1

Lesson 1: Pedagogical content knowledge and Its application across

the curriculum

Observation

A. Write down the information asked in the table below and answer the succeeding questions
based on your observation.

Name of Teacher: Mrs. Nonie Laugo Malitao

Date and Time of Observation: November 6, 2023 at 7:30 am - 4:00 pm
Graduated in Divine World College with the
Educational Background: course of Bachelor of Elementary Education and
currently teaching at San Pilot Elementary School
(Grade 2-Guava)
Assigned Grade and Section: Grade II-Guava
Assigned Subject/s: All subjects except Science
• Performance Review and In-Service
Training
Relevant Training Attended:

1. Are the teacher’s background and qualifications aligned with the subject/s he or she is assigned to
teach?
Yes, since she graduated as Bachelor of Elementary Education 2. Does
he or she use the K to 12 curriculum guides in preparing a lesson plan?
Yes
3. Does he or she consider the learner’s prior knowledge in designing a lesson plan?
Yes
4. Does he or she use varied teaching strategies to deliver the subject matter?
Yes
5. Does he or she use varied teaching strategies to deliver the subject matter?
Yes

B. Check the box that corresponds to your class observations. Write your remarks in the
rightmost column.

Indicators Observed Not Observed Remarks

1. Explains the subject The teachers make
matter sure to clearly explain
a. Clearly the lesson so that the
b. Accurately students can grasp it.
c. Comprehensively
2. Relates the subject The teachers can recall
matter with previous the lesson and apply it
lessons that have been to situations that have
taught or future happened or will
lessons to be taught happen in real life.
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3. Presents facts, Students were

theories, and instructed using the
concepts to support appropriate theories
the validity of and concepts that
content

were pertinent to the

subject.
4. Manifests They accept all of their
understanding of the student's responses.
learners’ background
in relation to the
subject matter

5. Utilizes appropriate Teachers approached

pedagogical their students and
strategies in the discussed the lesson
delivery of the with them in a strategic
subject matter way.
6. Integrates We now have online
appropriate classes, so the teacher
technology tools makes use of some
specific to the technology to aid in
subject matter to be teaching the students.
taught

7. Promotes inquiry – Teachers always asked

based learning to their students if they
develop higher order understood their
thinking skills discussion well or if
and/or21st century they still had
skills
questions about it.
8. Uses appropriate The teachers genuinely
languages to make use language that can
subject matter aid in the topic's
delivery more understanding by their
comprehensive students.

9. Shows skills in the use We currently have a

of information and pandemic, so in order
communications for the students and
technologies (ICT) to teachers to cope with
facilitate teaching the situation and easily
and learning understand the lesson,
they rely on
technology.
10. Use effective verbal When instructing their
and non – verbal students, the teacher
forms of always used some
communication gestures and
strategies to promote appropriate verbal
meaningful learning communication.

Other Comments:
 The instructor did a great job of overcoming her subjects. She exudes enough confidence to
respond to questions after giving her lesson. All things considered, the teacher was quite
knowledgeable about the subjects she was covering and was able to give her students all the
information they required.
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Processing

A. Based on what you have observed in the class, explain the importance of the different kinds
of knowledge.

1. Content Knowledge
 I saw that the instructor had sufficient subject-matter expertise to ensure that her
students understood the course. The cooperating teacher has prepared for her presentation
by giving her students some information and examples. Knowing the main focus of the
lesson and its supporting points is crucial to the instructor, they have the ability to
develop a student that is eager to learn from them.
2. Pedagogical Knowledge
 To support her argument, she includes some video and pictures, which is great. By
probing her students, she ensures that they are aware of her subject. Additionally, the
teacher might impart her expertise on the subject to the pupil through practice. Because
of this, her lesson featured the pedagogical knowledge. It's crucial because they will
create a democratic learning atmosphere where everyone will have a range of
perspectives.

3. Curricular Knowledge
 She shares in class and is conscious of what she is doing. Everyone can see backup
pictures in the way she speaks. The significance of this curriculum knowledge is that it
will act as a roadmap and compass for the teacher's teaching career. Even if I didn't
notice very much in a short period of time, perhaps the lesson is to only pay attention to
one crucial aspect.

B. What do you think were the strategies used by the teacher to enrich his or her mastery of
subject matter?
 Cooperative learning was used by the teacher to motivate her students to take part in both
wholegroup and small-group discussions. To differentiate education for her students, she also
created tasks based on their abilities. She also incorporated technology so that her students could
use games and activities to complete a variety of tasks. She also employed an interactive
technique that enabled a Q&A session between the teacher and the students.

C. What do you think were the strategies used by the teacher to enrich his or her pedagogical
knowledge?
 Her educational knowledge was aided by the teacher's use of a constructivist approach. She thinks
that by continuously sharing her life experiences with her students, she can encourage them to
relate her lessons to their own experiences and prior learning. She frequently highlights how
respectful and attentive the students are in class. Instead of just listening to what I say, they will
actively engage and participate in class, and I will only serve as a facilitator of learning in our
classroom.

D. What do you think were the strategies used by the teacher to enrich his or her curricular
knowledge?
 She asserts that she employs visualization, highlighting the significance of the topic as well as the
tools and activities that can improve her students' learning experiences. She gave the subject
careful thought in order to present it in a pleasant, understandable, and persuasive way.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that:
 In order to effectively communicate the subject matter, teachers must possess the
necessary expertise to improve their lessons' effectiveness, efficiency, and
understandability.
2. I believe that:
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 In order to develop effective lesson plans, i should investigate additional teaching

methods and gain more knowledge about how to implement the K–12 curriculum
guide. When we start teaching, this will really be unique.
3. I feel that:
 When the time comes for us to teach elementary grades, there will be more
challenges that I will face and encounter because I do believe that failures give us
hope, learning, and the ability to make things right, which I can apply when I'm
already in the field of teaching. I will therefore begin to accept failures moving
forward.
4. When I become a teacher, I will:
 Be more flexible in all facets of instruction. When creating the lesson plan, I will
take the students' prior knowledge into account, and I will work hard to hone my
facilitation skills.
LESSON 2: Research- Based Instruction and principles of Teaching
and Learning

Observation

A. Answer the following question based on you class observation.

1. Does, the school promote research culture among the teacher? How?
 Yes, as we all know, instructors encourage their students to learn about the world through
research. Because of their researchers, they have the chance to spread the word about various
cultures, and as a result, our capacity to adapt our culture will be reflected in the instructors'
ability to reproduce the culture via their study. Additionally, the study they conducted will
provide a method or instrument we may utilize to promote our culture.

2. Do, the teacher undertake research activities to enhance their pedagogical content
knowledge? What are these activities?
 They must since it is our duty as educators to advance pedagogical content knowledge for
future uses. These actions can guarantee that we are committed to our education. Similar to how
we teach, we often do research to learn more about how to modify the learning experience and to
find ways to make it better.

3. Are, the teacher aware of the standards, principles, and pedagogical approach behind K-12
curriculum?
 The teachers know about the rules, beliefs, and teaching methods of the K-12 curriculum
because it is their job to understand it. Because the curriculum is new, they need to spend some
time getting to know it before they can teach it to the students. By comprehending the underlying
principles, they will be equipped with a clear understanding of their instructional objectives and
the content they need to convey.

4. Do, the teacher integrate research findings, empirical evidence and support validity of
content to be taught? How?
 Educators are obligated to integrate research findings, empirical evidence, and theories in
order to substantiate the validity of the content they teach. By incorporating these elements into
their teaching practices, educators can observe the outcomes, whether positive or negative. The
mere act of implementation provides sufficient evidence for educators to align their teaching
methods with the subject matter at hand.

5. Do the teachers use varied teaching approaches based on K-12 curriculum priority? How?
 In the process of educating learners, it is imperative for teachers to employ diverse approaches
in order to gauge their preferences and dislikes. For instance, if learners desire authenticity, the
teacher may utilize a constructivist or learner-centered approach that aligns with their needs. This
approach prioritizes the learners' needs and encourages them to perform at their best, as they are
engaged in a method that resonates with their learning style. Ultimately, this approach facilitates
effective learning outcomes.
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B. Check (/) the box that corresponds to your class observation. You may write comments in the
Remarks column.
Indicators Observed Not Observed Remarks
1. Administers The instructor
diagnostic exam to administers a quiz prior
assess the student’s to engaging in a
prior knowledge discussion on the
upcoming topic.
2. Prepares a lesson The instructor
based on the student’s strategically tailors her
needs lesson plan to
accommodate the
diverse learning styles of
her students.
3. Relates the topic to The instructor inquires
the student’s interest in about the students'
order to motivate areas of interest that are
learners relevant to the subject
matter.
4. Contextualizes the The teacher possesses
content of the lesson knowledge of her
according to students’ students' backgrounds,
background which enables her to
create and contextualize
the lesson content
effectively.
5. Articulates a clear set The teacher sets forth
of learning objectives her goals that address
the affective, cognitive,
and psychomotor
domains.
6. Provides varied The teacher's lesson
activities to support plan incorporates a
learning objectives diverse range of
learning activities to
cater to the various
learning styles exhibited
by the students.
7. Draws on relevant The instructor
bodies of knowledge to effectively establishes a
make the lesson more connection between the
relevant subject matter and
reallife experiences,
thereby rendering it
highly pertinent.
8. Reflects on teaching The teacher employs
methodology and strategies that she is
strategies used for aware of as being
effectiveness effective for the specific
type of learners under
her guidance.
9. Examines the The teacher administers
student’s previous assessments and
performance to modify evaluates them against
learning objectives and prior outcomes to
content of the lesson, develop a proficient
including the teaching curriculum for her
strategy used pupils.
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10. Aligns assessment The teacher gets

tasks and instructional everything ready, with
activities with the tasks and activities that
learning objectives match her learning
goals as mentioned in
her lesson plan.

C. What are the research- based instructional strategies applied by the cooperating teacher?
Write your answer in the space below.

The cooperative teacher/practice teacher implemented the following strategies in a proficient manner:
1.) They demonstrated a strong ability to acquire relevant knowledge about the students and
effectively utilized this knowledge to inform their course design and classroom teaching. It was evident
that they possessed the capability to share knowledge with the learners, as observed through their
application of instructional strategies.
2.) They successfully aligned the three major components of instruction - learning objectives,
assessment, and instructional activities - within the teaching and learning process of each individual.
The practice teacher displayed thorough preparation and exhibited the ability to effectively share their
knowledge with the learners. Additionally, the cooperative teachers contributed valuable insights on
certain topics that the practice teacher may have overlooked.
As an observer, it was pleasing to witness the learners actively engaged in the instructional
activities. However, it should be noted that their attendance was not consistently high. While the
instructional strategies employed by the practice teacher were effective for the learners, I personally did
not find her teaching style to be particularly appealing.

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following question based on what you observed in the class.

1. How do research- based instructional strategies enrich the pedagogical knowledge of

teachers?
 Research-based instructional strategies enhance teachers' pedagogical content knowledge by
investigating and exploring effective pedagogical strategies for the learning and teaching process.
This provides an opportunity for teachers to collaborate and explore essential elements for
successful teaching. Ultimately, these new instructional strategies will greatly benefit future
educators and contribute to positive educational outcomes.

2. How do research-based instructional strategies affect the students learning?

 The implementation of research-based instructional strategies has a significant impact on
student learning. The efficacy of a given strategy can greatly influence the learners' experience.
Conversely, when a strategy is effective, both the teacher and students benefit. The teacher is
satisfied with the outcome, and the students are more likely to be actively engaged in the learning
process, as they recognize the value of the strategy.
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3. What are the things that the teachers need to do in order to improve their skills?
 In order to enhance their research skills, teachers should engage in activities such as
exploration, investigation, and discovery. Exploration is crucial as it allows them to familiarize
themselves with the best practices and pitfalls of researchers, enabling them to make informed
decisions. Investigation is essential for creating novel and relevant contributions that align with
future objectives.

Reflection

Complete the following statements.

1. I Realized that:
 Being a teacher entails conducting research to ensure the future success of the learners. It is
crucial for teachers to possess the flexibility necessary to effectively engage with their students
and employ various approaches that cater to their individual needs and desires. The opportunity
for teachers to impart their knowledge to the learners is just as vital as their exploration and
discovery of effective teaching strategies. Consequently, the teaching and learning process
becomes enjoyable and fosters the development of exceptional learners.

2. I believed that:
 Every educator must possess the necessary preparedness to effectively engage in the teaching
and learning process with their students. This level of preparedness is crucial in order to establish
a productive and enjoyable classroom environment. In the current educational landscape, learners
have a strong desire for content that is personally appealing to them, and they are easily
susceptible to various distractions. Therefore, it is imperative for teachers to acknowledge and
address these factors in order to ensure optimal student outcomes.

3. I feel that:
 Conducting research can be a challenging endeavor; however, with your expertise and
proficiency, we have the ability to shape it according to our preferences and disseminate it among
fellow educators. If successful, this endeavor would greatly benefit all individuals, particularly
our co-educators. Researchers play a pivotal role in society, particularly in the context of the 21st
century, where novel curricula and strategies are being implemented. By actively engaging in
research, you will cultivate a sense of independence as an educator, as you will be able to adapt to
changes autonomously.

4. When I become a teacher, I will:

 Conduct research on the future of learners as being a teacher entails both honor and
responsibility. It is imperative for us to generate and uncover novel approaches in order to
provide valuable contributions. This endeavor will greatly benefit the community and fellow
educators. It is noteworthy that the society and the institution you are affiliated with will take
pride in the success of your research.
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LESSON 3: Positive Use of Information and Communication

Technology

Observation

A. Familiarize yourself with ICT facilities and tools for teaching and learning check (/) in the
box the following items are available. Provide a description for each of them in the right
column.

ICT Facilities and Available Not Available Description

Tools
Computer lab/ A location were a
Computer Room particular community,
students, can access a
computer.

Audio- Visual Room A space where students

from all classes can
utilize audio and visual
materials to learn
effectively.

Laptop/Desktop A laptop is a portable

personal computer that
can be used in many
different contexts,
including for works
school, and other
activities.
Printer An external hardware
output device known as
a printer converts
digital data stored on a
computer or other
device into a hard
copy.
Scanner An apparatus that scans
paper documents and
turns them into digital
data.
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LCD Projector A kind of video

projector that shows a
broad range of
pictures, video, data.
Etc. on the screen.
Audio Equipment Devices that play back
recorded sounds are
referred to here. It
consist of equipment
like microphones,
amplifiers, mixing
consoles, etc.
LCD/LED TV Liquid crystals display
and light emitting
Diode.
Internet Access Act of connecting to
the internet through
computers and other
internet enabled
devices is known as
internet access.
Computer Hard Usually internal to a
drives and Storage computer and
Device (ex. Compact connected directly to a
disc, Flash motherboard’s disk
drive/USB, portable controller.
drive)
Tablets, Mobile Devices designed for
Phones or other portability are used in
Mobile devices every type of office or
commercial setting.
Others:

B. Interview the cooperating teacher. Ask the Following question.

1. Does the school have specific ICT policies and standards?

 Yes, the ICT standards and policies are given to the teacher therefore, they can take
care of the tools and prevent misuse.

2. Are the teacher aware of the school’s ICT policies and standards?
 Yes, teachers are aware of the rules and regulations. The fact that they are frequently
inspected to determine how they are utilizing various ICT technologies in their
classes, especially when it comes to managing students in online classes.

3. Does the school provide ICT training for teachers?

 Teachers do indeed have everything they require. For the time being, they have
allowed students to use smart tablets if they don't have access to gadgets or
smartphones at home.

4. Does their school provide the necessary ICT and digital to the teaching and learning
activities?
 Yes, teachers did hold a webinar on this subject, specifically how they used the ICT
tools at their disposal and the elements that are crucial when offering online courses
to students.

5. Are the students provided with equal opportunity to use the computer and digital
technologies?
 They really offered. Not all students can access computers or other devices to use in
an online class during this teaching-learning process. In accordance with their
availability and financial situation, they are given the chance to use their ICT
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learning tools. In fact, they prepared a room just for them and let them use the
computers so they could concentrate on their online classes.

6. Are the teacher knowledgeable on how to operate a laptop/computer and digital

technologies for teaching and learning?
 Yes, teachers are aware of how to use these technologies for learning, and as
educators, it is our duty to implement this style of system that uses technology as one
of the teaching tools. They have an application for communicating with students
during online learning and also, have attended a webinar on the subject.

Others comments and Observations:

Regarding ICT facilities, it can be asserted that San Jose Pilot Elementary School is
adequately equipped and possesses the capacity to seamlessly incorporate ICT into the
pedagogical process.

C. Check (/) the box that corresponds to what you observed in class. Write remarks in the last
column.

Competencies Observed Not Observed Remarks

Domain 1:
Understanding ICT in
Education
Demonstrates The teacher is
awareness of policies cognizant of the ICT
affecting ICT in policies that have
education been put in place by
the educational
institution.
Complies with ICT The teacher
policies as they affect incorporates in ICT
teaching-learning policies that have the
potential to impact
the teaching and
learning process.
Contextualizes ICT
policies to the Satisfied
learning environment
Domain 2: Curriculum
and Assessment
Demonstrates an The integration of
understanding of ICT systems into the
concepts, principles, teaching-learning
and theories of ICT process allows the
systems as they apply teacher to effectively
to teaching-learning demonstrate various
concepts, principles,
and theories.
Evaluates digital and The teacher employs
non-digital learning a combination of
resources in response digital and nondigital
to students’ diverse learning materials to
needs accommodate the
diverse needs of her
students.
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Develops digital The PowerPoint

learning resources to presentations utilized
enhance in the
teachinglearning teachinglearning
process are created
by the teacher
herself.
Uses ICT as a tool to The educator
develop 21st century incorporates ICT
skills: Information, tools into her
Media, and technology teaching methods in
Skills, order to enhance the
Learning and
development of her
Innovation skills. Life students' skills
and career Skills, and
required for the 21st
effective
Communication skills. century.

