What is programming?
Just like we use Nepali or English to communicate with each other,
we use a programming language like python to communicate with
the computer.
Programming is a way to instruct the computer to perform various
tasks.
Introduction to Python
Python is one of the most popular programming languages.
It’s simple to use, packed with features and supported by a
wide range of libraries and frameworks. Its clean syntax
makes it beginner-friendly.
Libraries: A Python library is a collection of related
modules. It contains bundles of code that can be used
repeatedly in different programs.
Frameworks: a framework is a collection of modules,
packages, and tools that provide a standardized structure
and a set of pre-written components to facilitate the
development of applications
01 02 03
A high-level language, used in Known for its readability, Backed by library support, so
web development, data science, which means code is easier to we don’t have to build
automation, AI and more. write, understand and everything from scratch,
maintain. there’s probably a library that
already does what we need.
Write your first python program
Print your name using print()
function:
same like print(“Hello
world”)
Output is appeared like
Hello world.
print() is a built-in Python function
that instructs the computer to
display text on the screen.
Comments in python
Anything after a # symbol is a comment
Comments in Python can be used to explain any program
code.
It can also be used to hide the code as well.
They are useful for explaining code to human readers.
# This is single line comment.
’’’This is
multiline
comment.’’’
Modules in Python
A module is the file containing code written by somebody else (usually)
which can be imported and used in our programs.
You can use pip to install module:
-> pip install module_name
Install one module and use it.
Python Variables
A variable is a named memory location in which we can store
values for the particular program.
In Python, variables are used to store data that can be
referenced and manipulated during program execution.
A variable is essentially a name that is assigned to a value.
rules for naming variables:
• Variable names can be a group of both letters and digits, but
they have to begin with a letter or an underscore.
• It is recommended to use lowercase letters for variable name.
‘SUM’ and ‘sum’ both are two different variables.
Variable Declaration in Python
Assign single value to multiple variables:
x = y = z = 50
Assign multiple values to multiple
variables:
a, b, c = 80, 90, 100
Delete a Variable Using del
Keyword:
→ del x
Data Types in python
In general, Data Types specifies what type of data will be stored
in variables. Variables can hold values of different data types
Type conversion:
Python provides Explicit type conversion functions to directly convert one
data type to another. It is also called as Type Casting in Python
Python supports following functions:
1. int (): This function convertsany data type to integer.
2. float(): This function is used to convert any data type to a floating point
number.
3. str() : This function is used to convertany data type to a string.
Input and Output in Python
Understanding input and output operations is fundamental to
Python programming. With the print() function, we can display
output in various formats, while the input() function enables
interaction with users by gathering input during program execution.
Taking input in Python
Python's input() function is used to take user input. By
default, it returns the user input in form of a string.
name = input("Enter your name: ")
print(name)
Operators
Python operators are special symbols or keywords that
perform operations on variables and values.
They are categorized into several types:
1. Arithmetic Operators:
These perform mathematical calculations.
+ (Addition)
- (Subtraction)
* (Multiplication)
/ (Division)
% (Modulus - remainder of division)
** (Exponentiation - raised to the power of)
// (Floor Division - division that rounds down to the nearest whole
number)
2. Assignment Operators:
These assign values to variables, often combining an operation and assignment.
= (Assigns value)
+=, -=, *=, /=, %=, **=, //= (Combine an arithmetic operation with assignment)
3. Comparison Operators:
These compare two values and return a Boolean result (True or False).
== (Equal to)
!= (Not equal to)
> (Greater than)
< (Less than)
>= (Greater than or equal to)
<= (Less than or equal to)
4. Logical Operators:
These combine conditional statements and return a Boolean result.
and (Returns True if both conditions are True)
or (Returns True if at least one condition is True)
not (Reverses the Boolean state of a condition)
5. Identity Operators:
These check if two variables refer to the exact same object in memory.
is (Returns True if both variables point to the same object)
is not (Returns True if both variables do not point to the same object)
6. Membership Operators:
These test whether a value exists within a sequence (like a string, list, or tuple).
in (Returns True if a value is found in the sequence)
not in (Returns True if a value is not found in the sequence)
Let’s Practice
write a Program to input 2 numbers & print their sum.
WAP to input side of a square & print its area.
WAP to input 2 floating point numbers & print their average.
WAP to input 2 int numbers, a and b. Print True if a is greater than or equal to b. If not print False
Ask the user for their name and age, then display a welcome message.
Take two numbers as input and display their sum, difference, product, and quotient.
Ask the user for their age in years and convert it to months. (Assignment)
