Model 2182A

Keithley Instruments
28775 Aurora Road
Nanovoltmeter Instrument Specifications
Cleveland, Ohio 44139
1-800-935-5595
[Link]

SPECIFICATION CONDITIONS
This document contains specifications and supplemental information for the Model 2182A Nanovoltmeter. Specifications are
the standards against which the 2182A is tested. Upon leaving the factory, the 2182A meets these specifications.
Supplemental and typical values are nonwarranted, apply at 23 °C (73 °F), and are provided solely as useful information.
Measurement accuracies are specified at the 2182A terminals under these conditions:
1. 23 °C ±5 °C, < 80 percent relative humidity
2. After a 2.5 hour warm-up period
3. Analog-to-digital autozero enabled

VOLTAGE SPECIFICATIONS
Conditions: 1 programmable logic controller (PLC) with 10 reading digital filter or 5 PLCs with 2 reading digital filters
Accuracy: ± (ppm of reading + ppm of range)
where: ppm = parts per million, for example, 10 ppm = 0.001 %

Channel 1 Resolution Input Accuracy

range resistance
Temperature
24 Hour 1 90 Day 1 Year 2 Year coefficient
TCAL ±1 °C TCAL ±5 °C TCAL ±5 °C TCAL ±5 °C 0 – 18 °C &
28°– 50 °C
10.000000 mV 2,3,4 1 nV > 10 GΩ 20 + 4 40 + 4 50 + 4 60 + 4 (1 + 0.5) / °C
100.00000 mV 10 nV > 10 GΩ 10 + 3 25 + 3 30 + 4 40 + 5 (1 + 0.2) / °C
1.0000000 V 100 nV > 10 GΩ 7+2 18 + 2 25 + 2 32 + 3 (1 + 0.1) / °C
10.000000 V 1 μV > 10 GΩ 2 + 15 18 + 2 25 + 2 32 + 3 (1 + 0.1) / °C
100.00000 V4 10 μV 10 MΩ ± 1 % 10 + 3 25 + 3 35 + 4 52 + 5 (1 + 0.5) / °C
Channel 2 6,7
100.00000 mV 10 nV > 10 GΩ 10 + 6 25 + 6 30 + 7 40 + 7 (1 + 1) / °C
1.0000000 V 100 nV > 10 GΩ 7+2 18 + 2 25 + 2 32 + 3 (1 + 0.5) / °C
10.000000 V 1 μV > 10 GΩ 2 + 15 18 + 2 25 + 2 32 + 3 (1 + 0.5) / °C
Channel 1 / channel 2 ratio:
For input signals ≥ 1 % of the channel 1 reading + channel 1 accuracy channel 1 reading
= −
range, ratio accuracy channel 2 reading − channel 2 accuracy channel 2 reading

1
Relative to calibration accuracy.
2
With analog filter on, add 20 ppm of reading to the listed specification.
3
When properly zeroed using the relative offset (REL) function. If REL is not used, add 100 nV to the range accuracy.
4
Specifications include the use of the ACAL function. If ACAL is not used, add 9 ppm of reading per degree Celsius from TCAL to the listed
specification. TCAL is the internal temperature stored during ACAL.
5
For 5 PLC with 2-reading digital filter. Use ± (4 ppm of reading + 2 ppm of range) for 1 PLC with 10-reading digital filter.
6
Channel 2 must be referenced to channel 1. Channel 2 HI must not exceed 125 % (referenced to channel 1 LO) of the range selected for
channel 2.
7
For low q mode on, add the following to DC noise and range accuracy at stated response time: 200 nV p-p at 25 s, 500 nV p-p at 4.0, 1.2 μV
p-p at 1 s, and 5 μV p-p at 85 ms.

Specifications are subject to change without notice

SPEC-2182A Rev. F / December 2016 *PSPEC-2182AF* 1 of 6
Model 2182A Instrument Specifications

Delta (hardware-triggered coordination with 24XX series or 622X series current sources for low noise R
measurement):
Accuracy = accuracy of selected channel 1 range + accuracy of I source range
Delta measurement noise with 6220 or 6221: Typical:
3 nVRMS
√Hz (10 mV range)8.
1 Hz achieved with 1 PLC, delay = 1 ms, RPT filter = 23 (20 if 50 Hz)
Pulse mode (with 6221): Line synchronized voltage measurements within current pulses from 50 µs to 12 ms, pulse
repetition rate up to 12 Hz
Pulse measurement noise: Typical RMS noise, RDUT < 10 Ω:
C
VRMS =
meas_time × �pulse_avg_count
Where:
meas_time (seconds) = pulse width – pulse_meas_delay in 33 µs increments
The constant C varies by range as follows:
• 10 mV range: 0.16 nV*s
• 100 mV range: 0.60 nV*s
• 1 V range: 2.2 nV*s
• 10 V range: 18 nV*s

DC NOISE PERFORMANCE 9
DC noise is expressed in volts peak-to-peak.
Response time is the time required for the reading to be settled in noise levels from a stepped input, 60 Hz operation.

