CONTENTS

CONTENTS PAGE NO.

Abstract 2
1.0 Introduction 3
2.0 Objective of the study 3
3.0 Methodology 4
4.0 Analysis & results 6
5.0 Conclusion 12
References 13

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ABSTRACT

The design and analysis of continuous beams in multi-story frames are crucial to ensure structural
stability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness in construction. This study focuses on the design and
analysis of a continuous beam using ETABS software, a powerful tool for structural modeling and
analysis. The continuous beam spans across multiple supports, and the loads considered include
dead load, live load, and additional load combinations as per design codes. ETABS is utilized to
perform finite element analysis, providing an accurate representation of the bending moments,
shear forces, and deflection profiles of the beam under various loading conditions. The results are
then used to design the beam section, including the calculation of reinforcement and verification
of shear and flexural capacities, adhering to IS 456:2000 guidelines.

The study demonstrates the effectiveness of ETABS in simplifying the design process through its
advanced modeling features and integrated design capabilities. The software efficiently handles
complex load combinations and provides a clear visualization of the beam's performance under
realistic conditions. By integrating analysis and design, this approach ensures optimal material
utilization while maintaining structural safety and serviceability. The results of this study highlight
the importance of adopting advanced structural analysis tools like ETABS for the efficient design
of continuous beams in modern construction projects.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

The analysis of continuous beams is a fundamental aspect of structural engineering, ensuring

stability and safety in modern construction. Continuous beams span over multiple supports,
allowing for efficient load distribution and reduced material usage compared to simply supported
beams. These beams are subjected to various loads, including dead loads, live loads, and imposed
loads, which need to be analyzed for moments, shears, and deflections. With advancements in
computational tools, software like ETABS (Extended Three-Dimensional Analysis of Building
Systems) has become a preferred choice for structural analysis. ETABS offers a user-friendly
interface, advanced finite element modeling capabilities, and integration with international design
codes, making it an effective tool for analyzing continuous beams in multi-story frames.

In ETABS, the continuous beam is modeled as part of a larger structural system, allowing for the
inclusion of real-world conditions such as boundary constraints, support flexibility, and interaction
with other structural elements. The software facilitates the application of complex load
combinations as specified by design codes like IS 456:2000. The analysis involves determining
critical parameters such as bending moments, shear forces, and deflections under service and
ultimate load conditions. Additionally, ETABS provides detailed visualization of stress
distribution and deflection profiles, enabling engineers to optimize beam design for strength and
serviceability. By leveraging ETABS for continuous beam analysis, engineers can ensure precise
calculations, efficient material usage, and compliance with safety standards, streamlining the
overall design process.

2.0 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of this study is to analyze and design continuous beams in multi-story structures
using ETABS software, with the aim of ensuring structural efficiency, safety, and compliance with
design standards. The study focuses on performing a detailed analysis of continuous beams under
various loading conditions, including dead loads, live loads, and other imposed loads, to determine
critical parameters such as bending moments, shear forces, and deflection profiles. By utilizing the
advanced modeling and analysis capabilities of ETABS, the study seeks to optimize the design
process, ensuring the economical use of materials while maintaining structural safety and

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serviceability. Additionally, the study aims to validate the computational results through
comparison with manual calculations and provide practical reinforcement detailing for real-world
engineering applications. Ultimately, this research highlights the effectiveness of ETABS as a
comprehensive tool for the design and analysis of continuous beams in modern construction.

Question

Design a continuous beam of a multi-storey frame has four spans each of 5m. The characteristic
DL and LL are 8 kN/m and 12 kN/m. Use M30 concrete and Fe415 steel.

3.0 METHDOLOGY

Manual Analysis (AS per IS 456 )

1. Check preliminary dimension

2. Determine Loads:
➢ Calculate dead load (DL) and live load (LL) using structural dimensions.
➢ Apply load combinations as per IS 456 (1.5DL + LL for ULS).
3. Design bending moment & shear forces
4. Main reinforcements
5. Check for shear
6. Check for deflection control
7. Detailing

Software Analysis (AS per IS 456 )

1. Model the Structure:

➢ Open ETABS and create a new model.

➢ Define beam geometry (span length, supports, and cross-section dimensions).
➢ Specify material properties (M25 concrete, Fe415 steel) based on IS 456.

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2. Define Loads:

➢ Input dead loads (DL) and live loads (LL) as per the project requirements.
➢ Apply load combinations based on IS 456 (e.g., 1.5DL + LL for ultimate limit state).

3. Assign Supports:

➢ Apply boundary conditions (e.g., fixed, pinned) to the beam’s supports.

4. Mesh and Assign Loadings:

➢ Distribute loads on the beam spans.

➢ Ensure proper load distribution (uniform, point, or varying loads as needed).

5. Run Analysis:

➢ Perform static linear analysis to determine internal forces (bending moments, shear forces).
➢ ETABS automatically calculates bending moments, shear forces, and deflections for each
span.

6. Review Results:

➢ Check the analysis results for maximum bending moments, shear forces, and deflections.
➢ Validate the results against the permissible values from IS 456.

