ME51

USN 1 M S
(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Govt. of Karnataka)
Accredited by NBA & NAAC with ‘A+’ Grade

SEMESTER END EXAMINATIONS – FEBRUARY 2024

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Program : B.E. - Mechanical Engineering Semester : V
Course Name : Heat Transfer Max. Marks : 100
Course Code : ME51 Duration : 3 Hrs

Instructions to the Candidates:

 Answer one full question from each unit.
 Use of HMT data book is permitted.
 Any missing data assume suitable value.

UNIT - I
1. a) Define the following: CO1 (10)
i) Thermal conductivity
ii) Heat transfer coefficient
iii) Conductor, Insulator & Semi-conductor
iv) Radiation Shield.
b) A steel pipe (K = 45 W/m.K) having a 0.05m O.D is covered with a CO1 (10)
0.042 m thick layer of magnesia (K = 0.07W/m.K) which in turn covered
with a 0.024 m layer of fiberglass insulation (K = 0.048 W/m.K). The
pipe wall outside temperature is 370 K and the outer surface
temperature of the fiberglass is 305K. What is the interfacial
temperature between the magnesia and fiberglass? Also calculate the
steady state heat transfer.

2. a) Determine the heat transfer through the composite wall shown in the CO1 (10)
figure below.
Take the conductives of A, B, C, D & E as 50, 10, 6.67, 20& 30 W/mK
respectively and assume one dimensional heat transfer. Take of area of
A =D= E = 1m2 and B=C=0.5 [Link] entering at wall A is
800oC and leaving at wall E is 100oC.

b) A 600mm outer diameter sphere storing a liquid is provided with two CO1 (10)
insulating layers, a high temperature insulation of conductivity
0.35 W/mK and a low temperature insulation of thermal conductivity is
0.07 W/mK. The thickness of the former is 100 mm. The temperature
drops across high temperature insulation required to be 2.5 times that
across the low temperature insulation. What should be the thickness of
later?

UNIT - II
3. a) Considering the general equation for heat flow through a rectangular fin, CO2 (10)
derive an expression for heat dissipation from a fin with infinite long
boundary conditions.

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b) A cylinder of 5 cm diameter and 50 cm long, is provided with CO2 (10)
14 longitudinal straight fins of 1 mm thick and 2.5 mm height and is
shown in the Fig. 3b. Calculate the heat loss from the cylinder per
second if the surface temperature of the cylinder is 200°C. Take
h = 25W/m² K, k = 80 W/m K, and Ta = 45°C.

Fig.3(b)

4. a) Write the expression of Biot and Fourier numbers and discuss their CO2 (04)
importance.
b) Derive the equations considering the lumped capacitance analysis for the CO2 (08)
following: i) Temperature distribution in terms of Biot and Fourier
numbers, ii) Instantaneous heat transfer, and iii) Total heat transfer
c) A steel ball 50mm in diameter and at 900 ºC is placed in still atmosphere CO2 (08)
of 30ºC. Calculate the initial rate of cooling of the ball in ºC / min.
Take : =7800 kg/m3, Cp = 2kJ/kg ºC; h= 30 W/m2 ºC. Neglect internal
resistance.
UNIT - III
5. a) Explain with neat sketch the hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer CO3 (10)
in convection heat transfer.
b) Determine the heat transfer rate per unit width of a plate needed to CO3 (10)
maintain it at a surface temperature of 30 0c. When air at a pressure of
0.06bar and temperature of 3000c flows with a velocity of 10m/s over a
flat plate of 1m length. Take properties of air at film temperature
k= 0.0364w/mk Pr = 0.687 µ = 24.6x106Ns/m2 and use the relation
Nu=0.664Re0.5 Pr0.33.

6. a) Define the dimensionless numbers used in free convection heat transfer CO3 (10)
and discuss the concept of natural convection heat transfer mechanism.
b) Find the heat lost by human body by convection to surrounds air. The CO3 (10)
body can be approximated to a vertical cylinder of 25cm in diameter and
175cm in height. The air at 130c and body is at 370c. Take properties for
film temperature at 25 0c. =15.71x10-6 m2/s, K=2.614x10-2 w/m k
Pr= 0.707 use correlation Nu= 0.13 (Gr Pr)1/3.

UNIT- IV
7. a) With a help of graph explain the different regimes of pool boiling CO4 (10)
mechanism.
b) A heat exchanger is required to cool 55000 kg/hr of alcohol from 66 oC to CO4 (10)
40oC using 40000 kg/hr of water entering at 5 oC. Calculate 1) the exit
temperature of water ii) Heat transfer iii) Surface area for the parallel
flow and counter flow heat exchanger take Cp of alcohol 3760 j/ kg K Cp
of water 4180 J/Kg K.

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8. a) What do you mean by fouling factor? List the different effects of fouling CO4 (10)
factor and also mention the different types of fouling occurs in heat
exchanger.
b) Air free saturated steam at Tv =100 oC condenses on the outer surface of CO4 (10)
296 horizontal tubes of 130 mm OD arranged in a 16 X 16 array. Tube

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surfaces are maintained at a uniform temperature T W= 20oC by the flow
of cooling water through the tube. Assuming film condensation, calculate
the average heat transfer coefficient over the entire length of the tube
and the rate of condensate flow at the bottom of the tube.

UNIT - V
9. a) State and prove i) Krichoff’s law of radiation ii) Lamberts cosine law. CO5 (10)
b) The radiation received by the earths surface on a clear day with the sun CO5 (10)
overhead is 1 kW/m2 and an additional 0.3 kW/m2is absorbed by the
earth’s atmosphere. Calculate approximately the temperature of the sun
assume
i) Diameter of sun=1.39 x 109 m
ii) Diameter of earth 12.8 x 106 m
iii) Distance between the sun and earth = 1.5 x 10 11 m
The sun is assumed as a black body.

10. a) Obtain an expression for the rate of heat transfer when radiation shield CO5 (10)
is introduced between two parallel plates.
b) A small disc shaped earth’s satellite of 2 m diameter circles earth at a CO5 (10)
distance of 3.5 x105 m from the surface. The flat surface of the disc is
oriented tangentially to the earth’s surface. The satellite has an
emissivity of 0.32 and is at 260 K. determine the net rate at which
energy is leaving the satellite assuming earth acts like a black body with
average surface temperature of 300 K. Further assume that satellite is in
the shadow of the earth, and that part of satellite surrounding not
occupied by the earth is black and at 0 K. take radius of earth
= 6.25 x106m.
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