Channel 1 NPLC, filter RANGE

response
time 10 mV 100 mV 1V 10 V 100 V NMRR 10 CMRR 11

25.0 s 5, 75 6 nV 12 25 nV 75 nV 750 nV 75 μV 110 dB 140 dB

4.0 s 5, 10 15 nV 55 nV 150 nV 1.5 μV 75 μV 100 dB 140 dB
1.0 s 1, 18 25 nV 175 nV 600 nV 2.5 μV 100 μV 95 dB 140 dB
667 ms 1, 10 or 5, 2 35 nV 250 nV 650 nV 3.3 μV 150 μV 90 dB 140 dB
60 ms 1, off 70 nV 300 nV 700 nV 6.6 μV 300 μV 60 dB 140 dB
Channel 26,7
25.0 s 5, 75 - 150 nV 200 nV 750 nV - 110 dB 140 dB
4.0 s 5, 10 - 150 nV 200 nV 1.5 μV - 100 dB 140 dB
1.0 s 1, 10 or 5, 2 - 175 nV 400 nV 2.5 μV - 90 dB 140 dB
85 ms 1, off - 425 nV 1 μV 9.5 μV - 60 dB 140 dB

8
Applies to measurements of room temperature resistances < 10 Ω, Isource range ≤ 20 µA.
9
Noise behavior using 2188 low thermal short after 2.5 hour warm-up. ± 1 °C. Analog filter off. Observation time = ten times the response time
or two minutes, whichever is less.
10
For LSYNC on, line frequency ± 0.1 %. If LSYNC Off, use 60 dB.
11
For 1 kΩ unbalance in LO lead. AC CMRR is 70 dB.
12
Guaranteed by design.
Specifications are subject to change without notice
SPEC-2182A Rev. F / December 2016 2 of 6
Model 2182A Instrument Specifications

VOLTAGE NOISE VS. SOURCE RESISTANCE

After 2.5 hour warm-up, ± 1 °C, 5 PLC, 2 minute observation time, channel 1 10 mV range only.
DC noise expressed in volts peak-to-peak.
Source resistance Noise Analog filter Digital filter
0Ω 6 nV Off 100
100 Ω 8 nV Off 100
1 kΩ 15 nV Off 100
10 kΩ 35 nV Off 100
100 kΩ 100 nV On 100
1 MΩ 350 nV On 100

TEMPERATURE (THERMOCOUPLES)
For channel 1 or channel 2, add 0.3 °C for external reference junction. Add 2 °C for internal reference junction.
Displayed in °C, °F, or °K. Accuracy based on ITS-90, exclusive of thermocouple errors.
Accuracy is 90 days / 1 year 23 °C ± 5 °C relative to simulated reference junction.
Type Range Resolution Accuracy
J -200 to +760 °C 0.001 °C ± 0.2 °C
K -200 to +1372 °C 0.001 °C ± 0.2 °C
N -200 to +1300 °C 0.001 °C ± 0.2 °C
T -200 to +400 °C 0.001 °C ± 0.2 °C
E -200 to +1000 °C 0.001 °C ± 0.2 °C
R 0 to +1768 °C 0.1 °C ± 0.2 °C
S 0 to +1768 °C 0.1 °C ± 0.2 °C
B +350 to +1820 °C 0.1 °C ± 0.2 °C

OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS 13,14 60 Hz (50 Hz) OPERATION

Function Digits Readings per PLCs
second
DCV channel 1, 7.5 3 (2) 5
channel 2, 7.5 15,16 6 (4) 5
thermocouple
6.516,17 18 (15) 1
6.516,17,18 45 (36) 1
5.515,16 80 (72) 0.1
4.5 15,16,19 115 (105) 0.01
Channel 1/channel 7.5 1.5 (1.3) 5
2, (ratio), delta with 7.515,16 2.3 (2.1) 5
24XX, scan
6.517 8.5 (7.5) 1
6.517,18 20 (16) 1
5.515 30 (29) 0.1
4.515 41 (40) 0.01
Delta with 622X 6.5 47 (40) 20 1

13 Speeds are for 60 Hz (50 Hz) operation using factory default operating conditions (*RST). Autorange off, display off, trigger delay = 0, analog output off.
14 Speeds include measurements and transfer into internal buffer. If analog filter is on, 4 readings per second, maximum.
15 Sample count = 1024, auto zero off.
16 For channel 2 low q mode on, reduce reading rate by 30 %.
17 For L
SYNC on, reduce reading rate by 15 %.
18 Front auto zero off, auto zero off.
19 10 mV range, 80 readings per second, maximum.