Domain 3: Pedagogy
Applies relevant The teacher employs
technology tools for multimedia tools that
classroom activities are suitable for
facilitating classroom
activities.
Uses ICT knowledge The teacher employs
to solve complex her ICT proficiency
problems and support to provide assistance

student collaborative and guidance in

activities resolving lexical
difficulties and
promoting
collaborative
endeavors.
Model’s collaborative The educator
knowledge provides support and
construction in faceto- guidance to her
face and virtual students regarding the
environments significance of
working together and
the value it holds.
Domain 4: Technology
Tools
Demonstrates The instructor
competence in the possesses the ability
technical operation of to control and utilize
technology tools and digital tools during
system as they apply the process of
to teaching and teaching and learning.
learning
Uses technology tools The teacher
to create new learning effectively
opportunities to incorporates various
support communities technological tools to
of learners introduce new
concepts to her
students.
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Demonstrates The teacher

proficiency in the use possesses a high level
of technology tools to of expertise in
support teaching and utilizing
learning technological tools to
enhance the process
of teaching and
learning.
Domain 5: Organization
and administration
Manages technology- By utilizing
assisted instruction in technology-based
an inclusive classroom instructional
environment techniques, the
teacher fosters an
inclusive
environment in the
classroom.
Exhibits leadership in
shared decisionmaking Satisfied
using technology tools

Domain 6: Teacher
Professional Learning
Explores existing and The teacher employs
emerging technology a variety of tools,
to acquire additional both digital and
content and nondigital, to scaffold
pedagogical her expertise in the
knowledge. subject matter and
instructional
techniques.
Utilizes technology The educator employs
tools in creating digital resources to
communities of cultivate a
practice collaborative
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learning environment.

Collaborative with The teacher is

peers, Colleagues, and actively seeking
stakeholders to access assistance from all
information in support members of the
of professional community to gather
learning information that will
contribute to their
professional
development.
Domain 7: Teacher
Disposition
Demonstrates social, The teacher
ethical, and legal consistently
responsibilities in the demonstrates
use of technology awareness of her
tools and resources obligations when
utilizing technology
tools and resources.
Shows positive The teacher
attitude towards the consistently
use of technology demonstrates
tools enthusiasm whenever
she incorporates
technological tools
into the teaching and
learning process.

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following question based on what you have observed in the class.
1. What are the problems or challenges in integrating ICT in teaching and learning?

 I just used what was available because one of the most frequent difficulties we ran into when
integrating ICT into the teaching-learning process was the lack of ICT materials. Second, due to
the limited number of ICT teachers we have, we divided the time so that the ICT teachers could
support all of the teachers leading online classes. Finally, one of the issues we've encountered is the
internet connection, which affects both the teacher and the other students.

2.
What are the challenges encountered by the students in using ICT tools and other form for digital
technology?

Due to the pandemic, students must adjust to the new normal, which is the online class. Of
course, not all students have access to a stable internet, and occasionally they are unable to attend
class due to internet connection issues. This is one of the challenges that students face when using
ICT tools and other digital technologies. Additionally, they sometimes speak in a choppy manner
when they first enter the classroom, making it difficult for them to hear what the teacher is saying.
Additionally, they frequently leave meetings they are attending because of their unstable internet
connection.

3.
In what domains of ICT competency standards for teacher do teacher need improvement? Why?
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 The teacher should focus on enhancing their ICT competency in domain 1: Understanding ICT
in education. This is because, during the observation, there were instances where the teacher faced
difficulties in applying ICT policies to the learning environment.

4. How will you promote the positive use of ICT to your students?
 In order to improve access to education in the 21st century, I will increase learner motivation and
engagement in ICT use by giving them access to videos, images, charts, and other tools that allow
them to express their original thoughts and foster their ability to use imagination to produce new
things. And as a future teacher, I'll make sure that students are motivated to learn by giving them
original ICT-based strategies. Make learning active for them so they can develop their critical
thinking abilities by reading information online.

Reflection

Complete the following statements:

1. I realized that:
o In order to become a prospective educator, it is imperative to possess technological
proficiency as printed assignments and conventional grade calculations have become less
prevalent due to the prevalence of laptops and computers. To prevent falling behind our
students, who are just starting to explore and employ information and communication
technology (ICT), teachers must demonstrate adaptability and creativity.

2. I believed that:
o By exercising caution and critical thinking before engaging with social media or any
other ICT platform, we could enhance our proficiency as ICT users and reduce our
vulnerability to biased or fabricated news. If we could learn to utilize technology in a
secure manner, there are numerous methods in which it could aid us.

3. I feel that:
o The progress in information and communication technologies has led to the
simplification of various tasks, ranging from students' assignments to instructor
responsibilities. The support of ICT has enabled our world to enhance people's lives by
facilitating job and lifestyle changes, as well as advancements in the education system in
the Philippines. In the current 21st-century learning environment, it is imperative for
both students and teachers to possess computer literacy skills.

4. When I become a teacher, I will:

o Keeping up with the times requires proficiency in utilizing ICT. Nowadays, ICT is
intertwined with various aspects of our lives, including the creation of instructional
materials such as PowerPoint Presentations. Furthermore, being able to connect with
millennial students and incorporating ICT in educational settings is essential for
providing effective ICT-based learning opportunities.
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LESSON 4: Strategies for Promoting Literacy and Numeracy

Observation

A. For each given domain, write down the literacy strategies used by cooperating teacher
during you class observation.

Observation Strategies
1. Oral language ▪Provide visual organizers
▪Group reading
▪Oral reading
2. Phonological Awareness ▪Introduce rhyming words
▪Using hand clapping in syllabication
3. Book and print Knowledge ▪ Using big books
▪ Labeling the objects inside the classroom
4. Alphabet And word Recognition Singing songs
5. Phonics And Words Recognition ▪ Using contextual clues
▪ Repeat reading
▪ Using pictures
▪ Using chart
6. Fluency ▪Guided Oral reading
▪ Repeated reading
7. spelling ▪ Spelling Bee/Quiz
▪ Creating puzzle
▪ Using flashcards
8. writing and composition ▪ Essay writing
▪ Journal writing
▪ Writing reflections
9. Grammar Awareness and Structure ▪Sentence construction
10. Vocabulary Development ▪ Using flashcards
▪ Creating vocabulary notebooks
▪ Semantic mapping
11. Reading Comprehension ▪ Repeat reading
▪ Identifying the main idea of the written
words/sentences
▪ Previewing/Using prior knowledge
12. Listening Comprehension ▪ Using audio materials
▪ Identifying the main idea of the listened
words/sentences

B. Write down the numeracy strategies used by the cooperating teacher during your classroom
observation in the following subjects.

Subejects Strategies
1. Language (English/Filipino/Mother tongue) Using flashcards
▪ Using pictures
▪ Do drills
 16

2. Mathematics Repetition
▪ Collaborative work
▪ Use games
▪ Sing songs
▪ Using manipulative toys/tools
3. Science Gathering data
Processing data through calculation,
tabulation, and graphing skills ▪
Analyzing and interpreting data
4. History/Araling Panlipunan/Social Studies Gathering data
▪ Processing data through calculation,
tabulation, and graphing skills ▪
Analyzing and interpreting data
5. Values education/ Conduct Education Problem-solving
▪ Analyzing and interpretation
6. Computer/ICT Using excel/spreadsheet ▪ Using
graphs
7. , Music, Arts, Physical Education and Counting
Health MAPEH ▪ Measuring
▪ Clapping
▪ Stomping
8. Technology and livelihood education ▪ Data gathering
▪ Measuring
9. Others:

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following question based on what you have observed in the class.

1. How can literacy affect one’s life?

 The impact of literacy on an individual's life is particularly significant when it comes to
expressing ideas and initiating communication with others. In the absence of literacy,
misunderstandings are likely to prevail, leading to a state of chaos.
2. How important is numeracy in our daily life?
 The significance of numeracy in our daily routine cannot be overstated as we are
constantly faced with numbers, be it while checking the time, measuring or weighing
things, or recognizing different currencies.
3. How can literacy and numeracy improve the learner’s academic performance?
 Students require both literacy and numeracy skills not only for academic success but also
for practical application in the real world. Literacy enables them to comprehend their
surroundings and effectively express their thoughts and opinions, while numeracy equips
them to handle numerical tasks such as measuring, weighing, telling time, and
recognizing currency.
4. In the absence of digital technologies and printed materials. What do you think are the
strategies you can use to promote literacy and numeracy?
 Utilizing tangible and culturally relevant items within the school premises can serve as
an effective approach to fostering literacy and numeracy in the absence of digital tools
and printed resources. By incorporating these authentic objects, my students can establish
a meaningful connection to the subject matter, as they are already acquainted with the
items present in their immediate surroundings.

Reflection

Complete the following statements

1. I realized that:
o Literacy and numeracy are essential in our everyday lives as they allow us to
communicate effectively and comprehend one another. Additionally, numeracy aids in
 17

learning business skills and managing finances. By possessing these abilities, we become
clever and skilled individuals who cannot be surpassed by others.
2. I believed that:
o Having strong literacy and numeracy skills can greatly improve one's chances of finding
a job with good offers, leading to a better quality of life. These abilities give individuals
an advantage over others and increase their likelihood of being selected for a position,
which can have a significant impact on their overall well-being.
3. I feel that: o It is important for primary school students to start building their numeracy and
literacy skills from the first grade. This will help them avoid struggling with math problems and
communication when they reach secondary and higher education. By doing so, students will
improve their individual performance, which is not always the case in today's world.
4. When I become a teacher, I will:
o Having the ability to read, write, and perform fundamental mathematical calculations is
crucial for a teacher to effectively impart knowledge and fulfill their responsibilities. As a
teacher, i serve as a role model for students, and it is essential to possess strong literacy
and numeracy skills. Students often emulate the behavior of their teachers, making it
imperative for educators to possess positive qualities and talents that students can learn
from.
LESSON 5: Strategies for Developing and Creative
Thinking, As well as other Higher-Order Thinking Skills

Observation

A. Ask the cooperating teacher to show his or her lesson plan to you. Review the objective each
lesson in the lesson plans. Provide examples of educational objectives based on the following
HOTS:

Construct declarative, interrogative,

imperative, and exclamatory sentences. Using
the picture shown on the board, I want you to
form different types of sentences according to
function.
Example:
1. Creating
 Daniel Padilla is an actor (Declarative)  Is
he famous? (Interrogative)
 Could you please give me his number?
(Imperative)  OMG! It’s I saw Daniel
Padilla!
(Exclamatory)
Detect bias and prejudice in the material
viewed.
2. Evaluating *What do they reveal about men and women?
*Should woman always be portrayed as doing
household chores and men as warriors? Why?
Classify sentence according to their uses.
They will come up the following sentences:
3. Analyzing 1. Philippine is rich in natural resources.
2. When did you visit the white island?
3. Please give the certificate.
4. I can’t believe it! We won!

B. Indicate whether the following HOTS strategies are applied during your classroom
observation by checking the appropriate box. Write your remarks in the last column.

HOTS Strategies Observed Not Observed Remarks

 18

1. Teaching the The teaching-learning

concepts of HOTS process incorporates an
inquiry-based approach and
constructivism, as employed
by the teacher.
2. Promotes the use The teacher employs an
of HOTS when inquiry-driven method when
communicating posing questions.
3. Encourages The educator consistently
question and answer poses open-ended inquiries to
during discussion encourage active
participation and inquiry
from her students during
class discussions.
4. Uses visuals The educator presents visual
graphic organizer to aids in the form of graphic
connect concept organizers to elucidate the
concepts under discussion
5. Uses The teacher incorporates the
problemsolving to principles of higher-order
foster critical thinking skills (HOTS) into
thinking her classroom discourse.
6. Promotes The teacher permits the
collaborative students to engage in
learning to generate collaborative activities
new ideas throughout the class.
7. Encourages The teacher employs
students to elaborate openended inquiries and
their answer consistently poses follow-up
questions to guarantee
comprehension of the topic at
hand among the pupils.
8. Promotes inquiry In order to validate the ideas
based-learning to of their students, the teacher
validate ideas poses questions that pertain
to their experiences both
within and beyond the
classroom.
9. Use educational The teacher aims to develop
objectives that foster the higher-order thinking
HOTS skills (HOTS) of the students
through their objectives.
10. Uses assessment The teacher utilizes genuine
that promotes and outcome-driven
HOTS assessments in order to foster
the development of the
students' higher-order
thinking abilities (HOTS).

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following question based on what you have observed in the class.
1. In what part of the instructional plan can teacher apply HOTS?
 Mostly HOTS are firstly seen in their instructional plan’s objectives. The teacher can
apply hots in doing the motivational part activities to identify what are the lesson about
and also to the activities given by teacher that is anchored with the objectives.

2. How can higher order thinking skills improve the students learning?
 19

 In improving the students’ learning by using HOTS teachers must assist students in
grasping the concept of high order thinking. Tell them what it is and why they require it.
Assist them in recognizing their own strengths and weakness. Connect concepts: guide
students through the process of connecting one concept to the next.

3. How important is creative and critical thinking in the 21st century workplace?
 t is an important part of STEM Education. When you utilize critical thinking, it is easier
to make decisions that require a lot of consideration. Critical thinking, which drives you
to analyze and choose objective logic above your gut reaction, can assist you in making
major life decisions such as whether or not to change jobs. It’s critical because it allows
you to see problems and situations from a different perspective.

4. What are the things that teacher needs to improve on in order to enrich the strategies using
HOTS?
 Rather than monotonous repetition, the learner should be encouraged to elaborate and
explain facts and ideas. They should actively participate in a class

Reflection

Complete the following statements:

1. I realized that:
 Higher order thinking skills play a crucial role in the classroom setting. This concept serves to
differentiate various forms of learning and the level of cognitive processing involved.

2. I believed that:
 The Higher Order Thinking approach aims to help students develop their thinking skills beyond
mere memorization, thereby enhancing their cognitive abilities and competencies.

3. I feel that:
 When students are presented with Higher-order questions, they experience an increased
cognitive demand. These types of questions prompt students to think beyond conventional
boundaries when formulating their responses. By necessitating the application, analysis,
synthesis, and evaluation of information, Higher-order questions foster critical thinking skills,
moving students beyond the mere recollection of facts.

4. When I become a teacher, I will:

 Incorporating Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) into my instructional plan is crucial for
attaining my objectives and fostering enhanced cognitive engagement among students. By
implementing HOTS evaluation, numerous advantages can be derived, including a heightened
motivation to learn among students and an overall improvement in learning outcomes.
 20

Lesson 6: Mother Tongue, Filipino, English in Teaching and

Learning

Observation

A. Conduct a survey of languages used by students and teacher at home and school.

Language/s used at home Language/s used at school

Students Mother Tongue and English, Mother Tongue, Tagalog, and
Tagalog English
Teachers Mother Tongue and English, Mother Tongue, Tagalog, and
Tagalog English

B. Answer the following questions:

1. Do the teachers of kinder Garten and elementary students have a copy of the guide and
learning material for Mother tongue, Filipino, and English?
 Yes
2. Are the teacher guide and learning materials translated in mother tongue?
 No
3. Are there sufficient references for the teacher of mother tongue, Filipino, English?
 Yes
4. Are teacher well- informed on, the trained in teaching of mother tongue, Filipino and
English?
 Yes
5. Do the teacher speak or understand the identified regional of implementation?
 Yes
6. Do the learner speak or understand the language of instruction used by teacher the
implementation of MTB-MLE?
 Yes
7. Do the learners have access to learning resources and material?
 Yes

C. Conduct an observation of teacher in Mother Tongue, Filipino, And English class. Identify
the strategies used to motivate or arouse the interest of learners in the following language
literacy domains. Write your observation in the last column.
 21

Domains Strategies Remarks

1. Oral language ▪ Provide visual organizers The educator enhances the
▪ Group reading understanding abilities of
▪ Oral reading students.
2. Phonological Awareness ▪ Introduce rhyming words The educator stimulates
▪Using hand clapping in the curiosity of the
syllabication students.
3. Book and print Knowledge The teacher let the learners With this strategy it shows
choose a book or stories they an active engagement
are interested to and let them between learners and
read it aloud teacher.
4. Alphabet And word Learners are fun of watching It enjoys and relax
Recognition television so the teacher use themselves while
videos that is related to the engaging in an activity it
topic shows that the teacher
really meets her goal
5. Phonics and Words By using games in integrating It encourages learners to
Recognition to their leaning. develop their phonetics
and word recognition.
6. Fluency One strategy is by giving It develops the fluency of
phrase reading in a day. the learners
7. spelling Daily reading of sight word or She chooses a good
unfamiliar can help our strategy that is suited to
learners develop their skills in her topic and goals.
spelling. Word games are also
use in arousing the interest of
the learners.
8. writing and composition By making an essay or short It helps to improve the
story. students writing and
composition.
9. Grammar Awareness and Sentence construction The teacher give a words
Structure to the students to construct
a sentence.
10. Vocabulary Development By learning one new word a It enhances the student’s
day vocabulary which is a
great thing to do.
11. Reading Comprehension Let them listen a story, song or They are actively
news to a radio and let them participating and didn’t
give feedback about it. get bored because in the
end they should answer
what is been asked
12. Listening Comprehension The teacher let them listen to They are a good listener
video or song which engages and they actively
them in listening afterwards, participate in a class
teacher will ask questions
related to the topic

Processing

A. Based on what have you observe in class, identify the benefits of using Mother Tongue,
Filipino, and English as MOIs.

1. Mother Tongue
- Makes it easier for the learners to pick up or understand the lesson.
- It also helps develop the critical thinking and literacy skills of the learners.
 22

- They can easily express their thought and ideas by using mother tongue.

