CVE20003 Design of Concrete Structures 1

Reinforced Concrete Columns

REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Types of Columns ..................................................................................................... 2
Example problem: Interaction diagram (failure envelope) for a rectangular tied
column ...................................................................................................................... 4
Pure axial compression Nu 0 ( M  0 ) .................................................................. 4
Zero stress in tension bars ..................................................................................... 5
Balanced failure condition .................................................................................... 5
Balanced failure condition .................................................................................... 6
Pure moment capacity Mu o ( N  0 ) ..................................................................... 7
Pure axial tension N uot ( M  0 ) ........................................................................... 8
Construction of interaction diagram ...................................................................... 8
Design of short columns using Design Charts: Rectangular Tied Column. .............. 10
Design of short columns using Design Charts: Rectangular Tied Column. .............. 11
Design of short columns using Design Charts: Rectangular Tied Column. .............. 12
Design of Short Columns Using Design Charts: Circular Spiral Columns. .............. 13
CVE20003 Design of Concrete Structures 2
Reinforced Concrete Columns
CVE20003 Design of Concrete Structures 3
Reinforced Concrete Columns

Types of Columns

1) Rectangular Tied Columns

ties

column section column elevation

2) Spiral Columns, Circular or Square

core core

spiral

3) Composite Columns

concrete concrete

steel tube
steel pipe
CVE20003 Design of Concrete Structures 4
Reinforced Concrete Columns

Example problem: Interaction diagram (failure envelope) for a rectangular

tied column

A 700  400 mm tied column is symmetrically reinforced as shown in figure below.

Establish an approximate interaction diagram for axial compression and bending about
the strong axis. The diagram is to be based on the following:

a) Pure axial compression N uo ( M  0 )

b) Zero stress in tension bars 700
c) Balanced failure state
d) Pure moment capacity M uo ( N  0 )
e) Pure axial tension Nuto (M = 0)
4N24
4Y24 4N24
4Y24 400
Take f’c = 25 MPa, fsy = 500 MPa.

62 62
Nuo

Pure axial compression Nu 0 ( M  0 )

1  1.0  0.003 f c' ... 0.72  1  0.85 (Cl.[Link])
1  1.0  0.003  25  0.925  0.85

Nu0  1 f c'bD  Asc f sy  Ast f sy

 0.85  25  400  700  2  1810  500  10 3

 5950  1810  7760kN

Nu0  0.65  7760  5044kN

st sc cu

0.85 f’c

Ast fsy Asc fsy

CVE20003 Design of Concrete Structures 5
Reinforced Concrete Columns

Zero stress in tension bars

Zero stress in tension bars means that the neutral axis passes through these bars,
i.e., ku d = d, or k u  1.0

 st  0, f st  0
d  700  62  638mm
h e Nu
638  62
 sc   0.003  0.0027   sy  0.002
638
 f sc  f sy  500MPa
 2  0.85  0.0015 f c'  0.67
 2  0.85  0.0015  25  0.8125
  0.97  0.0025 f c'  0.67
  0.97  0.0025  25  0.9075
N u  Cc  C s   2 f c'k u db  Asc f sy
 0.81 25  0.91 1.0  638  400  1810  500  10 3 700

 4703  905  5608kN

400
N u  0.65  5608  3645kN

k d  d’
N u .h  Cc  d  u   Cs d  d ' 

d
 2 
 0.91  638  sc cu
5608h  4703 638    905638  62 st = 0
 2 
h  385mm ku d
 700   ku d
 e  385    62   97mm
 2 
 M u  N u .e  5608  0.097  544kNm 0.81 f’c
M u  0.65  544  354kNm
Asc fsy
Ast fsy=0
CVE20003 Design of Concrete Structures 6
Reinforced Concrete Columns

Balanced failure condition

 c   cu ,  st   sy ,  f st  f sy
600 600
ku    0.55 h
600  f sy 600  500 e Nu
ku d  0.55  638  351mm
ku d  d ' 351  62
 sc    cu   0.003
ku d 351
 0.0025   sy
 f sc  f sy

 2  0.85  0.0015 f c'  0.67

 2  0.85  0.0015  25  0.8125
  0.97  0.0025 f c'  0.67
  0.97  0.0025  25  0.9075 700

Cc   2 f c'k u db
 0.81 25  0.91 351 400 10 3  2587 kN
400
Cs  Asc f sy  1810  500  10 3  905kN
Ts  Ast f sy  1810  500  10 3  905kN

Nu  Cc  Cs  Ts
d
 2587  905  905  2587kN
N u  0.65  2587  1682kN
st sy sc cu
  ku d 
N u .h  Cc d  
  Cs d  d '  ku d
 2 
 0.91  351   ku d
2587h  2587 638    905638  62
 2 
h  680mm
D   700  0.85 f’c
 e  h    d '   680    62 
2   2 
 392mm Asc fsy
Ast fsy
M u  N u .e  2587  0.392  1014kN.m
M u  0.65  1014  659kN.m

