RLDR;
float Vout;
float Lux;
String apiKey = "***************";
const char* ssid = "**************"; // Enter your WiFi Network's SSID
const char* pass = "**************"; // Enter your WiFi Network's Passwor
const char* server = "api.thingspeak.com";
WiFiClient client;
void setup()
Serial.begin(115200);
lcd.begin();
lcd.backlight();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Welcome To");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Our Projects");
delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
Serial.println("Connecting to ");
Serial.println(ssid);
WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)
delay(100);
Serial.print("*");
Serial.println("");
Serial.println("WiFi connected");
void loop()
int temp_adc_val;
float temp_val;
float tempF = temp_val * 9 / 5 + 32;
temp_adc_val = analogRead(lm35_pin); /* Read Temperature */
temp_val = (temp_adc_val * 4.88); /* Convert adc value to equivalent voltage */
temp_val = (temp_val / 10); /* LM35 gives output of 10mv/°C */
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("T:-");
lcd.print(tempF);
Serial.print("Temperature = ");
Serial.print(tempF);
delay(1000);
value = analogRead(voltageSensor);
vOUT = (value * 5.0) / 3724.0;
vIN = vOUT / (R2 / (R1 + R2));
int sensorValue = analogRead(35);
Vout = (sensorValue * 0.0048828125);
RLDR = (10000.0 * (3 - Vout)) / Vout;
Lux = (RLDR / 500);
lcd.setCursor(10, 0);
lcd.print("L:");
lcd.print(Lux);
delay(1000);
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Solar Volt:");
lcd.setCursor(12, 1);
lcd.print(vIN);
if (client.connect(server, 80))
String postStr = apiKey;
postStr += "&field1=";
postStr += String(temp_val);
postStr += "&field2=";
postStr += String(vIN);
postStr += "&field3=";
postStr += String(Lux);
postStr += "\r\n\r\n\r\n";
client.print("POST /update HTTP/1.1\n");
delay(100);
client.print("Host: api.thingspeak.com\n");
delay(100);
client.print("Connection: close\n");
delay(100);
client.print("X-THINGSPEAKAPIKEY: " + apiKey + "\n");
delay(100);
client.print("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\n");
delay(100);
client.print("Content-Length: ");
delay(100);
client.print(postStr.length());
delay(100);
client.print("\n\n");
delay(100);
client print(postStr);
delay(100);
client.stop();
Serial.println("Sending....");
delay(15000);
float mapfloat(float x, float in_min, float in_max, float out_min, float out_max)
return (x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min;
}
CONCLUSION:
Internet of Things (IoT) driven framework is aimed at getting an ideal power output from the
solar panels, in this project. The different solar panel parameters like voltage, current and te
mperature are displayed on the LCD by using this IOT technology. The daily, weekly and mo
nthly analysis becomes simple and efficient, as this system keeps continues track of the solar
power plant. With the help of this analysis, it is possible to identify any issue occurred within
power plant as there would be discrepancy in the information produced by the framework.