2. Filipino
- Just like the mother tongue, using Filipino as a mode of instruction, the learner
will easily understand or catch up into the topic.
- The learners can participate actively in the class by using Filipino as a mode of
instruction.

3. English
- It increases the cognitive ability of the learners.
- It helps us develop our communication skills.

B. Based on what you have observed in class, Identify the strategies to improve the teacher’s
ability to help students understand Mother Tongue, Filipino, And English.
 Based on what I observed in class, the following strategies can improve the teacher’s
ability to help students understand their mother tongue, Filipino, and English:
✓ Repeat Reading
✓ Essay writing/Writing reflections
✓ Spelling Quiz
✓ Creating vocabulary notebooks

C. Explain how Mother Tongue can enrich cultural awareness of both teacher and students.
 The utilization of the mother tongue in the classroom setting has the potential to
enhance the cultural awareness of educators and learners alike. By incorporating the
mother tongue as a means of instruction, teachers are able to establish a connection
with the diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds of their students. This approach
fosters a sense of confidence and pride in one's own identity and cultural heritage.

Reflection

Complete the following statements:

1. I realized that:
 The utilization of diverse languages as a medium of instruction can greatly contribute
to the enhancement of students' learning abilities and aptitudes, particularly when
they exhibit a keen interest and strong motivation towards the learning process.

2. I believed that:
 In life, it will always be a life-long learning. There is a place for learners and teachers
to develop themselves especially when imparting knowledge. Language is one of the
keys to understand each other and keep the good rapport in the surrounding.

3. I feel that:
 We must carefully plan the strategies we use that is very suitable of applicable in the
lesson that we will impart or teach to our learners. With that, it will gain the interest
of the learners and will help us teachers to reach our goals or objectives in their
learning.

4. When I become a teacher, I will:

 Must have to be a successful and efficient language teacher; in regard to language
competency, exceptional reading, speaking, and listening abilities, as a teacher I
must, of course, display high vocabulary and command language.
 23

LESSON 7: Classroom Communication Strategies

Observation

A. Identify the verbal and non-verbal forms of communication used by teacher and
students in the classroom.
Verbal Nonverbal Remarks
Teachers Oral Communication Hand gestures and Facial The teacher utilizes
Listening expression verbal and non-verbal
means of
communication prior to,
during, and after class
discussions. Verbal and
non-verbal
communication is
employed to effectively
convey the lesson being
discussed.
Students Recitation (oral Raising hand (hand Verbal- always use
communication) gesture) Non-verbal- use when
Reading and recitations Gestures, facial needed
expression and eye
contact

B. Check (/) the box that corresponds to what you have observed in class. Write
remarks in the last column.

Communication
Strategies for Observed Not Observed Remarks
Teachers
Communication
with friendly tone Always
 24

Thinks before
speaking to avoid Always
utterance of
irrelevant words

Speaks clearly and

articulately delivers Always
the message he/she
is trying to convey

Speak with
confidence Always

Demonstrates
ability to produce Often
intelligence and
fluent discourse

Demonstrates skills
in written Always
communication

Demonstrates
proficiency in oral
communication Always

Manifest positive
attitude towards Always
students

Other comments and observations:

 None

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following question based on what you have observed in the class
1. How important are the verbal and non-verbal forms of communication to the teachers?
o Communication, both verbal and nonverbal, is crucial for learning because it helps
the teacher and students comprehend each other's intentions. Without these
communication tools, it is possible for the teacher and student to misunderstand or
misinterpret one another. Effective teacher-student communication has the power to
improve learning and create a happy learning environment.

2. How do verbal and non-verbal forms of communication affect the students learning?
o Through increased interaction with each individual, verbal and nonverbal
communication has an impact on students' learning and is crucial for their personal
development. This will improve their interpersonal relationships and communication
 25

skills. Communication makes learning easier, helps students reach their goals,
increases learning opportunities, improves the student-teacher relationship, and
fosters a positive experience all around.

3. What forms of communication do the teacher and the students need to improve on?
o Particularly when the teacher asks questions to the students during the oral recitation,
the students are hesitant to respond.

Reflection

Complete the following statements:

1. I realized that:
It is important that our verbal communication and non-verbal communication to our
students are clear, precise and understandable. Poor communication can arise a lot of
question and problems on the students learning process.

2. I believed that:
There are more room for improvement in terms of non-verbal communication. Teachers
need to improve their communication strategies to communicate with special needs.

3. I feel that:
I need to learn and improve my communication strategies to be able to communicate
with my students in the clear and precise manner in the future.

4. When I become a teacher, I will:

Enhance my verbal and non-verbal communication strategies so that I can deliver the
learnings to my students well. I will see to it that my non-verbal will commence to
accommodate all kinds of students. Understanding and utilizing nonverbal
communication can improve your ability to communicate with others, express yourself
clearly, navigate challenging situations, and forge stronger, more enduring bonds with
people at home and at work.

LESSON 1 Learner Safety and Security

Observation

Check ( ) the box that corresponds to the learning environment of the class you have observed.

The Learning Yes No Remarks

Environment
1. Is clean and The teacher maintains
orderly the cleanliness and
orderliness of the
classroom.
 26

2. Has policies The teacher sets rules

that ensure the and policies of the
safety of classroom to be
students. followed by the
students.
3. Has space where The teacher allotted a
students can space where the
play. students can play.
4. Displays work of The teacher has a space
students. where she displays the
work of the students.
5. Allows The teacher encourages
students to the students to express
freely express their thoughts and ideas,
their thoughts especially during class
and ideas. discussions.
6. Gives students The teacher consulted
an opportunity to the students on how to
take part. formulate the classroom
rules and what are the
consequences if a
student fails to follow
the rules.
7. Has teachers The students were asked
who are calm by the teacher for their
respectful. input on creating the
classroom rules and
discussing the
consequences of not
following them.
8. Encourages The teacher offers
students to science activities that
explore and encourage students to
learn on their explore.
own.
9. Gives students Pupils are authorized
opportunities to by their teacher to
correct make mistakes and are
mistakes. taught to correct
themselves.
10. Encourages The students are given
students to permission by the
resolve teacher to discuss their
conflicts conflicts with their
peacefully. classmates in a calm
and gentle manner.

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you have observed in class.
1. What features of the learning environment have significantly contributed to the students
learning?
According to my observations, the students' learning has been profoundly impacted by
the collective influence of all the components within the learning environment.

2. In your opinion, how can the school s learning environment to be improved? In my

perspective, enhancing the school's learning atmosphere necessitates a concentrated effort on
 27

bolstering the safety and security measures, alongside implementing diverse strategies and
approaches that accommodate the unique variances and abilities of the students.

3. How does Maslow s theory explain the importance of security and safety in ensuring ꞌthat
learning will take place?
According to Maslow's theory, creating a sense of security and safety is crucial for
promoting learning. This can be achieved by allowing students to freely interact,
communicate, and socialize with their peers. By doing so, their motivation will increase
and their fears and worries will decrease, ultimately enhancing the learning experience.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that: o A positive learning environment can help children improve their focus on
lessons and prevent mental health problems. When teachers create a positive learning
environment, students are more likely to feel motivated and achieve positive results.

2. I believed that: o The learning environment greatly affects students' learning, behavior, and
mental health. A positive environment leads to positive outcomes, while a negative one can
cause students to suffer.

3. I feel that: o A good first step towards effective learning is to create a well-structured and
suitable environment. During my observation, I noticed that students can get easily distracted by
their surroundings, which can hinder their ability to concentrate on the teacher's lessons.

4. When I become a teacher, I will: o Aim to motivate my students to learn by offering

rewards for their attentiveness in class. I also plan to encourage them to share their ideas on
various topics, so that they can gain a deeper understanding of the subject matter.

Lesson 2: Fair Learning Environment

Observation

Check the box that corresponds to your class observation and answer succeeding questions.
Yes No
The teacher provides the students
opportunities to make mistakes.

The teacher knows the students

well.
 28

The teacher provides a wide

range of option of which students
can choose from in order to
engage in an activity.
The students are allowed to
engage in a variety of experience
to learn a new concept or skill.

The student are encourage to

express themselves.

The teacher extend the lesson so

that all students benefits from it.

The teacher utilizes various

ways of determining how
students learn.

1. What can you say about the learning environment?

Through my observations, I have noticed that the learning environment fosters a sense of
safety and security for the students. The teacher employs diverse teaching strategies and
approaches to ensure that the students' needs are taken into account and met during the
lesson.
2. How can the teacher further promote a fair learning environment?
The teacher can create a fair learning environment by taking into account the diversity of
their students. Through inclusive teaching methods, the teacher can discover different
strategies and techniques that are suitable for each student's abilities.

Processing

1. What could have contributed to the presence or absence of a fair learning environment?
According to my observation, I believe that the presence of a fair environment can be attributed
to the various strategies employed by the teacher in her instructional approach. The teacher
demonstrates a thoughtful approach by designing a lesson plan that takes into account the unique
needs of each student, both as individuals and as a collective class.

2. How does a fair learning environment affect the way children learn?
By creating a fair learning environment, children are empowered to learn in diverse ways
that align with their unique capabilities and skills.
 27

Reflection

Complete the following

1. I realized that:
• It is essential to promote a fair learning environment to give the teacher respect and gives
learners a sense of safeness and trust. Thus, being fair is to treat equally and no one is left out.

2. I believe that:
• A positive fair environment is created when we value participatory teaching and learning and
when there is trust and relationship among students and teachers.

3. I feel that:
• Fairness and respect must start with ourselves in order for us to establish and develop a positive
environment.
 30

4. When I became a teacher, I will:

• I will Establish and provide my class with fair learning environment.

Lesson 3: Management of Classroom Structure and Activities

Observation

A. In the box below, draw the room layout of the class you observed.
 B. Interview the cooperating teacher. ask the following questions:

1. What can you say about the physical structure of your classroom?
 The physical structure of the classroom is a type of traditional arrangement or the
teacher-centered arrangement where the chairs/desks are arranged in rows and
columns and the teacher’s table is situated in the center.

2. What were the things that you considered when you arranged the classroom?
 The things that I take into consideration when arranging the classroom is first the
space. At much as I want it to be arranged the classroom into a learner-centered
format, it is impossible given the little space of the classroom. That is why
chairs/desks are arranged in rows and columns to utilize the little space of the
classroom.
 Second, is the position chairs and lights. It is necessary that the chairs are positioned
where adequate light can shine so that it will not hinder the learning of my students.

3. What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of this kind of physical setup?
I think that the advantage of this kind of setup is that it utilizes the little space of the classroom
while the disadvantage is that it is not flexible enough like the learner-centered type of
arrangement.

Processing

1. Do you think that the classroom structure is consistent with the teacher s ꞌobjectives? Why?
Why not?
The classroom structure, in my opinion, does not align with the teacher's objectives due
to its traditional arrangement of chairs and desks in rows and columns. While this
arrangement has proven to be effective in previous decades, it is becoming less effective
in the 21st century when compared to the learner-centered type of arrangement.

2. How does the classroom setup affect the students’ performance and learning?
The arrangement of the classroom has an impact on the academic performance and
learning of students as it fosters their inquisitiveness, thereby encouraging them to excel
and engage actively in classroom discourse.
 32

29

3. If you were the teacher, what kind of classroom structure would you adopt to maximize the students
learning?
As an educator, I would implement a student-centered classroom structure that is adaptable
and can be easily modified to accommodate the various learning activities of the students
in order to optimize their learning experience.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that:
• The physical environment of the classroom has a huge impact to the learning
development of a learner.

2. I believe that:
• The goal of classroom structures is to create a learning environment that meets the needs
of all students, promotes their academic success, and prepares them for future learning and
life experiences.

3. I feel that:
• A good classroom set-up is essential for promoting student engagement, enhancing
learning, and creating a positive and supportive learning environment that meets the needs
of all students.
 When I became a teacher, I will:
• Provide good classroom management that includes the practices and strategies I will
use to create a positive and productive learning environment in the classroom. A good
learning environment for my pupils where they can feel comfortable while learning, so
that they are engaged, to have an enhanced learning experience, support their individual
well-being, fostering a sense of community, and preparing them for future success.

4.

Lesson 4: Support for Learner Participation

Observation

Check (/) the box that corresponds to what you have observed in class.
Yes No
1. The teacher tells the
students of his or her
expectations after every
activity.
2. The teacher recognizes
the effort made by the
students who participate.

3. The classroom is arranged

in a way that the
students can see and
communicate with each
other.
 34

4. The teacher moves around

the room as he or she
discusses the lesson.

5. The teacher makes use of

various teaching
strategies to elicit the
students’ participation.
6. The students are given the
opportunity to discuss
their thoughts, ideas,
and opinions with the
whole class or some
classmates.

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you have observed in class.
1. How does the teacher encourage the students to participate actively in class?
The teacher encourages the students to participate actively in class by: Devising
activities that stimulate their curiosity, asking open-ended questions, Allowing the
students to express their thoughts and ideas about the topic being discussed, listening
attentively to her students when they speak, Being respectful.

2. What do you think is the best classroom setup to encourage the students to engage in the
activity?
I think that all types of classroom setup is the best classroom setup when it comes to
encouraging the students to engage in the class activity depending on the kind of activity
the teacher prepare that is appropriate for the topic/lesson being discussed.

3. What strategies should the teacher use to make the students participate in class? The
strategies the teacher use to make the students participate in class are:
- Asking open-ended questions
- Collaborative work
- Realia
 35

Reflection

Complete the following

1. I realized that:
Students may be motivated by their interest in a topic to engage fully in their learning
experience.

2. I believe that:
Active participation is the consistent engagement of the mind of all students with that to
be learned.

3. I feel that:
Students aren’t engaged by things, but they’re engaged by us.

4. When I became a teacher, I will:

Just let them do what they do to work productively and to make them responsible for
their own learning.
 36

Lesson 5: Promotion of Purposive Learning

Observation

Determine if the environment supports purposive learning by checking (/) the box that
corresponds to what you have observed in class.
Yes No
1. The learning environment
promotes respect by
giving the students
opportunities to listen to
each other.
2. The students are provided
with avenues to observe
and practice a skill.

3. All experiences are

considered learning
experiences.
4. The students are given
opportunities to
collaborate with each
other.
5. The teacher us other
strategies aside from
lecture to help the
students understand the
lesson.

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you have observed in class.
1. Does the teacher support purposive learning? If yes, how? If no, how can the teacher
support purposive learning?
Indeed, the teacher fosters purposive learning by encouraging her students to engage
actively in classroom discussions and contribute their experiences and ideas. She
establishes a conducive learning atmosphere that facilitates the learning process.
2. How else can purposive learning be promoted in the classroom?
One way to encourage purposive learning in the classroom is by organizing the physical
space in a manner that allows students to witness real-life scenarios and utilize the
necessary skills to resolve issues or attain their educational objectives.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that:
It is important for a teacher to have a clear understanding of the learning process in order
to engage, motivate and teacher all learners.
2. I believe that:
Students learn best when they’re give a range of instructional strategies and students
learning can be positively impacted by the engagement of teacher to their students.
3. I feel that:
 37

A teacher influence ideas and expectation of his or her students’ capabilities have an
effect on students’ academic performance and achievements.
4. When I became a teacher, I will:
Make my lesson interesting, learning easy and to easily express concepts to increase
learner’s achievement.
Lesson 6: Management of Learner Behavior

Observation

Preliminary Activity Observe the teacher. Check the item that best describes the learning
environment.

Yes No Remarks
[Link] the teacher expect the students The educator consistently motivates her
to respond according to how the pupils to engage in classroom
lesson was taught? discussions by actively responding to
questions related to the subject matter.
2. Does the teacher provide the The teacher presents a variety of
students with opportunities to engage activities for students to select from.
in activities of their choice?
3. Does the teacher provide The students receive praise from their
immediate feedback like praise or teacher whenever they answer correctly
grades? or actively participate in class
discussions.
4. Is the classroom environment The teacher organized the classroom in
arranged so that the students can a conventional way, with chairs and
easily collaborates? desks arranged in rows and columns.
However, the setup still encourages
socialization and collaboration.
5. Is the classroom environment The teacher organized the classroom
arranged so that the students can setting to allow students to freely
freely explore their interests? pursue their interests.
6. Does the teacher provide the The teacher creates an equitable
students with opportunities to learning atmosphere where students are
succeed? assigned activities that suit their
abilities and skills.
7. Does the teacher immediately The teacher provide scaffolding
correct the mistakes made by the when deemed right to correct the
students? mistakes made by the students.
[Link] the teacher guide the students The teacher provide guidance to her
to discover their own mistakes? students about the mistakes they do.
9. Does the teacher allow the Teachers have the freedom to make
students to commit mistake until they mistakes and the ability to correct them
are able to correct these errors on using the rules in the classroom.
their own?
10. Is the student-teacher relationship The educator possesses a thorough
cordial? understanding of her pupils
11. Can the students freely express The teacher allows the students to
their thoughts and ideas in class? express their thoughts and ideas in the
class
12. Does the teacher listen to the The teacher caters the student’s ideas
student’s ideas? about the topic being discussed.
 38

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following questions.