Specifications are subject to change without notice

SPEC-2182A Rev. F / December 2016 3 of 6
Model 2182A Instrument Specifications

SYSTEM SPEEDS13,21
Range change time14 < 40 ms (< 50 ms)

Function change time14 < 45 ms (< 55 ms)

Autorange time14 < 60 ms (< 70 ms)

ASCII reading to RS-232 (19.2K baud) 40 per second (40 per second)

Maximum internal trigger rate19 120 per second (120 per second)

Maximum external trigger rate19 120 per second (120 per second)

MEASUREMENT CHARACTERISTICS
A-D linearity ± (0.8 ppm of reading + 0.5 ppm of range)

Front autozero off error 10 mV – 10 V: Add ± (8 ppm of reading +

(Offset voltage error does not apply 500 μV) for < 10 minutes and ± 1 °C
for delta mode)

Autozero off error 10 mV: Add ± (8 ppm of reading + 100 nV) for
(Offset voltage error does not apply < 10 minutes and ± 1 °C
for delta mode)
100 mV – 100 V: Add ± (8 ppm of reading +
10 μV) for < 10 minutes and ± 1 °C

Input impedance 10 mV – 10 V: > 10 GΩ, in parallel with <

1.5 nF (front filter on)

10 mV – 10 V: > 10 GΩ, in parallel with <

0.5 nF (front filter off)

100 V: 10 MΩ ± 1 %

DC input bias current 22 < 60 pA @ 23 °C, –10 V to 5 V < 120 pA @

23 °C, 5 V to 10 V

Common mode current < 50 nA p-p at 50 Hz or 60 Hz

Input protection 150 V peak to any terminal, 70 V peak

channel 1 LO to channel 2 LO

Channel isolation > 10 GΩ

Earth isolation 350 V peak, > 10 GΩ and < 150 pF any

terminal to earth. Add 35 pF/ft with Model
2107 Low Thermal Input Cable

20
Display off, delay 1 ms.
21
Auto Zero Off, NPLC = 0.01.
22
Analog filter on, digital filter on.
Specifications are subject to change without notice
SPEC-2182A Rev. F / December 2016 4 of 6
Model 2182A Instrument Specifications

ANALOG OUTPUT
Maximum output ± 1.2 V

Accuracy ± (0.1 % of output + 1 mV)

Output resistance 1 kΩ ± 5 %

Gain Adjustable from 10-9 to 106; with gain set to 1, a full range
input will produce a 1 V output

Output rel Selects the value of input that represents 0 V at output; the
reference value can be either a programmed value or the
value of the previous input

TRIGGERING AND MEMORY

Window filter sensitivity 0.01 %, 0.1 %, 1 %, 10 %, or full scale range (none)

Reading hold sensitivity 0.01 %, 0.1 %, 1 %, or 10 % of reading

Trigger delay 0 to 99 hours (1 ms step size)

External trigger delay 2 ms + < 1 ms jitter with auto zero off, trigger delay = 0

Memory size 1024 readings

MATH FUNCTIONS
Rel, min/max/average/standard deviation/peak-to-peak (of stored reading), limit test, percentage, and mX+b with
user-defined units displayed

REMOTE INTERFACE
Keithley 182 emulation
GPIB (IEEE-488.2) and RS-232C
SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments)

Specifications are subject to change without notice

SPEC-2182A Rev. F / December 2016 5 of 6
Model 2182A Instrument Specifications

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Power supply 100 V / 120 V / 220 V / 240 V

Line frequency 50 Hz, 60 Hz, and 400 Hz, automatically sensed at power-up

Power consumption 22 VA

Magnetic field density 10 mV range 4.0 s response noise tested to 500 gauss

Operating environment Specified for 0 °C to 50 °C; specified to 80 % relative

humidity at 35 °C

Storage environment -40 °C to 70 °C

EMC Complies with European Union EMC Directive

Safety Complies with European Union Low Voltage Directive

Vibration MIL-T-28800E Type III, Class 5

Warm-up 2.5 hours to rated accuracy

Dimensions Rack mounting: 89 mm high x 213 mm wide x 370 mm deep

(3.5 in. x 8.375 in. x 14.563 in.)

Bench configuration (with handles and feet): 104 mm high

x 238 mm wide x 370 mm deep (4.125 in. x 9.375 in. x
14.563 in.)

Shipping weight 5 kg (11 lb)

Specifications are subject to change without notice

SPEC-2182A Rev. F / December 2016 6 of 6