A subscript ‘b’ is normally added to indicate

balanced failure state: Nub, Mub and eb
CVE20003 Design of Concrete Structures 7
Reinforced Concrete Columns

Pure moment capacity Mu o ( N  0 )

Cc  C s  Ts
  2 f c' bk u d  Asc f sc  Ast f sy (1) Mu
In the above equation both k u and f sc are unknown.
They can be determined exactly by using a
compatibility equation from the strain diagram:

k ud  d '
 sc   cu
ku d
ku d  d '
 f sc  E s  sc  200,000  0.003
ku d

ku d  d '
 600 (2)
ku d 700
Substitution of Eq.2 in Eq.1 results in a second degree
Polynomial in ku. Solve for ku and calculate fsc from
equation 2.
400
Moment capacity:

 k d 
M u  Cc  d  u   C s d  d '  
 2  d

An approximate, but less involved procedure may be used:

st sc cu
assume C s  0, (i.e. ignore Asc )
ku d
 2 f c'bku d  Ast f sy
 ku d
1810  500 0.85 f’c
 ku d   123mm
0.81  25  400  0.91

 k d 
M uo  Ast f sy  d  u 
 2 
Ast fsy
Asc fsc
 0.91  123  6
 1810  500 638    10
 2 
 527kN
  1.24  13kuo / 12  1.24  13 * 0.2 / 12  1.02  0.85 …. 0.65    0.85
M u  0.85  527  448kNm
o
CVE20003 Design of Concrete Structures 8
Reinforced Concrete Columns

Pure axial tension N uot ( M  0 )

Nuot  Asc f sy  Ast f sy (all steel in tension)

 2  1810  500  10 3
 1810 kN

N uo  0.85  1810  1539 kN

Construction of interaction diagram

POINT Nu Mu
kN  kN.m 
A 7760 0 Pure axial comp. M u  0
B 5608 544 Zero stress in tension bars
C 2587 1014 Balanced failure condition
D 0 527 Pure moment capacity N u  0
E 1810 0 Pure axial tension M u  0
CVE20003 Design of Concrete Structures 9
Reinforced Concrete Columns

Strength interaction diagram (Failure envelope)

A
10000

8000 A
Axial force capacity Nu (kN)

B
6000

4000
Exact

2000 Approximate
C

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

-2000
D
E
-4000

Moment capacity Mu (kN.m)

CVE20003 Design of Concrete Structures 10
Reinforced Concrete Columns
CVE20003 Design of Concrete Structures 11
Reinforced Concrete Columns
CVE20003 Design of Concrete Structures 12
Reinforced Concrete Columns

Design of short columns using Design Charts: Rectangular Tied Column.

Design axial force N *  600kN

Design bending moment M *  200kNm (about x-axis)
f c'  32MPa , fsy = 400 MPa

Select column dimensions b  300mm , D=500mm

*
M 200
e *

N 600
 0.333m
 333mm
emin  0.05D  0.05  500
 25mm, e  emin (if e < emin, calculate new M* based on emin)
N N * 600 10 3
   4MPa
bD bD 300  500
M u M* 200 10 6
   2.67 MPa
bD 2 bD 2 300  500 2
300
Assume concrete cover to centre of bars = 50 mm
500  2  50
 g  0.8 4N20
500
From Chart 6.7 of the Concrete Design Handbook

p  0.01 (Note p min  0.01, p max  0.04 ) 500 x x

R10 ties
Astotal  0.01  300  500  1500 mm 2 @ 240 mm

USE 8N16 1600mm 2 

4N20

Ties; R10 spacing:

min ( 15d b , least dimension) (AS 3600 [Link])
(15  16  240, 300)
CVE20003 Design of Concrete Structures 13
Reinforced Concrete Columns

Design of Short Columns Using Design Charts: Circular Spiral Columns.

N *  800kN
M *  150kN .m
f c'  40MPa
fsy = 400 MPa

Select column diameter D  400mm

M * 150
e 
N * 800
= 0.188 m = 188 mm

emin  0.05D  0.05  400

 20mm, e  emin (if e < emin, calculate new M* based on emin)


Ag   400 2  126 10 3 mm1
4
N u N * 800 10 3
   6.4MPa
Ag Ag 126 10 3
M u M* 150 10 3
   3MPa
Ag D Ag D 126 10 3  400 8N20

Assume concrete cover to centre of bars = 60 mm

400  2  60
g  0.7
400

From Chart 6.42 of the Concrete Design Handbook Spiral R10

 p  0.02  pmin  p  pmax  @ 300mm
Astotal  0.02 Ag  0.02 126 10 3
 2520mm 2

USE 8N20

Pitch of spiral: min 15d b , D (AS 3600 section [Link])


15  20  300 , 400 
 300mm

Spiral R10 @ 300mm