1. What kind of classroom management does the teacher practice? Why?
▪ The teacher's classroom management style is authoritative as she acts as a facilitator of
learning. The students are actively involved and participating. Additionally, she asks for
their ideas and allows them to share their experiences related to the topic being discussed.

2. Do you think that the management style that the teacher is using in class contributes to the
students’ learning? Why? Why not?
▪ Yes. I think that the management style that the teacher is using in class contributes to the
students’ learning because it stimulates the students to actively participate in class
discussions.

3. If you were the teacher, what management style would best maximize students’ learning? ▪
If I were the teacher, the management style that would best maximize students’ learning is the
authoritative classroom management style.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that:
Good classroom management helps both the teacher and students by laying out specific
and appropriate procedures that help students know what to do thus, allowing teachers to
focus on working with students.

2. I believe that:
Teacher need to be well- trained, well resourced and hold positive attitudes.

3. I feel that:
It is challenging to every teacher who teach very well to her students, you need to do
such work with different lesson.

4. When I became a teacher, I will:

Trust myself and having a confident in what I do and, overcome it.
 39

LESSON 1: Learner’s Gender, Needs, Strengths, Interests, and Experiences

Observation

A. Interview the following internal school stakeholders on how they promote a gender- sensitive
school/classroom. Write their responses of the lines provided below.
School principal- The school provides environment that promotes gender equality by integrating in all
subject the respect to everyone’s rights and feelings. Teachers also teach respect for differences and hot to
live in a diverse world in their RHGP class.
Department head- As a teacher, for me the most important factor to consider is to utilize appropriate
gender-neutral language. In every instruction and activity that I provide them, I should be sensitive
enough to be mindful of my language (or that vocabulary I use).
Cooperating teacher- For gender-sensitive school. One way among others is to perhaps conduct IEC,
Seminars, and LAC sessions regarding gender sensitivity for both teachers and students.
Guidance counselor- As a school counselor I promote a gender-sensitivity in a way that everyone should
have the opportunity to break out from tradition gender-based behaviors and expectations. I model
inclusive language that reflects identities from all genders.

B. Discuss how the following steps create a progressive, students-centered classroom.

1. Create ongoing projects
Creating ongoing projects stimulates plenty of project choices wherein it allows students to
demonstrate what they are learning. The ongoing project provides workshop environment that is the
foundation upon which the student-centered classroom is built. The key to starts ongoing projects is to
engage the learning and implementing capabilities of students.
2. Integrate technology
Teachers nowadays achieve success by incorporating technology in their classroom, which leads to
increased student engagement in various activities. Technology has the ability to make students eager to
participate in almost any class activity, making it a natural choice for creating meaningful learning
experiences for students of all ages. Additionally, technology provides teachers with the opportunity to
modify information and differentiate instruction to cater to the learning capabilities of their students. This
can also enable students to work at their own pace.
[Link] homework with engaging in-class activities
Educators have varying opinions on homework, but I believe it should be replaced with in-class
activities. In-class activities promote better results and teamwork, unlike homework where students may
struggle without proper guidance. Interactive and engaging school activities are effective strategies that
make learning fun, boost student confidence, and improve critical thinking skills. This approach benefits
both students and teachers, leading to satisfying achievements in the teaching and learning process.
4. Eliminate rules and consequences in-class activities.
Instead of relying on rules and consequences, it is important for teachers to take the time at the
beginning of the school year to explain the learning environment they have designed for the classroom.
This environment should promote respect, cooperation, and engaging lessons for students. By
establishing a solid teaching structure, there may not be a need for strict behavioral rules and
consequences.
 40

[Link] students in evaluation

1. Students have now been given an official role in the evaluation process. By evaluating their
teachers, students can help identify areas for improvement, development, or change in the teaching
methods. Additionally, this allows teachers to understand the needs and interests of their students
regarding the subjects they are studying. As part of their role, students are encouraged to discuss any
suggestions or expectations they have about their teachers before, during, and after their sessions.

C. List down 10 strengths and weaknesses of the students from the class you have observed.

Student Name Strengths Weaknesses

1. Angel Jade Mirabona Good in writing and reading, Shy sometimes
Fast learner
2. Fhame Eula N. Seva Very active in class Reading and writing
3. Dane L. Millena Active in classroom activity Reading and writing
Good in oral recitation
4. Chloe C. Madrideo Good in oral recitation Reading and writing
5. Mary Angel S. Revale Good in oral recitation Reading and writing
Reading
6. Jamaica S. Borero Good in reading and writing Very Silent
Can comprehend
7. Zian Mel C. Vibar Active in class activities Reading and writing8
8. Monica M. Marantal Very polite Silent
9. Amielle R. Mendoza Very obedient Comprehension
10. Rita Athea L. Villa Very obedient Shy

Processing

1. Based on your interviews with internal school stake holders on how to promote a gender
sensitive school/ classroom, which of the answer is the best?
From the teachers I have interviewed they hand me a good answer but for me the school
principal’s answer is the best one because it applies in all subject which it enhances all
students attitude and characteristics. She had mentioned RHGP because it aims or
designed to assist students in developing their personalities in order to better prepare
them for responsibilities in the home, career, and community.

2. How will you determine the strengths and weaknesses of your students?
To determine the students’ strengths and weaknesses, I will use various strategies which
applies in an appropriate strategies, activities or assessment such as class survey, reading
time, Q and A portion activities, monitoring, shared stories, “all about me” activities, who
am I flow chart, through observations and others. These may help me to determine the
strengths and weaknesses of my learners. if they are poor in reading skills, poor in
writing skills, poor in self-esteem and others.

3. Which among the steps on creating progressive, student-centered classroom is the best step?
Why?
Create ongoing projects- because the continuous project is important to the promotion of
mastery.
Replace homework with a collaborative activity- with our situation we can use it when
having learners study group or by group activities.
Involve students in evaluation- the use of narrative feedback that follows a precise formula
and encourages students to resubmit tasks that do not exhibit mastery promotes a
studentcentered environment.

4. How are you going to use the learners’ needs and interest in creating a more effective
instruction?
 41

By applying strategies that boost the needs and interest of students, in which they will more
actively participate in my class and it will help me more achieve effective instruction or
learning. Integrating the needs and interest of my learners helps me to reach my goals and
objectives in the lesson.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realize that:
Knowing your weaknesses allows you to gain a better knowledge of what may be
holding a student back, and a teacher can then work to avoid allowing your flaws to drag
a student down. And knowing a student’s strengths helps to identify where he/she good
at.

2. I believe that:
Knowing your own strengths and weaknesses allows you to gain a better knowledge of
who you are and how you operate.

3. I feel that:
It is important to be a gender-sensitive because simply explained, being sensitive means
being aware of other people’s sentiments.

4. When I become a teacher, I will:

Tell my students that gender-sensitivity in this context refers to being aware of the
feelings of the opposite gender. This is significant because men and women think
differently, and, as a result, have distinct views.
 42

LESSON 2: Learner’s Linguistic, Cultural, Socio-Economic, and

Religious Backgrounds

Observations

A. Ask your cooperating teacher for a copy of the School Form 1 (School Registrar). Paste a
copy of the School Form 1 in the box below and answer the following questions.
1. What is the grade and section that you have observed?
- The grade and section that I have observed is Grade 2 section Nightingale.
[Link] many boys and girls are there?
- There are 35 students in grade 2. It consists of 13 boys and 19 girls.
3. What is the religion of the majority of the students?
- The religion of the majority of the students is Christianity.
4. What is the common mother tongue of the students?
- The common mother tongue of the students is Daraguenio.
5. Does the class have students who belong to an ethnic group?
- There is no class that is belong to an ethnic group.

B. List down 10 strategies of your instructor you interviewed he/she can use to address the
individual differences (linguistic, cultural, socio-economic, and religious background) of the
students.
Strategy 1: Maintaining an inclusive curriculum that remains respectful of differences.
Strategy 2: Incorporating methods for self-testing.
Strategy 3: Expressing interest in the background of the students.
Strategy 4: Incorporating pedagogical practices that promote cross-type success

Strategy 5: Understanding my students’ learning styles and needs to promote a community for learners
and respecting one another’s strengths and differences.
Strategy 6: Maintaining good rapport and ensuring that the students felt safe and comfortable in the
classroom.
Strategy 7: Reinforcing with written instructions and one on one assistance.
Strategy 8: Utilizing ICT to cover a range of different needs of students.
Strategy 9: Addressing Multicultural Sensitive Communication
Strategy 10: Using peer group learning, cooperative learning, peer tutoring, community problem
solving, and self-directed learning.
 43

C. Ask again your instructor how he or she gives importance to differentiated instruction in his or
her classes.
The teacher creates lessons that cater to the learning styles of each student. They group students
based on shared interests, topics, or abilities for assignments and use formative assessments to evaluate
their progress. The classroom is managed in a way that promotes a safe and supportive environment.
Additionally, the teacher continually adjusts the lesson content to meet the needs of their students.
Without supporting pedagogy, inclusion in diverse classrooms would not be successful. Differentiated
instruction is an example of a supporting instructional approach that caters to the needs of academically
diverse students, including those who are gifted or have disabilities. Instruction can be differentiated in
various ways, such as tailoring content to individual needs, modifying instructional methods, or adjusting
assignments based on skill and ability levels.

Other comments and observations:

Differentiating instruction gives importance for teachers in teaching the same material to all
students using a variety of instructional strategies. It may require the teacher to deliver
lessons at varying levels of difficulty based on the ability of each student.

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following questions.

1. Does the number of boys and girls affect the classroom instruction? How?
- The number of boys and girls in a classroom can potentially influence classroom dynamics and
interactions, but it should not significantly impact the instructional approach or the quality of education
provided. It is important to create an inclusive and equitable learning environment that values and
respects all students, regardless of their gender.
2. Does the religious background of the students affect the preparation of the lesson?
It is crucial for teachers to be familiar with their students' religious backgrounds, to the extent that
students and their families feel comfortable sharing that information. This awareness allows teachers to
provide an inclusive and culturally sensitive learning environment that acknowledges and respects
students' religious beliefs and practices.
3. Does the mother tongue of most of the students affect the medium of instruction? How?
It's important to note that the choice of the medium of instruction should also consider the broader
context, such as the language policies in the educational system, curriculum requirements, and the
language skills and needs of individual students. In some cases, a bilingual or multilingual approach may
be preferred, where both the mother tongue and a second language are used strategically to promote
language development and academic success.
4. Do the socio-economic differences of the students affect their learning? How?
Addressing socio-economic differences requires a multi-faceted approach, including equitable access
to resources, targeted support for students from disadvantaged backgrounds, and creating an inclusive and
supportive learning environment. Implementing strategies such as providing additional academic support,
offering mentoring programs, ensuring access to technology and resources, and promoting culturally
responsive teaching can help mitigate the impact of socio-economic disparities and support the academic
success of all students.
[Link] contextualization, localization, and indigenization of the curricula being done to fit the cultural
background of the students?
Contextualization, localization, and indigenization of curricula are approaches that aim to make
education more relevant and meaningful to the cultural background of students. It requires collaboration
with local communities, input from culturally diverse educators, and ongoing professional development
for teachers. It is essential to strike a balance between maintaining academic standards and incorporating
culturally relevant content that respects and reflects the cultural backgrounds of students.
 44

Reflection

Complete the following statements.

1. I realize that:
Socio-economic disparities can impact students' physical and mental well-being, which,
in turn, can influence their learning outcomes. Students from lower socioeconomic
backgrounds may experience higher levels of stress, inadequate nutrition, or limited
access to healthcare, which can affect their ability to concentrate, retain information, and
actively engage in the learning process.

2. I believe that:
Starting instruction in the mother tongue can facilitate a smoother transition to learning a
second or additional languages. It provides a strong foundation of language skills, which
can then be applied to acquiring new languages more effectively.

3. I feel that:
Teachers should strive to use inclusive language and examples that do not favor or
exclude any particular religious belief. This can foster a sense of belonging and create an
environment where students from diverse religious backgrounds feel respected and
represented.

4. When it is my time to become a teacher, I will:

Encourage open discussions about religion, while maintaining a respectful atmosphere,
can be beneficial. It provides an opportunity for students to share their perspectives, ask
questions, and learn from each other's experiences, promoting understanding and
tolerance.
 45

LESSON 3: Learners with Disabilities, Giftedness, and Talents

Observation

A. Interview the following internal schools’ stakeholders on how they deal with students with
disability and gifted learners.

Internal Stakeholders How do you deal with learners with disability and
giftedness?
Name of the School The same with other students that is why there is what we call
Principal: inclusion.
Floresita R. Sadueste
Name of the Classroom The same with other students. They are given equal tasks
Adviser: with others and are treated fairly. There are students who
Mrs. Angeline C. Rosales throw tantrums but regardless, they must be treated equally
with others and teachers must not take it to hearts when they
got hurt by them.
Name of Guidance The same with other learners. They should feel that they
Counselor: make no difference to other students. This will help them
Mrs. Mary Jean Magdaraog overcome their shortcomings.

B. Sit in a class with exceptional learners. Observe how the teacher uses different strategies in
teaching exceptional learners. List down five observations.

Observation 1: They allow students to speak up freely and compliments them by applause.

Observation 2: Parents are near the classroom in case students throw tantrums.

Observation 3: Teachers are making lessons easier for them like breaking them down into simpler
topics.

Observation 4: Integrating artwork in their lessons.

Observation 5: Teachers notify students and parents to their next activity so that they can prepare
their children.

C. Watch the film, Every Child is Special. After watching the movie, write a reflection about
the film.
Every Child is Special Title

"Every Child is Special" is a genuine portrayal of the struggles and obstacles that many children
encounter in their daily lives. The movie sheds light on the issue of learning disabilities, particularly
dyslexia, which affects a significant number of students worldwide. It realistically depicts the challenges,
frustrations, and emotional turmoil that children with learning disabilities may face. The film also highlights
the societal pressures and expectations placed on children to conform to traditional academic standards. It
reflects the reality that not all children fit into the mold of conventional education, and that they require
 46

individualized attention and support to thrive. Moreover, the movie realistically portrays the impact of
effective teaching methods, understanding, and empathy on a child's growth and development. It
demonstrates how a compassionate and dedicated teacher can make a profound difference in a child's life,
and how their efforts can transform a struggling student into a confident and successful individual. The
characters, their relationships, and the emotions they experience are relatable and believable. The film
captures the essence of the challenges faced by children with learning disabilities, their families, and the
educators who play a vital role in their lives.

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following questions.

1. How do the answers of the school principal, classroom adviser and guidance councilor on dealing
with exceptional learners differ from each other?
 The school principal is in charge of managing and running the school. They are responsible for
creating a good learning environment, making sure that rules and regulations are followed, and
overseeing the school's performance. The classroom adviser is important for teaching and
supporting students with special needs in the classroom. They focus on providing high-quality
education, meeting individual needs, and creating a positive learning atmosphere. The guidance
counselor specializes in offering guidance, support, and counseling to students. They focus on
helping students with their social and emotional well-being, career development, and personal
growth.
2. Based on your five observations on how a teacher uses a strategy in teaching learners with
disability and giftedness, which strategy is the best?
 For me all the strategies are best to use with each other since they target the different needs of
the learners as well as making it possible for teachers to teach this student. Furthermore, all of
this strategy compliments each other they must all be used.
3. What have you realized after watching every child is Special?
 As teachers I realized that it is important to learn psychology to address our learners with
special needs. I also realized that we must be patient in teaching and should have the passion
and goal to teach our students. If we teach just because of our salary then it would be easy to
give up on our learners need which is not supposed to be. We must make our students goal, our
goal; and their success, our success.
4. Write a slogan to promote inclusive learning in the Philippines?
 "Education for All: Embrace Diversity, Foster Excellence!"

Reflection

Complete the following statements.

1. I realize that:
 By engaging with diverse perspectives, cultures, and experiences, learners develop cultural
competence. They gain a deeper understanding and appreciation for different worldviews,
traditions, and ways of life. This cultivates empathy, respect, and the ability to collaborate
effectively in multicultural settings.
2. I believe that:
 Diversity learning ensures that all learners, regardless of their backgrounds, abilities, or
identities, feel included and valued within the educational setting. It promotes a sense of
belonging, respect, and acceptance among students, creating a positive and supportive learning
environment for everyone.
3. I feel that:
 Diversity learning brings a wealth of knowledge, experiences, and ideas into the classroom. It
sparks meaningful discussions, encourages active participation, and broadens the range of
insights and perspectives shared among learners. This enriches the overall learning experiences
for everyone involved.
 47

4. When it is my time to become a teacher, I will:

 Promote equity and social justice. It addresses systemic inequalities and strives for equal
opportunities and access to quality education for all learners, regardless of their background or
identity. By empowering learners through diversity learning, we create a more inclusive,
equitable, and harmonious society. It prepares individuals to navigate an increasingly diverse
world, embrace differences, and work collaboratively towards a more inclusive and just future.