7. Design Reinforcement:

➢ Use the design tools in ETABS to design reinforcement for the beam according to IS
456:2000.
➢ Verify the required steel area for flexure and shear, and optimize the beam section.

8. Check Serviceability:

➢ Ensure that deflections do not exceed the permissible limits (e.g., L/250L/250L/250) as per
IS 456.

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9. Generate Reports:

➢ Review and generate design reports in ETABS, including reinforcement details, analysis
results, and design checks.

4.0 ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

Manual analysis

➢ DIMENSIONS:

As the load supported is very heavy,

Choose span/depth = 10 for better serviceability.

Effective depth = span /10 = 5000/10 = 500mm

Adopt overall depth D = 600mm with d= 550mm (cover to steel =50mm)

also, take b= 300mm

Cl. 22.2 not built integrally with the support, leff= 5m

➢ LOAD:

Self-weight of beam = 0.3*0.6*25 = 4.5 kN/m

Total DL = 8 + 4.5 = 12.5 kN/m

Design DL, 𝑊𝐷 = 1.5*16.75 = 18.75 kN/m

Design LL, 𝑊𝐿 = 1.5* 12 = 18 kN/m

➢ DESIGN BENDING MOMENTS SHEAR FORCES

-ve BM at interior support = Mu (-) = [𝑊𝐷 𝐿 2 /10 + 𝑊𝐿 𝐿 2 /9]

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= (18.75 * 5 *5) / 10+ (18 * 5 * 5) / 9 = 96.875 kNm

+ve BM at centre of span = Mu (+) =[𝑊𝐷 𝐿 2 /12 + 𝑊𝐿 𝐿 2 /10]

= ( 18.75 * 5 * 5 ) / 12+ ( 18 * 8 * 8 ) /10 = 84.06 kNm

Max. SF at support next to end support = =0.6 L [ 𝑊𝐷 + 𝑊𝐿 ]

= 0.6 * 5 * [ 18.75 + 18 ] = 110. 25 kN

Limiting moment of resistance (under refd), Mu,lim = 0.138fck b𝑑 2

= 0.138* 20* 300* 550 * 550 Nmm = 250.47 kNm

Model Creation

Fig no. 1 Model initialization

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Fig no. 2 Continuous beam with 4 spans

Fig no. 3 Concrete & rebar property

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Fig no. 4 Beam property data

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. Fig no. 5 Beam section property reinforcement data

Fig no. 6 Beam load assignment

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Fig no. 7 Beam load assignment – Plan view

Fig no. 8 Displacement due to dead load

Fig no. 9 Bending Moment diagram

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 Fig no.10 Shear force diagram

A key finding of the study is the observed differences between results obtained from manual
calculations and those generated by ETABS. These variations highlight the software’s precision in
addressing real-world complexities such as boundary conditions, support flexibility, and advanced
load distribution, which may not be fully accounted for in manual methods. While manual
calculations serve as a foundational check, the advanced computational methods used in ETABS
provide more detailed insights into structural performance, enhancing confidence in the design
outcomes. By integrating both approaches, the research demonstrates a comprehensive validation
process, combining traditional engineering principles with modern analytical techniques.
Additionally, the study provides detailed reinforcement design based on ETABS analysis,
showcasing the software’s ability to optimize safety, serviceability, and cost-effectiveness. This
integrated methodology reinforces the importance of adopting advanced tools like ETABS for
efficient and precise structural analysis and design in modern construction projects.

5.0 CONCLUSION

The study concludes that ETABS software is a highly effective and dependable tool for the analysis
and design of continuous beams in multi-story structures. By utilizing its advanced modeling
features and finite element analysis capabilities, ETABS simplifies the design process while
ensuring optimal material utilization and strict adherence to IS 456:2000 design standards. The
research highlights a notable comparison between manual calculations and ETABS-generated
results, revealing differences in the values obtained. These variations underscore the precision and
efficiency of ETABS in handling complex load combinations, boundary conditions, and structural
behaviors that may not be fully captured through manual methods. Despite these differences, the

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integration of manual and software-based approaches enhances the validation process, providing
a comprehensive understanding of structural performance. Furthermore, the study delivers
practical reinforcement detailing derived from ETABS, showcasing how the software streamlines
the optimization of structural safety, serviceability, and cost-efficiency, ultimately reinforcing its
value in modern construction projects.

REFERENCES

1. Nagaratna, B., and Maruthi, T. (2021). "Analysis and Design of G+3 Building
Using ETABS." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science,
11(8), 226–230.

2. Maruthi, T., and Nagaratna, B. (2021). "Analysis and Design of G+8 RCC
Building Using ETABS." International Journal of Research in Engineering and
Science, 11(5), 712–721.

3. Kumar, S., and Singh, R. (2019). "Continuous Beam Structural Analysis by FEM."
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 8(11), 1234–1240.

4. Patel, A., and Shah, M. (2021). "Analysis of Multi-Storied Building with

Prestressed Beam using ETABS." International Journal of Engineering Research
and Technology, 10(7), 567–573.

5. Kumar, R., and Verma, P. (2016). "An Innovative Approximate Method for
Analysis of Continuous Beams." International Journal of Civil Engineering and
Technology, 7(5), 234–242.

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