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Mod N Counter

A Mod-N counter is a digital counter that counts through 'N' states before resetting, created by modifying a standard binary counter with a reset mechanism. It can be either asynchronous or synchronous, with applications including digital clocks, frequency division, and event counting. The design involves determining the necessary flip-flops and adding a reset circuit to clear the counter at the desired count.

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166 views1 page

Mod N Counter

A Mod-N counter is a digital counter that counts through 'N' states before resetting, created by modifying a standard binary counter with a reset mechanism. It can be either asynchronous or synchronous, with applications including digital clocks, frequency division, and event counting. The design involves determining the necessary flip-flops and adding a reset circuit to clear the counter at the desired count.

Uploaded by

reshwanthramesh33
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mod-N counter

 A Mod-N counter, also known as a modulo-N counter, is a digital counter that


counts through a fixed number of states, 'N', before it resets and begins counting
again.
 The term "modulus" or "Mod-N" simply refers to the number of states in its counting
cycle.
 A standard binary counter with 'n' flip-flops has a maximum modulus of 2n (it counts
through 2n states).
 A Mod-N counter is a type of counter that has been modified to have a modulus other
than 2n.
 A Mod-N counter is created by taking a standard binary counter and adding a reset
mechanism that forces it to clear to zero at the desired count. This is typically done
with a NAND gate. The process involves:
 Determining the number of flip-flops: You first figure out the minimum
number of flip-flops needed. This is calculated using the formula 2n≥N, where
'n' is the number of flip-flops and 'N' is the desired modulus.
 For example, to build a Mod-6 counter, you would need at least 3 flip-
flops, because 23=8, which is the smallest power of 2 greater than or
equal to 6. Two flip-flops (22=4) wouldn't be enough.
 Adding a reset circuit: The counter is designed to count normally up to the
state just before 'N'.
 For example, in a Mod-6 counter, the count would go from 0 to 5. The
reset circuit is a logic gate (usually a NAND gate) whose inputs are
connected to the specific flip-flop outputs that become logic HIGH at
the binary representation of 'N'.
 Forcing the reset: The output of the NAND gate is connected to the
asynchronous clear (CLR) or reset inputs of all the flip-flops. When the
counter reaches the count of 'N', the NAND gate's inputs all become HIGH,
making its output go LOW. This LOW signal immediately clears all the flip-
flops, resetting the counter to 0. This "skips" the unwanted states and truncates
the counting sequence.
Types and Applications
 Mod-N counters can be either asynchronous (ripple counters) or
synchronous.
 Asynchronous counters are simpler to build but suffer from propagation delay,
while synchronous counters are more complex but faster and more reliable.
 A common example of a Mod-N counter is the decade counter, which is a
Mod-10 counter.
 It counts from 0 to 9 before resetting to 0. Decade counters are fundamental
components in applications like:
 Digital clocks : To count seconds, minutes, and hours.
 Frequency division: A Mod-N counter can divide an input frequency by 'N'.
This is useful for creating a lower-frequency signal from a higher-frequency
clock source.
 Event counters: Used in various machines to count items or cycles.

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