LESSON 4: Learners in Difficult Circumstances

Observation

A. Interview the students on the difficulties they encounter while enrolled in school. List down
10 difficulties on the lines provided.
1. Poor social skills
2. Rejection
3. Bullying
4. Parental abuse
5. Lack of money
6. Does not understand the lesson
7. Exam stress
8. Finding schoolwork difficult
9. Social problem
10. Learning Disabilities

B. Interview the cooperating teacher. Ask how he/she considers the different difficult circumstances
faced by the students in preparing lessons and strategies.
All teachers know the HEART approach. Which teachers hear what the students is saying,
empathize with the student’s situation, assess what the student’s needs are, refer to campus
resources, tell the appropriate campus official or department. This is how I manage or deal
with difficult teaching situations faced by the learners

C. Create a poster-slogan promoting a diverse and responsive classroom.

 48

Processing

A. Read carefully and answer the following questions.

1. Based on this lesson, what is the most heroic task of the teacher?
- Based on this lesson, the most heroic task of the teacher is understanding and addressing the
individual strengths and weaknesses of students to create a supportive and tailored learning environment.

2. Among the different difficult circumstances given by the students, which is the most
complicated? Why?
- Among the various challenging circumstances faced by students, student number 9's situation is
particularly complex. If this student experiences family problems, it can lead to a lack of motivation,
resulting in procrastination and late submissions. Additionally, their disinterest may lead them to consider
dropping out of school. Furthermore, their efforts may be undermined unknowingly by the teacher due to
his situation.

B. In your own opinion, what is the best strategy to use when teaching a student with chronic
disorder?
It is important to be attentive to signs of difficulty or disconnection from the learner. When a
student is facing challenges in the classroom, seeking advice and help is the first step.
Consulting with the student's family and connecting with the school's learning support
professionals can provide valuable insights and assistance. Identifying potential triggers, such
as environmental factors, for students with chronic conditions is crucial and can often be
easily addressed. It is essential to treat all students equally, while also allowing for necessary
accommodations. Students with chronic illnesses or conditions may require additional time
during exams or regular breaks from the classroom. However, it is important to strike a
balance, as excessive attention may inadvertently isolate them from their peers. Supporting the
learner in a way that meets their needs while fostering inclusion is key.

Reflection

Complete the following statements.

1. I realize that:
It is crucial for us, as educators, to have a deep understanding of our students, including their
personal challenges, particularly for those who display inattentiveness in class. By
recognizing that they may have problems at home or elsewhere, we can provide appropriate
support and intervention to help them overcome barriers to their learning and engagement.

2. I believe that:
Despite facing challenging circumstances, students often find ways to cope and continue their
studies to pass the semester or school year. Their determination and resilience drive them to
overcome obstacles and strive for academic success.

3. I feel that:
I should give our students a “me time” for themselves, as a day to relax, enjoy and free
themselves from stresses they are encountering from the school’s activities.

4. When it is my time to become a teacher, I will:

Always check my students if they find hard to understand the lesson because knowing the
student’s health and situation is always better because it is the most important thing to know.
 49

LESSON 5: Learners from Indigenous Groups

Observation

A. Based on the class that you have observed, list down 10 students who belong to IP groups.
Fill the blanks below.
Name Grade and IP Group Province
Section
1 Not Applicable
2 Not Applicable
3 Not Applicable
4 Not Applicable
5 Not Applicable
6 Not Applicable
7 Not Applicable
8 Not Applicable
9 Not Applicable
10 Not Applicable

B. Evaluate the school’s Program for IPs by checking (/) the box that correspond to what you
observed in class.

DepEd Mandates Yes No

1 Ensures the provision of universal and equitable N/A N/A
access of all IPs to quality and relevant basic
education services towards functional literacy for
all.
2 Adopts appropriate basic education pedagogy, N/A N/A
content, and assessment through the integration of
IKSPs in all learning areas and process.
3 Provides adequate and culturally- appropriate N/A N/A
learning resources and environment to IP learners.
4 Strengthens the hiring, deployment, and continuous N/A N/A
development of teachers and learning facilitators in
the implementation of the IP Education Program.
5 Establishes and strengthens appropriate multi-level N/A N/A
units responsible for planning, implementing, and
monitoring IP education interventions.
 50

6 Expands and strengthens institutional and civil N/A N/A

society linkages to ensure proper coordination,
knowledge-sharing, and sustainability of the IP
Education Program.
7 Implements stronger affirmative action to eradicate N/A N/A
all forms of discrimination against IPs in the
Philippine educational system.

C. Interview the cooperating teacher. List down five culturally-responsive teaching strategies
he or she are using for students from Indigenous Groups.

Teaching Strategy 1: N/A

Teaching Strategy 2: N/A
Teaching Strategy 3: N/A
Teaching Strategy 4: N/A
Teaching Strategy 5: N/A

Other comments and observations:

- No one is belonging to IPs.

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following questions.

1. Why is it necessary to create the IPED Curriculum Framework?
It is to guide public and private schools, as well as other education programs, in their
interactions with indigenous peoples in order to localize, indigenize, and enhance the new
curriculum in the secondary education called “K-12 Curriculum” in light of their unique
educational and social circumstances

2. What school program would you recommend to the school administrators to

address the need of IPs?
A program or association which different IPs will have a group in a school in which it
promotes to recognized, indiscriminate and respected in the learning environment.
Gender and rights-based services
IP Rights Advocacy and Monitoring of Treaty Obligations
IP CULTURE SERVICES

3. Based on the list you made in the previous activity, most of the students belong to what
particular indigenous group? Why do you think so?
On the list that I made in the previous activity, most of the students are not belong to
particular indigenous group.

Reflection

Complete the following statements.

1. I realize that:
A school must provide a program for IP groups because it gives benefits and knowledge to
every student.

2. I believe that:
Being belong to IP group is a great privileged because they can showcase their unique culture
and beliefs to everyone and be respected by others.
 51

3. I feel that:
Being IP or non-IP student must be respected to have a rapport relationship to each other and
promote unity to the curriculum.

4. When it is my time to become a teacher, I will:

I introduce my students to the cultural diversity present in our country through the IPs
(Intercultural Perspectives) program. By doing so, I aim to impart my knowledge and instill
in them the values of respect and cultural sensitivity. This will help them appreciate and
understand the various cultures that exist within our society.

Lesson 1: Planning and Management of the Teaching and Learning

Process

Observation

A. Check whether the ff. teaching and learning tools are present in the classroom that you have
observed.
Learning Tools Present None
1. Lesson Plan ✔️
2. Kto12 Curriculum ✔️
Guide
3. Teachers Manual or ✔️
textbook
4. Reference Materials ✔️
5. Instructional Material ✔️

Other teaching tools present:

Google Classroom
Microsoft PowerPoint

B. Ask the cooperating teacher to show his or her lesson plan to you. Analyze the lesson plan
by checking the appropriate box.

Subject English
Grade Year Level Grade 2
Topic Active and Passive Voice

Standards Yes No
1. The objectives are measurable and developmentally ✔️
appropriate for the grade level of the students.
 52

2. The content is appropriate for the grade level of the ✔️

students.
3. The instructional materials needed for the lesson are ✔️
identified.
4. The sequence of instruction (instructional procedure) ✔️
is easy to follow and logical
5. The sequence of instruction follows an appropriate ✔️
instructional design or learning theory.
6. Creative learning experiences are used in the lesson. ✔️

7. Differentiated learning is used in the selection of ✔️

learning activities.
8. Assessment of learning is included in the ✔️
instructional procedure.

Other comments and observations:

- Allow teachers to modify them to best activate each individual learner needs or learning
style using teaching tools.

A. Check (/) the box that corresponds to what you have observed in class. You may write
further remarks in the last column.

Developmentally Appropriate
Teaching Practice Observed Not Observe Remarks
1. Uses different teaching strategies Satisfied
2. Promotes positive classroom Satisfied
environment
3. Respects the learning styles and Satisfied
abilities of the learners
4. Differentiates learning activities Satisfied
[Link] active learning Satisfied
6. Uses different instructional material Satisfied
7. Uses different motivation strategy Satisfied
[Link] the objective of the lessons Satisfied
effectively
9. Recalls prerequisite knowledge and Satisfied
experiences of the learners before
proceeding to the lesson
10. Presents lesson in meaningful way Satisfied
that is easy to understand.
11. Provides clear examples to explain Satisfied
concept
12. Provides opportunity for students to Satisfied
practice/apply what they learned
13. Processes questions and difficulties Satisfied
of students
14. Uses learning strategies that Satisfied
develops creativity and critical thinking
15. Provides helpful feedback to help Satisfied
students understand the lesson
16. Encourages students to do their best Satisfied
in accomplishing each learning task.
17. Promotes positive learning behavior Satisfied
and values in the lesson.
18. Observes professionalism in Satisfied
handling students’ behavior.
19. Shows enthusiasm and interest in Satisfied
every aspect of teaching.
 53

20. Uses appropriate assessment tools to Satisfied

measure learning outcomes

Other comments and observations:

Overall of my observation the process of their teaching shown the development of teaching and
learning processes to meet curriculum requirement.

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following questions.

1. What developmentally appropriate learning principles and strategies are observed in class?
- From my observations, the teacher employed a highly effective approach to classroom learning.
By creating an active learning environment, students are encouraged to freely interact with one another.
Additionally, the teacher prioritizes meeting the needs and interests of each individual learner, resulting in
a highly effective learning experience.
2. What are the things that need to be improved by the teacher?
- In my opinion, the teacher's pedagogical methods for meeting the needs of their students, along
with their classroom performance, require improvement in order to become a proficient educator for their
students.
[Link] do the developmentally appropriate teaching practices improve the students' learning
ability?
- By encouraging students to engage in activities that enhance their skills and setting achievable
goals, their learning abilities will improve and continue to develop.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that:
1. Every student possesses their own distinct learning style, thought process, strengths, and
weaknesses. It is important not to compare them with other students as they have their own individual
learning abilities.
2. I believe that:
- The teacher has the duty to identify the needs, desires, and interests of the students.
Understanding the learners and providing them with an assessment that they can genuinely comprehend is
crucial for developing the curriculum.
3. I feel that:
- In order to promote successful learning, effective learning and motivation are essential. I four
students do not learn from us; we cannot claim to be an effective teacher.
4. When I become a teacher, I will:
- Prioritize meticulous planning of my classroom lessons, with particular emphasis on the teaching
and learning methods employed, to guarantee their effectiveness for my students.
 54

Lesson 2: Aligning Learning Outcomes with Learning Competencies

Observation

A. Answer the following questions:

1. Does the school have a copy of the whole K to 12 curriculum guides?
Public and private schools are required by the Department of Education to have a complete
set of K to 12 curriculum guides. These guides form the basis of what students should learn.
2. Is the curriculum guide available to all teachers?
The teachers possess the curriculum guide and are assigned to educate the students in the K12
system. They have the responsibility of nurturing students' independent learning abilities and
imparting the knowledge and skills required for future success.
[Link] the teachers using the K to 12 curriculum guides in planning their lessons?
The teacher must adhere to the K to 12 curriculum guides when preparing their lessons to
help students achieve their goals and objectives.
4. Are the teachers aware of the differences between content standards, performance standards, and
learning competencies?
Prior to preparing their teaching style, teachers attend a seminar/orientation where they learn
about content standards, performance standards, and learning competencies. This knowledge
helps them choose the most effective strategies for their students' learning and needs.

B. From the lesson plans of five cooperating teachers, provide five examples of learning
outcomes based on each of the three learning domains.
 55

[Link] students can describe the main ideas of a

theory.
[Link] students can identify and compare figures of
Knowledge speech.
[Link] students can identify general and specific
statements.
[Link] students can recite 20 poetic devices.
[Link] students can define the difference of active
and passive voice in a statement
[Link] students can present information to others.
[Link] students can write a poetry using figures of
speech.
[Link] students can collaborate with their
Skills classmates by asking a question to collect
information by using different strategies.
[Link] students composed five statements using
poetic devices.
[Link] students composed ten statements using
active and passive voice.
[Link] students engage in disseminating factual
information.
[Link] students are able to express their feeling or
emotions by writing a literary piece.
[Link] a conversation they can use and apply
the different strategies used in collecting
Value
information in society.
[Link] impress and expressed feelings
towards individual or society.
5. The students already enhance their grammar
skills and able to apply in an organization or
society, 21st century skills.

C. Check the alignment of the learning outcomes with the teaching and learning strategies
used by the corresponding teachers in their lesson plans. Write down the learning outcomes
and teaching strategies and then check the box that corresponds to your findings.
Learning Outcome Teaching Strategies Aligned Not Aligned
Lesson 1: The students Identify key ideas EN4WC-II-d-5.1 / ✓
can identify the main EN4WC-II-e-5.1
ideas of the theory. Recognize main/key ideas EN4LC-II-b-3.3
Lesson 2: The students Ask simple questions EN4L-IVf-1.17.2 ✓
can recite 20 poetic
devices.
Lesson 3: The students Identify figures of speech that’s how ✓
can identify and comparison (simile, metaphor,
compare figures of personification) EN4V-II-d-10.1.2 Identify
speech figures of speech that show emphasis
(hyperbole and litotes)
EN4V-IIf-10.1.4
Lesson 4: The students The students can identify strategies used in ✓
can identify general collecting information. EN2RC-IV-d-10.2
and specific statements

Lesson 5: The students Use the passive and active voice ✓

can define the meaningfully in varied contexts
difference of active and EN2G-III-c-2 EN2G-III-d-2
passive voice in a
statement.

D. Check the alignment of the learning outcomes with the teaching and learning strategies
used by the corresponding teachers in their lesson plan. Write down the learning outcomes
and teaching strategies and then check the box that corresponds to your finding.
Learning Outcomes Teaching Strategies Aligned Not Aligned
 56

Lesson 1. The students can Lecture ✓

identify the main ideas of a
theory.
Lesson 2. The students can Didactic Questioning ✓
recite 20poetic devices.
Lesson 3. The students can Compare and ✓
identify and compare Contrast
figures of speech.
Lesson 4. The students can Discussion ✓
identify general and
specific statements.
Lesson [Link] students can Discussion ✓
define the difference of
active and passive voice in
a statement.

E. Check the alignment of the learning outcomes with the assessment tools used by the
cooperating teachers in their lesson plans. Write down the learning outcomes and
assessment tools, then check the box that corresponds to your findings.
Learning Outcomes Assessment Tools Aligned Not Aligned
Lesson 1. The students can Formative Assessment ✓
identify the main ideas of a
theory.
Lesson 2. The students can Summative ✓
recite 20poetic devices. Assessment
Lesson 3. The students can Summative ✓
identify and compare Assessment
figures of speech.
Lesson 4. The students can Summative ✓
identify general and Assessment
specific statements.
Lesson 5. The students can Formative Assessment ✓
define the difference of
active and passive voice in
a statement.

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following questions.

[Link] the teachers aware of the function of the K to 12 curriculum guides? Explain your answer.
 Teachers are well aware of the importance of K-12 curriculum guides. These guides are
essential for teachers to effectively design and develop lesson plans. By providing a clear
framework, curriculum guidelines help teachers establish specific learning objectives for their
students to attain.
[Link] the teachers using the curriculum guide in planning their lesson? Explain your answer.
 Yes, Teachers rely on the curriculum guide to effectively plan their lessons as it is an
indispensable tool in their teaching career. Without it, they would struggle to teach their
students efficiently.
3. What types of learning outcomes are emphasized in every lesson (knowledge, skills, and values)?
 In every class, the focus is on three domains of learning outcomes: cognitive, affective, and
psychomotor. These three elements are extremely important, as students need to achieve them
in every lesson to truly learn. Not only can they gain knowledge and facts, but they can also
develop values from the lessons being taught.
[Link] the learning outcomes of the teachers aligned with the learning competency?
 57

 Yes, The teachers aligned their learning objectives with the learning competency, making it the
foundation for addressing knowledge, skills, and values during the class.
[Link] the learning strategies of the teachers aligned with the learning outcomes?
 Yes, Teachers' learning strategies are aligned with the learning outcomes to determine the
students' comprehension of the lessons. By considering students' strategies, teachers can
evaluate the effectiveness of their teaching methods.
6. Are the assessment tools of the teachers aligned with the learning outcomes?
 Yes, the teacher's assessment tools are aligned with the learning outcomes because assessment
methods allow students to demonstrate what they've learned.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that:
- Teachers should utilize two levels of alignment, namely macro and micro skills, to ensure that the
curriculum is relevant to students' needs and aligned with their learning capabilities.
2. I believe that:
- Learning outcomes, also referred to as learning objectives or instructional objectives, should be
both effective and efficient for students to learn from us, as it is an assessment that impacts their learning.
3. I feel that:
- Students cannot learn without this curriculum. In order to ensure that students have the right
learning opportunities, it is crucial for the instructor and curriculum to be connected.
4. When I become a teacher, I will
- I will ensure that I follow the guidelines set out in the curriculum guide. I am committed to
meeting all of my students' needs and desires. Additionally, I will ensure that the new curriculum is
wellcoordinated and effective.
 58

Lesson 3 Relevance and Responsiveness of Learning Programs

Observation

A. Before starting your observation, it is important to read the annual plan (if private) or school
improvement plan (if public) of the school where you are assigned. Write a request letter to the principal
noted by your student teaching supervisor.
B. Based on the annual plan or the school improvement plan, what learning programs are provided
for the students.
Learning Program Months Implemented
• Special Education Program • 12 months
• Curriculum for the Gifted • 10 months
• Transition Program • 12 months
• Science Education Program • 11 months

C. Request an interview with the teachers and the principal. Ask the following questions.
1. How does the school plan for each learning program?
Mrs. Floresita R. Sadueste, the school principal, states that the school's learning program is
designed based on the evaluation and monitoring results from the previous year. This helps
identify the areas that require improvement or maintenance.

