MONASH UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION YEAR
MUF0092 – FOUNDATION MATHEMATICS UNIT 2
FINAL EXAMINATION – PRACTICE PAPER (Advanced Version 2)
Reading Time: 15 minutes
Writing Time: 2 hours
Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Show full working in all questions. A formula sheet is
provided at the end of this paper. Approved graphics calculators are permitted.
Question 1
A survey of 200 students found that 120 study Mathematics, 80 study Physics, and 50 study both.
(a) Represent this information in a Venn diagram.
(b) Find the probability that a randomly chosen student studies at least one of the two subjects.
(c) Find the probability that a student studies Mathematics but not Physics.
(d) Are the events “studies Mathematics” and “studies Physics” independent? Justify your answer.
(e) If 30 students study neither subject, verify your results are consistent with the total sample size.
Question 2
A selection committee of 6 is to be formed from 5 men and 7 women.
(a) How many different committees can be formed?
(b) How many committees contain at least 4 women?
(c) Find the probability that a randomly selected committee contains more women than men.
(d) If one specific woman must always be included, how many possible committees exist?
Question 3
At a laptop factory, 55% of laptops are Model A and 45% are Model B. Of the Model A laptops, 8%
are defective. Of the Model B laptops, 12% are defective.
(a) Draw a tree diagram showing all outcomes.
(b) Find the probability that a randomly selected laptop is defective.
(c) Given that a laptop is defective, find the probability it is Model A.
(d) Interpret this result in context.
Question 4
The random variable X has the following probability distribution:
x 1 2 3 4 5
P(X=x) k 2k 3k 2k k
(a) Find k.
(b) Find E(X) and Var(X).
(c) Find Pr(2 ≤ X ≤ 4).
(d) Find the standard deviation of X.
Question 5
The table below shows the distribution of monthly electricity usage (kWh) for 60 households:
Usage (kWh) 100–199 200–299 300–399 400–499 500–599 600–699
Frequency 6 12 15 14 9 4
(a) Estimate the mean usage.
(b) Identify the modal class.
(c) Estimate the median usage.
(d) Explain whether the median or mean better represents the centre of this distribution.
Question 6
The heights of adult males in a town are normally distributed with mean 178 cm and standard
deviation 7 cm.
(a) Find the percentage of men taller than 185 cm.
(b) Find the height that separates the shortest 15% of men.
(c) Find the probability that a randomly selected man is between 172 cm and 188 cm.
(d) A random sample of 5 men is chosen. Find the probability that all are taller than 170 cm.
Question 7
A basketball player has a free-throw success rate of 0.72. She attempts 10 shots.
(a) Find the probability she makes exactly 8 shots.
(b) Find the probability she makes at least 9 shots.
(c) Find the expected number of successful shots and the standard deviation.
(d) Find the probability she makes fewer than 6 successful shots.
Question 8
The following data shows advertising expenditure ($000) and weekly sales ($000):
Expenditure (x) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Sales (y) 10 13 17 19 25 27 31
(a) Plot the scatter plot of y against x.
(b) Find the correlation coefficient, r.
(c) Find the least-squares regression equation of y on x.
(d) Predict sales when advertising expenditure is $11,000.
(e) Discuss whether extrapolation to $20,000 advertising is appropriate, and justify your reasoning.
Question 9
A rectangular garden is to be fenced on three sides (two widths and one length) using 60 metres of
fencing. The other length borders a wall and needs no fence.
(a) Express the area A in terms of the width x.
(b) Find the value of x that maximizes the area.
(c) Find the maximum area.
(d) Determine the dimensions if the area must be at least 400 m².
REFERENCE FORMULAS
Arithmetic Series: S■ = n/2 [2a + (n – 1)d]
Geometric Series: S■ = a(1 – r■)/(1 – r), for r ≠ 1
Probability: P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B); P(A′) = 1 – P(A)
Binomial: P(X = x) = nCx p■ (1 – p)■■■; E(X) = np; Var(X) = np(1 – p)
Normal Distribution: Z = (X – µ)/σ
Regression: y = a + bx; b = Σ(x – x■)(y – ■) / Σ(x – x■)²
Standard Deviation: s = √[Σ(x – x■)² / (n – 1)]
Optimization: For maximum/minimum, set derivative = 0 and test second derivative.