2. Who are involved in planning?

All the teachers in the school, along with the school coordinator, barangay officials, SPG
officers, and FPTA officers, were actively engaged in the planning of the ESIP's program and
projects, as per our interviews.

3. Are the stakeholders involved in planning the different learning programs? If yes, how are
they involved?
Yes, Internal and external stakeholders were actively involved in the planning of the ESIP's
different programs as implementation partners. Each program was closely monitored to
ensure the achievement of the learners' learning goals and objectives.

4. How does each learning program contribute to the development of the curriculum goals?
According to her, every educational program aids in accomplishing the objectives of the
curriculum. The current programs prioritize the formation of responsible citizens and
wellrounded individuals, aligning with the K-12 curriculum's overarching aim.

5. How does the school monitor and evaluate the implementation of each learning program?
She stated that the school conducts quarterly or yearly evaluations and monitoring of
program implementation to assess its achievements, identify any challenges faced or reasons
for poor performance, and provide recommendations for enhancing the program's learning
outcomes.

I didn’t include or answer this one, since we interview a teacher coming from public school. D.
If the school is private, gather the following data and information:

[Link] type of curriculum is implemented?

[Link] are the special features of the school's curriculum?
[Link] learning programs are implemented to support the curriculum?
[Link] does the learning programs support the philosophy of the school?
 59

:
E. Identify the extra- and co-curricular programs being implemented in the school.

• For extracurricular programs conduct outreach programs.

• The schools conduct webinars for the community for their spiritual growth, professional
preparedness for teachers and intercultural engagement and self-sufficiency through and
outreach programs.

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following questions.

1. How do the different learning programs support the development of the students?
- The different educational systems enhance learners' skills in resolving disputes. This will
enable students to be well-prepared for future training sessions in their upcoming projects.
2. How does each learning program support the goals and objectives of the curriculum?
- Training programs play a crucial role in helping the school achieve its curriculum goals.
They offer effective solutions to address various issues and difficulties that teachers and
students may encounter.
3. How does the school monitor and evaluate the implementation of each learning program?
- They execute their strategic plan to oversee and assess the execution of every
educational program, guaranteeing that the programs contribute to students' learning and
growth.
4. What are the challenges and problems in the implementation of each learning program?
- Developing academic interventions is a challenging and resource-intensive task. The
committee's initial responsibility is to evaluate the program's impact on various stakeholders,
including teachers, parents, children, and others. Additionally, the institution needs to create
suitable technologies and content to support the curriculum. Planning is crucial to ensure a
successful outcome, including selecting a relevant theme that aligns with the situation and
the students.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that
- Students can gain knowledge about various aspects of life if the school implements a suitable
program. This will enable them to comprehend the happenings in the world around them. Moreover, it
will serve as a catalyst for students to exhibit improved behavior and take different actions in the
classroom.
2. I believe that
- Seminars and workshops can greatly influence students' perspectives and engagement in real-
world activities. These events not only enhance students' skills but also provide teachers with new
teaching methods and opportunities to work with diverse learners.
3. I feel that
- Effective teaching and learning are beneficial for both educators and students involved in diverse
educational programs.
 60

4. When I become a teacher, I will

- Create and oversee effective initiatives that empower students to fully engage in and take
ownership of their education. While not all programs are effective, there is one exceptional program that
positively impacts all students.
Lesson 4 Enriching Teaching Practices through Professional
Collaboration

Observation

A. Ask permission from any school to gather the following data and answer the succeeding
questions.
Total Enrollment 2, 816
Enrolment per Grade Level 434
Number of Sections Per Grade Level 34
Average Class Size 35
Total Number of Teachers 89
Number of Teachers with MA units 7
Number of Teachers with MA 0
Number of Teachers with Doctorate Degree 1
Number of Master Teachers 3
Average Year of Service for Teacher 15

1. Does the school implement a mentoring program for its teachers? How?
Yes, through Learning Action Cell.
2. Does the school conduct professional meetings to discuss learning issues and problems?
Yes, they present new teaching method and provide tips on how to handle various situation
inside and outside the classroom.
3. Does the school support the continuing education and development of its teachers? How?
Yes, there is a government program to support teachers in their chosen field, but it has
limitations. Consequently, teachers have to invest in their own professional growth.
4. How do expert teachers help other teachers in improving their teaching practices?
Learning Action Cell Program
5. What are the different teaching collaboration activities available or done by the teachers to
improve their teaching practices?
In-serving training
6. Is there an existing academic collaboration between the school/teachers and higher
education institutions? If yes, what forms of collaboration are done?
No!

B. Ask permission to attend a faculty meeting or a professional meeting in the school Answer
the following questions:

1. Is sharing of good teaching practices part of the meeting? What types of good teaching
practices are shared?
o Absolutely! The meeting will include a conversation about successful teaching methods.
Two highly effective educational resources, especially in times of a pandemic, are
recording instructional videos and organizing online symposiums for students, teachers,
and parents.
2. How do teachers discuss issues and problems related to teaching and learning?
o In most cases, instructors initiate the class by acknowledging the students' achievements,
followed by addressing their concerns or issues collectively. If needed, they may also
request potential solutions.
3. How do teachers observe professionalism during the meeting?
o The official gathering commences with a prayer and salutations from the instructor.
Then, the schedule will be presented with important matters elaborated. Share some of
your worries and apprehensions regarding your pupils' progress and other factors.
Embrace suggestions from your guardians and maintain a constructive bond with them.
 61

:
4. Do the teachers include in their agenda how the result of learning assessment should be
utilized to improve instruction?
o Yes, in their agenda they discuss how learning assessment results will be utilized to
enhance education. They hold a formal meeting to analyze the outcomes of their
students' education in order to devise a more effective strategy for enhancing their
learning.

C. Identify the different continuing education and development programs offered to teachers
to understand the instructional demands of the K to 12 curriculums.

The following are some of the learning and training programs available to teachers in
order to help them grasp the pedagogical standards of the K–12syllabus:

A teacher education program for pre-primary students

Teacher education program for primary school teachers
A program for secondary teacher education
Post-secondary education

Processing

Read the questions carefully and answer the following questions.

1. What are the implications of the data gathered during the preliminary activity?
▪ If the preparation exercise is specific, the teacher will have the ability to identify the
strengths and weaknesses of the students. This will enable them to differentiate between
exceptional and average students, as well as gain insight into the students' learning
potential.
2. How can the school utilize the data to develop better professional collaboration among
teachers to improve their teaching practices?
▪ It is recommended that teachers attend a training program every two months to exchange
and improve their teaching methods. This will enable them to adopt or even develop new
teaching strategies and styles to enhance their educational practices.
3. How can the school promote stronger collaboration among its teachers?
▪ The school promotes collaboration among teachers by arranging an event where they can
engage and build positive connections with their co-teachers.
4. How does the school support and sustain a culture of excellence among teachers and other
staff?
▪ To foster a culture of continuous improvement among instructors and employees, the
institution needs to nurture a mindset that encourages and fosters cultural awareness.
Embrace equality and accountability in the classroom, irrespective of individuals'
ethnicity or culture.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that
Educators who encounter diverse mandatory teaching tasks tend to communicate their ideas
with peers and effectively address their students' issues during class. Collaborating and
sharing their knowledge is crucial for enhancing the implementation of the curriculum.
2. I believe that
Teachers have the opportunity to explore various strategies and tap into the knowledge of
their peers to discover the most effective methods for their students. Additionally, it can help
identify a student's learning potential and areas of interest.
 62

3. I feel that
Through classroom discussions on teacher strategies and techniques, educators can identify
suitable teaching styles for each student. This allows them to involve students in varied,
reallife activities.
4. When I become a teacher, I will
Plan to apply all the knowledge I've gained. Collaborating with my peers, we'll share
strategies for managing diverse students. My top priority is to ensure my students receive the
best education possible. I aim to continuously improve my skills, including the ability to
multitask and monitor each student's progress.

Lesson 5 Utilizing Teaching and Learning Resources and ICT

Observation

A. Identify different teaching and learning resources available in the school.

Categories Examples
Print Printer, Scanner and Photocopier
Audiovisual Materials Projectors, TV and Microphone
Assessment Tools Books, Handouts, Computers and Test papers
Learning Objects Computer, books, laboratories
Visual Materials Projectors, books, computer, News paper
Audio Materials Speakers, Computers, Microphones, Speech Lab
ICT-based Materials Computer, Audio-visual room, projectors,
computer lab

B. Check whether the school has the following learning resources:

Library
Basic Science Laboratories
Internet Facilities
ICT Laboratory
Technology and Livelihood Education Laboratory
Audiovisual Room
Gymnasium
Clinic
Guidance Office
Speech Laboratory
Auditorium
Faculty Room

C. Observe the classroom environment

Criteria for Observation Observed Not Observation/Comments
Observed
1. Classroom are conductive for Teacher creates a learning-friendly
learning. atmosphere in the classroom and
makes sure that the students have
access to all necessary learning
materials.
2. Classroom have enough The teacher prioritizes having
lighting and ventilation. enough lighting and ventilation in the
classroom so that the pupils can
clearly see what is printed on the
board and what they are writing.
 63

:
3. Classroom are free of any The teacher keeps a close eye on the
hazard. classroom to ensure that the students
are safe. She is always concerned
about the safety of each and every
student.
4. Classroom are crowded. The classroom is not overcrowded
because the number of pupils in the
room is just right.
5. Classroom is clean. The instructor was responsible for
keeping the classroom clean. To allow
students to move around freely within
the classroom

D. Analyze the lesson plans of the cooperating teachers. Examine how technology is used to
support the implementation of particular learning outcomes. Provide an example.
Learning Competencies Topics Instructional Materials Needed

[Link] coordinating
conjunctions.
[Link] words, phrases, and
clauses using coordinating Coordinating Conjunctions Laptop, projector, manila paper,
conjunctions. marker
[Link] harmonious
relationship through good
communication and cooperation.
[Link] sentences according to
their uses.
[Link] declarative, Types of Sentences According to Types of Sentences According to
interrogative, imperative, and Use Use Pictures, laptop,
exclamatory sentences. [Link] projector, manila paper, marker
teamwork and cooperation
through participating in a group
activity.
[Link] active and passive
voice;
[Link] the sentence changing
the voice from active to passive Active and Passive Voice Cardboard, bond paper, marker
voice.
[Link] the lesson by
showing active participation of
the students towards the lesson.
[Link] morphology and
morphemes.
[Link] types of
morphemes Morphology Visual aid, marker, card board,
[Link] the importance of our manila paper
own culture by preserving our
tradition.

E. Observe how technology is used to enhance teaching and learning process.

Learning Outcomes Instructional Materials Used Observation
Define and Connect Laptop, projector, manila paper, The teacher is displaying a
Coordinating Conjunctions marker, video clip video clip while discussing the
using words, phrases and lesson on a laptop and projector.
clauses. Additionally, teacher provide
manila paper and a marker for
the group activity.
 64

Construct declarative, Pictures, laptop, projector During the discussion, the

interrogative, imperative and teacher used photos and pasted
exclamatory sentences according them on the board. Then, for the
their uses. duration of the debate, she used
a laptop and a projector.
Rewrite the sentence changing Manila paper, cardboard, bond The students began the
the voice from active to passive. paper, marker discussion by engaging in group
exercises using bond paper. The
instructor conducted the
discussion on manila paper. She
employed cardboard to identify
the sentences printed on it.
Explain and Classify the Laptop, pictures, projectors, The teacher presented the lesson
difference between figurative speaker using a laptop and pictures. She
and literal language. also used a video clip in class
and provided a speaker so that
the students could hear the clip.
 65

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following questions.

1. Are there enough teaching and learning resources available in school?
Yes, there are sufficient teaching and learning resources in the school for both teachers and
students to use.

2. How are these teaching and learning resources utilized in teaching and learning?
Teaching and learning resources are used in teaching and learning by teachers to present their
discussions to their students and for the students to understand the lesson more readily.

3. How do these teaching and learning resources help attain learning outcomes?
Teaching and learning materials assist students in achieving learning outcomes by allowing
them to form positive connections with learners' knowledge and experience, allowing them to
expand their own capacities.

4. How do these teaching and learning resources improve the quality of students' learning?
Teaching and learning resources assist students build more information and strengthen their
learning strategies, values, and attitudes, which improves the quality of their learning.

5. What teaching and learning resources are lacking in the school?

The internet connection is one of the teaching and learning resources that the school lacks
because it is located in a rural area where the internet connection is very inconsistent

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that
Teachers must employ modernized teaching tactics, including the usage of enhanced
innovation teaching methods, rather than relying primarily on traditional teaching methods.
They must choose an appropriate method for clearly communicating knowledge.

2. I believe that
Teachers, especially in this time of pandemic, must study or participate in any innovation
activities to improve their skills in this new manner of teaching. We need to be more up to
date, aware, and capable of displaying confidence in the use of technology in the classroom
as instructors.

3. I feel that
We still need to involve students in stage performances, despite the fact that computer
education makes our tasks easier and faster. Everything is done through the internet, just as it
was during the pandemic. To inspire students to enjoy performing their work, teachers must
be more imaginative.

4. When I become a teacher, I will

Benefit from more engaging and relevant teaching and experiences. In order to introduce the
lesson and provide information, I shall use technology. And improve my understanding and
skills in using technology in the classroom. Creativity must be cultivated. I need to enroll in
classes that will dramatically improve my ability to interact and teach students through
technology.
 66

LESSON 1: Design, Selection, Organization, and Utilization of

Assessment Strategies

Observation

A. Define the meaning of assessment by completing this acronym with a word that is related to
assessment.
A- ccredation
S- trategy for Excellence
S- tandards
E- stimation
S- urvey
S- tudent- Centered
M- easurement
E- valuation
N- urturing
T- est

B. Compare diagnostic, formative, and summative assessments by completing this Venn

diagram.

C. Observe the assessment strategies used by your cooperating teacher in class. List down five
assessment strategies and categorize the type of each assessment strategy.

Assessment Types of Assessment

 67

1. Pre-test Diagnostic Assessment

2. Quiz Formative Assessment

3. Projects Summative Assessment

4. Journal Formative Assessment

5. Exam/Test Summative Assessment

D. Interview the cooperating teacher on how he or she uses the results of diagnostic, formative,
and summative assessments.

1. Results of diagnostic assessments

• The outcomes serve as the basis for my decision-making process on how to promote and
enhance learning in the classroom.

2. Results of formative assessments

• I utilize the outcome of formative assessment to identify challenging ideas, skills, and
learning standards for students. This helps me adjust lessons, instructional strategies, and
academic support as necessary to ensure student understanding.
3. Results of summative assessments
• I rely on results to determine if the learning goals for a specific module have been
achieved. This approach helps me assess if the learner is prepared to proceed to the next
lesson, which is crucial for effective learning.

Other comments and observations:

 None

PROCESSING

Read carefully and answer the following questions.

1. What will happen if the teacher uses the same assessment strategy every day?
 If the teacher keeps using the same assessment method, students may get bored easily. This is
why some students lose their interest and concentration in studying. Such an approach is not
helpful in enhancing students' cognitive, emotional, and psychomotor learning.

2. Which of the three assessment strategies has been used more often in class? Why do you think
so?
 Formative assessment is being utilized more often in the classroom. Once we finish discussing
our lessons, our teacher assigns a lengthy quiz every Wednesday. This quiz aids in our self-
awareness of our progress and encourages us to assess our own learning.

3. In your own opinion, which of the three assessment strategies is the most important? Explain
your answer.
 I believe that the most crucial assessment among the three is the summative assessment. This is
because it helps teachers evaluate if their students are meeting the expected learning standards
and making adequate academic progress. Based on this assessment, teachers can modify their
teaching methods, lesson plans, or instructional materials for the next lesson or unit.

4. How does assessment improve the students' learning and the teachers' performance?
 Assessments improve students' learning by focusing on three areas: cognitive, affective, and
psychomotor learning. This leads to holistic learning and growth for the students. Moreover,
assessments also help teachers by ensuring they follow the correct procedures in developing,
planning, and implementing effective teaching and learning strategies.
 68

REFLECTION

Complete the following:

1. I realized that
Using different assessment will help teachers in improving their teaching.

2. I believe that
Different assessments that are suitable in lessons are important for learners and teacher growth or
development.

3. I feel that
Formative assessment is the most important among all and teachers mostly use it.

4. When I become a teacher, I will

Apply what I’ve learned through this lesson, even in my demo teaching.
 62

LESSON 2: Monitoring and Evaluation of Learner Progress and

Achievement
A.

Observation

Observe how your cooperating teacher monitors the following:

1. Seatwork
Observation 1: Ma’am Nonie, keeps a close eye on her students throughout group
activities and delivers clear instructions
Observation 2: Questioning Instructions - Before allowing her students to undertake the
task, she carefully explains her instructions
Observation 3: Teacher Nonie double-checks the proper answers and provides positive
feedback and reinforcement after the task is completed
2.
Students' comprehension during discussion

Observation 1: She presented using an inquiry-based approach, in which pupils were

asked to answer questions and analyze concepts.
Observation 2: Her students can compare their responses to those of their peers because
she allows peer learning.
Observation 3: She also puts music in the background so that the students may unwind
while working on their projects.
Examination
3.
Observation 1: Teacher constantly double-checks the right response of the best student
in class after they have passed all of the exams
Observation 2: However, our teacher must first offer clear and specific directions therefore,
the students can understand them.
Observation 3: The teacher keeps an eye on his or her students to see if they are
cheating.

Homework
4. Observation 1: Give specific directions.
Observation 2: Demonstrate how to do homework assignments.
Observation 3: Of course, when the students have submitted their answers, teacher verify
to see if they are correct.
 70

B. Complete the table below by making an inventory of academic excellence awardees.

School Name: San Jose Pilot Elementary School Grading

Period: 1st Quarter School Year: 2023-2024

Section A Section B Section C Section D Section E

With Highest Honors 98-2 98-2 98-1 98-2 98-1

With High Honors 96- 3 95- 3 95- 2 96-1 97-1

With Honors 92- 1 90- 2 91-3 91-2 90-3

TOTAL 6 7 6 5 5

C. Based on your inventory of the learners' achievement per section, write five tips on how your
cooperating teacher can evaluate and recognize the student’s achievement.

Tip 1: Align instructions to learning standards.

Tip 2: Include formative assessment.
Tip 3: Provide consistent feedback.
Tip 4: Use the feedback loop concept.
Tip 5: Self-assess regularly.

Other comments and observation:

 One of the best ways to encourage is to explain how data from many kinds of assessment is used
to improve teaching and learning.

PROCESSING

Read carefully and answer the following questions.

[Link] of your observations in monitoring seatwork is the best? Why?

Targeted questioning based on student progress, because the question and the student compliment
to each other.

2. Which of your observations in monitoring students' comprehension during class discussion is the
best? Why?
Observation and interaction, it develops the relationship between the teacher and the students.

3. Which of your observations in monitoring examination is the best? Why?

Observation and interaction, exam enable both students and teacher to identify which areas
of the material students do not understand.

4. If you are going to handle an advisory class, how are you going to make your class awarding
unique?
To address the students' weaknesses and foster their growth, it is crucial to pinpoint the areas
where difficulties arise.

5. Which of the tips in evaluating and recognizing students' achievement is the best? Why?
Tip 1, as the most effective approach in assessing the academic progress of students due to
its ability to facilitate dependable determinations regarding educational planning.
 71

REFLECTION

Complete the following:

1. I realized that
We need to continue working on monitoring and evaluating their work. It is important to give
them feedback that will help them improve their learning. We should also provide positive
reinforcement by explaining the reasons behind something, rather than just giving the correct or
incorrect answer.

2. I believe that
Monitoring and evaluation allow us, as teachers, to assess if our students are actually learning
from us. It is also an opportunity for us to enhance our teaching abilities and deliver improved
instructions to our students.

3. I feel that
Effective feedback is crucial for helping learners fully understand and accept their mistakes.
By engaging in conversation and encouraging self-assessment, learners can identify their own
errors.

4. When I become a teacher, I will

Ensure that I am not too strict with my students when it comes to monitoring and evaluating
them. I understand that even during intense discussions, everything will be fine. It is important to
communicate with them and listen to their needs so that we can meet their requirements.

LESSON 3: Feedback to Improve Learning

Observation

A. Discuss the importance of giving constructive feedback to improve the students learning
Write your answer on the space below.

Constructive feedback plays a crucial role in enhancing learning outcomes. By providing

effective feedback, learners are able to reflect on their learning and identify areas for
improvement. This involves highlighting both the strengths and weaknesses of their work,
with a focus on the positive aspects. When students receive explanations about what is right
and wrong in their work, it greatly benefits their learning. Additionally, feedback offers
suggestions on how students can approach the identified areas of improvement.

B. Paste a sample of student activity or quiz. Highlight the feedback given by the teacher.
 72

C. Check YES if the

statement for
giving feedback to
students is observed.
Otherwise, check NO (adapted from Reynolds 2018)

Giving Student Feedback Yes No

1. The student feedback is educative

2. The student feedback is given in a timely manner

3. The teacher is sensitive to the individual needs of the students.

4. The teacher anticipates the four questions. (What can the students do? What can't the
students do? How does the students work compare with that of others? How can the student
do better?

5. The student feedback is a reference for skill or specific knowledge

6. The teachers give feedback to keep the students "on target" for achievement.

7. The teacher hosts a one-on-one conference

8. The student feedback is given verbally

9. The teacher concentrates on one ability

10. The teacher alternates due dates for students/classes

11. The teacher educates the students on how to give feedback to each other

12. The teacher asks another adult to give student feedback

13. The students take down notes on teachers verbal feedback

14. The teacher uses a notebook to keep tracks of student progress

15. The teacher returns tests, papers or comments cards at the beginning of the card

16. The teacher uses post it notes in giving written program

17. The teacher gives genuine praise

 73

18. The teacher uses the phrase “I noticed… in acknowledging the student effort

19. The teachers provide a model or an example

20. The teacher invites students to give YOU feedback

Other comments and observations:

 Because some learners have been unable to receive comments from other learners, it is
preferable for us to provide feedback on their tasks and activities as they are passed.

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following questions.

[Link] is the right time to provide constructive feedback: during or after the students'
performance?
I believe it is better to give feedback to students once they have finished their work.
Interrupting them while they are still working is not a wise choice. Instead, wait until they
have completed their performance to provide your critique, as you can only give an initial
evaluation before addressing any negative feedback you may have noticed.

2. How does giving feedback help in the instructional decisions of the teacher?
Providing feedback to teacher's aids helps them improve their planning skills and provide
appropriate teaching materials for the classroom. This will make it simpler for children to
understand and follow instructions.

3. What is the best practice of your cooperating teacher in giving feedback?

At our school, some teachers believe in using intrinsic motivation to keep students
motivated. They understand that teenagers need positive reinforcement to stay focused.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that
Providing feedback to students, like writing comments on their assignments, can assist them in
recognizing their mistakes and hopefully, acquiring the skills to avoid them in the future. This will
also motivate them to study diligently and engage in additional research to enhance their
comprehension, rather than solely relying on what is taught in class.
2. Believe that
Giving feedback to learners is another approach to strengthen their mistakes. This helps them
differentiate between correct and incorrect answers, and also aids students in recognizing errors
during activities.
3. I feel that
 74

Providing feedback in a suitable way can enhance students' learning as they can easily recognize
their errors and areas for improvement without feeling stressed.
4. When I become a teacher, I will
Honor my students' answers and offer constructive feedback that won't cause confusion or
undermine their confidence. I'll assess their responses without bias, no matter how different they
may be. I'll always appreciate their hard work and dedication to their assignments.

Lesson 4 Communication of learners’ Needs, Progress, and

Achievement to the key Stakeholders

Observation

A. Observe how your cooperating teacher communicates the students' needs and progress to
their parents when conducting a PTC and card distribution. Write a narrative report of the PTC on
the space provided.

NARRATIVE REPORT OF PARENT-TEACHER CONFERENCE

Grade and Section: Grade 2-Nightingale Grading Period: 2nd Quarter
Date: November 15, 2023
At our school, we organize an annual parent-teacher conference where the principal and collaborating
teachers come together to discuss important matters. The conference begins promptly with the presentation
of a specific topic for discussion. During this time, the teacher acknowledges the achievements of the
second-grade students and addresses any challenges they may be facing in the classroom that hinder their
learning progress. Once the topic presentation is concluded, the speaker invites parents to share their
comments and opinions on the proposed remedial activities suggested by the teacher. Each parent is given
dedicated time to discuss their concerns and thoughts with the school staff. Occasionally, certain issues
 75

discussed during the conference may lead to debates among parents, disagreements, or misunderstandings.
In such cases, the advisor steps in to provide a practical solution to resolve the problem. If a consensus is
reached among all parties involved, the conference concludes with a prayer.

B. Interview the cooperating teacher. Ask for some useful tips on how he or she communicates
the students' needs to the parents.
Tip 1: Always communicate in a manner and respect.

Tip 2: Arrange or make face to face discussions about students’ performance in class.
Tip 3: Suggest in a polite way, like a performance task to the parents to help the students pass in class.

C. Of the three useful tips given by your cooperating teacher, what is the most important?
Explain and write your answer below.

• Tip 2; Having face-to-face discussions to discuss about student's performance in class is a crucial way
to communicate the student's requirements to their parents. This allows the teacher and parents to
have a shared understanding of the discussion and likely have similar perceptions. It also enables
them to plan and implement appropriate remedies to address the student's needs.

D. Help in the preparation of a school-based recognition program. Write your experience and
cite the contributions you have made to make the recognition program successful.
I cannot help in preparing the recognition program because there is no recognition yet.

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following questions.

[Link] is PTC important?
 Parent-teacher conferences play a vital role as they enable teachers to have friendly conversations
with parents regarding their children's progress. It also provides an opportunity to discuss the
various factors that impact students' learning abilities. To effectively communicate and evaluate
students, both the teacher and parents need to establish mutual respect and understanding.
2. If you will conduct a PTC, what will you include in your agenda?
 If I do a PTC, I will include my students' classroom behavior in my schedule to find out why they
have uncontrollable personalities. This way, parents can help explain their children's behavior,
and teachers can better understand and connect with their students.
3. How will you communicate the failing grade of a student to the parent?
 If a student fails in my class, I will arrange a meeting with one of their parents to discuss how
they can support their child. Additionally, I will suggest a project that can assist the student in
enhancing their grades.
4. What will you suggest to the parent of a student who got a failing mark twice in the same
subject?
 It is important to advise parents to closely monitor their child and inquire about the specific tasks
or assignments they need to complete or pass during the session. Parents should make an effort
to pay attention to their child's needs and understand what they require.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that
 76

Taking immediate action to address the needs of learners will help them grasp important learning
concepts and meet the demands of students. Effective communication of assessment outcomes is a
crucial aspect of assessment principles.
2. I believe that
Students rely on both teachers and parents for help and guidance in terms of effort and attention.
Parents, as guardians, should closely monitor their children's academic performance, as it is a
precious treasure that will last even after they are no longer here.
3. I feel that
Assessing the needs of our students is something we should never tire of. If our students fail our
class, we must offer them remedial teaching. As educators, we should conduct further research on
how to deliver remedial lessons effectively, ensuring that they have an amazing learning experience
the next time.
4. When I become a teacher, I will
Allow my students' parents to participate in all school activities. They will be able to keep track of
their pupils' progress and needs. They must devote time and effort to get along with the teachers
in order to determine whether or not their child is truly interested in their studies.

Lesson 5: Use of Assessment Data to Enhance Teaching and

Learning Practices and Programs

Observation

A. Observe how your cooperating teacher uses the data from student assessments to improve
classroom instruction. List five best practices of using the student assessment data.
1. Assessment can be used to determine a student's strengths and weaknesses.
2. It assists teachers in delivering differentiated education.
3. Teachers will be able to establish the appropriate tasks to students based on their assessment
results.
4. It assists them in identifying which aspect of teaching requires improvement, whether it is their
teaching methods or the instructional materials they use.
5. They can also use assessment to determine which students are great and which are ordinary
learners.
 77

B. Interview the school principal. Ask five ways by which the teachers can use assessment data to
improve school programs.
1. By utilizing assessment data, teachers can align their lesson objectives with their students' needs,
enabling them to progress in any educational program.
2. Enhancing their skills and knowledge in developing educational resources suitable for diverse
students and easily shared with fellow educators and school programs.
3. It will assess the effectiveness of instructors in the classroom and allow them to determine which
teacher conferences can be used.
4. Teachers can use this program to foster mutual understanding and respect among themselves,
which can be demonstrated in any educational setting.
5. The program will acknowledge the unique needs and abilities of each student, which can be
implemented in teacher training to enhance their understanding of exceptional learners.

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following questions.

[Link] of the five best practices of using the assessment data to improve classroom instruction
shown by your cooperating teacher is the most important? Why?
Assessment data is valuable for recognizing students' strengths and weaknesses, making it an
effective method to enhance classroom education. By understanding your students' skills through
diagnosis, you can employ different teaching approaches and provide relevant instructions and
activities. This enables collaborating teachers to improve their teaching abilities and skills
effectively.
[Link] of the five ways of using assessment data to improve school programs mentioned by the
principal is the best? Why?
The top-notch information is that it will enhance their ability and knowledge in creating teaching
materials that will be suitable for the students' characteristics, which is one of the five evaluations
mentioned by the principal to enhance school programs. If a teacher's program concentrates on
assessing a student's learning ability, the teacher will be able to identify the appropriate strategies
to meet the student's requirements.
[Link] the cooperating teacher. Ask him/her about his or her thoughts on the previous school
year and what he or she has done to improve this year.
Amid the pandemic, students are experiencing blended learning methods, which require teachers
to adapt. They need to adjust not only in their interactions with students but also in utilizing
technology for education, exploring different web tools to stay connected with their students,
presenting instructional materials, and delivering lessons. However, teachers cannot ensure that
students are truly learning since self-learning plays a vital role.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that

• Teachers can enhance their daily teaching methods by creating customized educational
interventions for each student. This approach will also enable them to set specific goals for both
students and teachers, leading to more effective learning.
2. I Believe that

• Students achieve optimal learning outcomes when they engage in activities such as explaining,
solving problems, facing challenges, making errors, and learning from their mistakes. However,
 78

for this approach to be effective, it is crucial that the teacher has already evaluated the students'
requirements.
3. I feel that

• Students possess an understanding of others' emotions. They prefer to acquire knowledge about
subjects that directly affect people's lives rather than learning about impersonal facts. If teachers
are unaware of this, they will be unable to unlock their students' full learning potential.
4. When I become a teacher, I will

• Make my students aware of certain factors that they believe are leading to their academic failures
or difficulties in getting along with their peers. By teaching them respect, I aim to foster effective
communication among them and encourage peer learning. This way, they can learn from each
other's unique learning methods and enhance their overall learning experience.

LESSON 1: Establishment of learning environments that are

Responsive to Community Contexts

Observation

A. Conduct a survey in school. Gather the following information.

 79

Name of School: San Jose Pilot Elementary School

Address: Barangay III, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro
Date: November 15, 2023

• Provide a brief historical background and demographic profile of the school. Complete the
following information.

Date Established : January 1, 1972

Total Number of Students : 1,479
Total Number of Teachers : 15
Race / Ethnicity of Students and Teachers : Filipino
Religion : Christianity

• Describe the physical and psychological environment of the school:

The physical and psychological environment of the school was conducive for learning. The
rooms were very clean as well as the chairs were properly arranged according to its proper
distance. To sum up it all, their school was very particular with cleanliness.

• Provide a brief historical background and demographic profile of the community. Complete the
following information:

Date Established : June 12, 1772

Estimated Total Population : 4,007
Race / Ethnicity : Filipino
Major Source of Income : Handicraft, Agriculture
Religions : Christianity

• Describe the physical and psychological environment of the community:

Has different activity area with clear, physical and visual boundaries safe, and welcoming or
hospitality.

• Identify cultural and traditional practices/beliefs within the community. Celebrating Festivals
Traditional Dances
Holidays
Medical Treatment Practices
Religious and Spiritual Practices

B. Interview the cooperating teacher. Ask the following questions:

1. Does the school have active school-community partnership?
Yes, to promote supportive, positive, uplifting foundation.
[Link] are involved in the school - community partnership?
The teacher, students and the people in the community.

[Link] the school engage members of the community in school activities?

 80

Yes, in some school program.

[Link] are the school programs/projects supported by the community?
Gulayan sa Paaralan, Brigada Eskwela
[Link] are the activities conducted by the school to raise cultural sensitivity and awareness?
Presentation, creative projects, multicultural decorations and more.
[Link] the school have community extension programs?

Yes
[Link] are the programs/projects extended by the school to the community?
Community clean-up, Out reached program,
[Link] the teachers aware of the background of the community where the school is located?
Yes, it helps them learn how to tackle challenge, build knowledge, and thrive.
[Link] does the school promote contextualization and localization to its teachers?
By address risk factors and promote protective practices.
10. Are the lesson contextual?
Yes, it understands the need for teaching and learning in many contexts.

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following questions.

[Link] does community affect the learning environment?
Helps to identify issues and problem in school education and supports to give quality education
for the development of the society.
[Link] important is curriculum contextualization and localization of lessons and learning materials?
This helps the learners to acquire new skills and knowledge. It also develops their abilities and
attitudes.
[Link] strategies are you going to use in order create a culturally-responsive learning
environment?

Active students’ prior knowledge Make learning Contextual

Reconsider your classroom setup.
[Link] will you use the data you have gathered from the preliminary activity?
It helps in providing that my topic can be truthful Evaluating the effectiveness.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that
 Establish learning environment that are responsive in setting clear goals and planning learning
carefully based on needs and current levels of understanding.
2. I believe that
 It helps in providing physical facilities like building, teaching aids, teachers and other elements
for better education.
 81

3. I feel that
 Providing intentional, enhanced, and supported academic, social, and emotional health
experiences to children and families is a valuable opportunity.
4. When I become a teacher, I will
 Use effective environment to promote academic and social growth encourage engagement by
giving meaningful learning activities and create responsive learning environment.

Lesson 2: Engagement of Parents and the Wider Community in the

Educative Process

Observation

A. Interview the principal. Ask the following questions:

[Link] teachers and parents aware of the DepEd Order No. 54, series of 2009?
 Yes, All the teachers are aware of what the DepEd order is because it is their basis when they are
start to teach their learners better.
[Link] the school have an active PTA?
 82

 Yes, All the school has the active PTA officers. Because it is the one who are responsible in.
[Link] often does the PTA meet?
 PTA meet is often to all as an organization to hear the problems of every parents and teachers to
their students so they can guide them correctly and accordingly to their studies. This is how often
the PTA meet is.
[Link] are usual issues and concerns raised by stakeholders during PTA meetings?
 Some concerns have been raised by parents regarding their children's academic progress and
lessons. Parents also inquire about the current status of the class during this time and seek
guidance from teachers on how they can support their children in developing a growth mindset
and acquiring appropriate knowledge.
[Link] the issues and concerns raised during PTS meeting/s properly addressed?
 Yes, some teachers think so. They can ask parents to help improve teaching strategies for their
students. This is what I learned from my cooperating teacher.
6. Does the school engage parents and members of the community in the implementation of school
programs?
 Yes, parents play a crucial role in schools as they guide their children and encourage them to
participate in various school activities. One such activity is the annual Brigada Eskwela, where
both the community and parents actively participate.
[Link] parents and members of the community provide full support to school programs and
activities?
 Yes, because it is the way that the parents and the community can show their help and support to
the school.
[Link] the relationship of teachers with parents and members of the community.
 Teachers and parents were having a harmonious relationship to each other. Whatever program in
the school the parents and the people of the community were very supportive same with the
teacher also.
B. Request permission to observe a PTA meeting. Ask permission to record the proceedings.
Prepare highlights of proceedings from the meeting using the following format.

Name of school: San Jose Pilot Elementary School

Title of the meeting: Homeroom Meeting
Venue of the meeting: Grade 2- Guava
Date of the meeting: August 18, 2024
Time of the meeting: 2:30 pm

Attendees:
Renilda Atos
Regina Gnilo
Cath Samonte
Sebastian Mantes
Mack Tess
Teresita Ato
Shiela Rosin

Call to Order:

Discussion Action taken Agreement

 83

Agenda

Performance of the students Ts is all about the performance All agreed by the parents or the
guardian
Releasing of Card Accomplishment of grade two All agreed by the parents or the
teachers guardian
Projects of the Electric fan Contribution of Php 100.00 All agreed by the parents or the
guardian

Other comments and Observations:

Attending PTA meeting is very important to all parents because it is the way that they can raise
many questions to the adviser of their students. to how they can do and how they can guide them
accordingly in order to they can have a good. learning ding PTA meeting is very important to all
parents

C. Ask help from your cooperating teacher. Identify school programs/activities that need
support from parents and community members.

School Program/ Activities Date Venue

The Home-School Team: August 24, 2022 School Classroom
Virtual Parent Involvement
Virtual Parenting activities October 15, 2022 School Classroom
Communicating: school-to home January 18, 2023 School Classroom
and home-to-school
Learning at home program February 15, 2023 School Classroom

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following questions.

1. What are the benefits of engaging parents and members of community in the
implementation of school programs?
 The quality of counseling programs, as well as the attitude and behaviors of students, may be
influenced by the family and community engagement. If educators, students, and families
are effectively connected, school counseling and support services are stronger and better assists
students.
2. Identify strategies that promote positive relationship with parents and members of the
community including mechanism to ensure their full support to school programs.
 84

• Smile when you see parents, learn their names, Declare your attention, Communicate often and in
various forms, Lead with the good news, Listen to parents, Invites parents to share, Invite parents
to participate in making some decisions and school programs.
[Link] have you learned from observing a PTA meeting?

• Having strong relationships between the two parties who are concerned with a child's academic
and personal development.

Reflection

Complete the following: 1.

I realized that

• Meetings are important to parents, community and teachers to discuss the needs and concerns.
Parental involvement not only enhances academic performance, but also has a positive influence
on student attitude and behavior.
2. I believe that
• To establish a positive atmosphere, it is important to keep parents informed and engaged. By
involving them in the educational process and explaining how they can contribute as classroom
volunteers, we can build a strong relationship.
3. I feel that
• Keeping parents and the community informed through communication and updates is crucial for
creating a positive learning environment for children and improving their academic performance.
4. When I become a teacher, I will
• Apply for a PTA meeting for the benefit of everyone involved - the students, parents, and myself.
Engage parents in the educational journey of their children by encouraging them to volunteer in
the classroom and assist with organizing events.

Lesson 3: Professional Ethics Professional

 85

Observation

Answer the following questions:

1. Does the school have a faculty manual?

• Yes, guiding the faculty to familiarize themselves with administrative and academic policies.
2. Does the faculty manual reflect the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers?

• Yes, challenges teachers to use current data and professional expertise to improve teaching and
learning activities in the classroom.
3. Are there provisions in the manual regarding disciplinary actions or sanctions for misbehavior,
misconduct, or unethical practices of teachers?

 Yes, to issues policies and principles on students’ discipline and classroom management.
4. Does the school provide trainings or re-orientation for teachers regarding the Code of Ethics for
Professional Teachers?
 Yes, ethics involving teacher has a duty to encourage students to learn to the best of their abilities
and also to teach social values such as respect.

B. Request a copy of the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers. Provide a summary of each
article. Write down your answer on the left column. (2 column).

Articles Summary
Article II: The teacher and The state All school teachers must actively support and
implement the state's declared policies, and they
are required to take an oath to ensure their
commitment to this cause.
Article III: The Teacher and The Community Each teacher must take the lead and actively
engage in community efforts to improve morals,
society, education, the economy, and civic life.
Article IV: A Teacher and The Profession All teachers must maintain the highest standard of
quality education, prepare diligently for their
teaching career, and strive to be the best in their
profession at all times.
Article V: The Teachers and The Profession Teachers must always possess a sense of
professional loyalty, trust in each other, and a
willingness to sacrifice for the greater good, while
working effectively with their colleagues.
Article VI: The Teacher and Higher Authorities Teachers are considered as intellectual leaders in
in the Professions the community, particularly in the barangay. They
are always ready to take on the responsibility of
providing leadership whenever it is required.
Article VII: School Officials, Teachers, and Teachers are required to maintain positive and
Other Personnel friendly relationships with other professionals,
both personally and professionally.
Article VIII: The Teachers and Learners The responsibility of a teacher includes the
authority to assess students' academic
performance and decide their promotions in the
subjects or grades they teach.
Article IX: The Teachers and Parents It is the duty of every teacher to build and uphold
friendly connections with parents and behave in a
way that earns their trust and admiration.
Article X: The Teacher and Business Teachers are allowed to participate in lawful
income-generating activities as long as it does not
interfere with their teaching duties.
 86

Article XI: The Teacher as a Person Self-discipline should be the top priority for a
teacher when it comes to personal behavior in any
situation or relationship with others.

C. Review the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers. Identify which of the ethical standards
promotes the enhancement of the teachers' competency- in terms of the following:

Knowledge Article V: the teacher and The Profession

Enable teachers to make conceptual and practical links between core moral and
ethical values such as honesty, compassion, fairness, and respect for others. their
own daily choices and actions.
Skills Article IV: A teacher and the Profession
Every teacher shall help, it duty authorized, to seek support from the school, but
shall not make improper misrepresentations through personal advertisement and
other questionable means.
Attitude Article VII: School officials, teachers and other Personnel
Teacher must model strong character traits, including perseverance, honestly,
respect, lawfulness, fairness, patience, and unity.

D. Observe the teachers. Describe how they act professionally within the school premises.
Write down your observation below.

The educators were highly skilled and proficient in their profession. They exemplified a model
conduct for their pupils and adhered to the ethical standards set forth in the Code of Ethics for Professional
Teachers. A teacher's conduct should always serve as an example of appropriate behavior, demonstrating
respect towards fellow educators, parents, and students. A professional teacher treats everyone with
dignity, while being mindful of the boundaries and limitations of their role in upholding what is just and
right.

Processing

A. Read carefully and answer the following questions.

[Link] is the importance of the Code of Ethics to teachers?
 Teachers must follow a code of ethics this ensures that student receive fair, honest and
uncompromising education.
[Link] does the Code of Ethics influence the personal life of a teacher?
 Having highest possible standards of quality education to make the best preparations for the
career of teaching.
[Link] does the Code of Ethics influence a teacher's competence?
 Help them create a safe, productive and positive learning environment in the classroom.
[Link] what aspect does the teacher need improvement?
 Challenges teacher to use current data and professional expertise to improve teaching and
learning activities.
[Link] will you promote the Code of Ethics to fellow teachers?
 Cultivating healthy relationship, improve teaching and learning activities and resources.
 87

B. Write an essay about the characteristics of an ideal teacher.

A teacher who is considered ideal is one who serves as a positive influence and role model for
each and every student. This individual not only inspires admiration and idolization from their pupils,
but also assists them in achieving their goals regardless of their background or circumstances. An
excellent teacher is someone who is remembered fondly by their students long after they have left the
institution. In fact, the importance of a teacher's role has been emphasized in ancient literature, where
it is regarded as even more significant than that of God. However, not every instructor can be
considered ideal, as it requires a unique set of characteristics to reach this level of excellence.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that

• The code of ethics holds significant importance in providing guidance to teachers, as it serves to
enlighten them about their pivotal role in fostering positive transformations in student behavior. 2. I
believe that

• A teacher’s relationship will lead a conducive and friendly classroom environment, they are not
afraid to approach you as a teacher.
3. I feel that

• Model good values for the learners to mimics those behaviors.

4. When I become a teacher, I will

• Do my best to enroll port-secondary degree for me to grow more as a teacher.

Lesson 4 School Policies and Procedures

 88

Observation

A. Interview the cooperating teacher. Ask the following questions:

1. Does the school have policies and procedures?
 Yes the school have policies and procedures.
2. When did the school establish these policies and procedures?
 The school establish these policies and procedure way back in 2016.
3. Who were involved in the crafting of the school policies and procedures?
 The people involved in the crafting of the school policies and procedures are parents, teachers,
school head, and official representative whom they called education councilor.
4. Are the provisions of these policies and procedures in accordance with DepEd policies?
 Yes the provision of these policies and procedures in accordance with DepEd policies.
5. Does the school conduct consultation with parents prior to the approval and implementation of
the school policies and procedures?
 Yes the school conduct consultation with parents prior to the approval and implementation of the
school policies and procedures.
6. Does the school implement the school policies and procedures?
 Yes the school implement the school policies and procedures.
7. Are the teachers aware all of the school policies and procedures?
 Yes the teachers aware all of the school policies and procedures.
8. Do school officials, teachers, and staff adhere to the school policies and procedures?
 Yes school officials, teachers, and staff adhere to the school policies and procedures
9. Are students and parents aware of the school policies?
 Yes students and parents aware of the school policies.
10. Does the school conduct annual orientation on the school policies?
 Yes the school conduct annual orientation on the school policies.
B. Request help from your cooperating teacher. Explain the procedure on how school policies
are developed.
Ma'am Nonie has outlined the process for developing school policies, which involves
conducting meetings and engaging in collaborative brainstorming sessions with the school principal,
teachers, members of the general PTCA, and other relevant stakeholders. Once the outcome is
finalized, it is approved and communicated to all parties involved in the school curriculum.

C. Request a copy of the school policies and procedures. Identify the important provisions
specified in the policies.
1. Attendance Policy
2. Bullying Policy
3. Dress Code Policy
4. Cell Phone Policy
5. Student Code of Conduct
6. Student Discipline
7. Fighting Policy
8. Safety and Health Policy
 89

9. Equal Opportunity Policies

10. Reporting Academic Progress
Other comments and observations:

 Implementing school policies and procedures to make sure everyone knows what’s expected,
what to do and how to do it.

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following questions.

[Link] is the importance of School policies and procedures to teachers and students?

• Maintaining the safe learning environment because it creates standards of quality for learning and
safety, as well as expectations and accountability.
[Link] is the most important aspect to consider when developing a school policy?

• The implementation of every schools’ policies and procedures. To ensure the school is run
correctly and any others individuals involved with the school are protected and meeting
expectations and guidelines.
[Link] is the importance of stakeholders' consultation when formulating a policy?

• Clearly stated and displayed guidelines aid in comprehending what is considered acceptable and
unacceptable, along with the repercussions for breaking the rules.
[Link] the event that a problem occurs in the absence of school policy, what should a teacher do to
address the problem?

• Discover the expeditious method to address problems or the utmost effective approach to
facilitate organization as much as feasible.
[Link] are the things that the school needs to improve?

• Learn more about how to implement a successful classroom or school policies and procedures.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that

• Establishing policies and procedures helps to maintain class routines and student expectations for
classwork and behaviors.
2. I believe that

• Policies and procedures are an essential part of any school it provides a fairly and safely of school
manage students and stakeholders.
3. I feel that

• A teaching and learning with policies and procedures promotes best practice and establishes
consistency in teaching and learning.
4. When I become a teacher, I will

• Establish a good policies and procedures it aims to ensure that all children are provided with high
quality learning experience.
LESSON 1: Philosophy of Teaching
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Observation
Observe a teacher for two weeks. Please write your observations on the following

1. Classroom Layout
• Based on my observations, during physical set up is that learners have their own chairs, tables, and
table corners for their files, learners facing the teachers’ table and blackboard. Overall, what I saw
about the classroom arrangement was traditionally set-up and well-kept.

2. Teaching Methodology
• From my observations, I am amazed by the instructional approach she utilizes and the exceptional
cooperation she cultivates with her students. She demonstrates remarkable skill in managing her
students with special needs, effortlessly handling their requirements.

3. Assessment
• Based on my observations, teacher Nonie's employs a diverse range of methods and tools to assess,
measure, and document academic preparedness and learning progress. Also, she assesses through
modular, recitation, quizzes, exam and test.

4. Materials
• In my view, the resources furnished by instructor Nonie are through power point presentation,
textbook also, it is impeccably crafted, visually appealing, and neatly organized.

Other comments and observation:

• In my view, the entire class session is managed exceptionally well, right from the start until the end
of the discourse.

PROCESSING

Read carefully and answer the following questions.

1. What do you think is the teaching philosophy of the teacher that you have observe?
• Pragmatism Philosophy

2. Cite the reasons for your answer in the previous question.

• The Greek word "pragma" refers to action or activity. Therefore, the teacher aims to
enhance the student's effectiveness through engaging in activities and gaining experience.
This enables a child to tackle everyday obstacles and lead a more satisfying life. The
entire education process revolves around activities.

3. How does the teacher's philosophy of teaching impact the learners?

• The significance of education is emphasized for both educators and learners, with a shared
commitment to supporting the latter.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that
Many students like bright colors and creative designs, so it is important to have an
imaginative, neat, clean, elegant, and colorful classroom layout, designs, assessments, and
materials. This will help students appreciate the learning environment even more.
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I believe that
2. It is my goal to have a mutually enriching teaching career by keeping an open mind and continually
communicating with students.
3.
I feel that
The teaching philosophy allows to question what to do in different contexts and consider how
to develop a teacher going forward. And I will put in my best effort to make my teaching
engaging and creative, so that my students will appreciate not only the classroom but also
the effort I put into making it a special place.
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When I become a teacher, I will

4. Have pledged to myself and my future pupils that I will strive to be the finest academic, personal,
and ethical example possible.

LESSON 2: Dignity of Teaching as a Profession

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Observation

Observe a class. List down the personal and professional qualities of the cooperating teacher, which,
you think, contribute to the development of the students.

1. Personal qualities
• Kind
• Relate well with her students
• Understanding
• Engages with learners
• Nurturing

2. Professional qualities
• Taking time to listen
• Manage the class well
• Collaborates with co-teachers
• Mastery of content

PROCESSING

Read carefully and answer the following questions.

1. What do you think are the best qualities of the teacher that you have observed? Why?
• One of the things that I have observed to be the best about a teacher is that she works well with her
students, helping them to understand the material she teaches. She is also good at handling the
majority of her students, who also seem to appreciate her.

2. How can the teacher continue to grow personally and professionally?

• Personal growth involves enhancing one's personal strengths and characteristics. To achieve this,
individuals must acquire life skills that are relevant to their personal lives. Some effective methods
include seeking valuable feedback and information that can guide their career, pursuing advanced
degrees, seeking advice and evaluation from administrators, gaining experience, and keeping a
journal. On the other hand, professional growth for teachers involves improving their performance.
This can be achieved by participating in seminars or workshops, attending online seminars, and
joining various groups, both online and offline.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that
Professional and personal development is one of the essences of teaching.

2. I believe that
Professional and personal development must be enhanced or develop because it will help
you as a teacher in imparting knowledge and creating good rapport from co-teachers and
learners.

3. I feel that
Professional and personal development are intertwined because you cannot develop
professionally without a good personal development.

4. When I become a teacher, I will

Apply what I have learned in this lesson.
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LESSON 3: PROFESSIONAL LINKS WITH COLLEAGUES

OBSERVATION
A. Ask the cooperating teacher if you can volunteer as shadow teacher for a day, List down
ways on how the teacher collaborates with other teachers.

• Respect each other

• Clearly define rules and responsibilities
• Be Flexible
• Plan together

B. Interview the cooperating teacher. Ask the following questions:

1. In what ways do you collaborate with your colleagues?
• Working in teams, sharing responsibilities, providing feedback and building trust, create a
truly shared vision and goals, develop sense of community, working through conflict

2. Why do you need to collaborate with your colleagues?

• Collaborating with my colleagues is important as it helps me build strong connections
with my co-workers and makes me feel part of a bigger community. This feeling of
belonging positively influences the school environment, ultimately benefiting student
learning.

3. What do you think are the advantages of collaborating with colleagues? What are the
disadvantages?
• Advantages: Shared ideas, help each other, Creative input, Build good rapport, Increased
Employees morale.
• Disadvantages: People need to go at different speeds, someone may try to take over the
group, Quiet people may not feel comfortable, sometimes people just don’t get along,
People may not pull their weight.

PROCESSING
Read carefully and answer the following questions.

1. Do you think that linking with colleagues is important in teaching? Why? Why not?
• Yes, because it helps to build good relationship and unity inside and out side the school.

2. How does collaborating with other teachers impact the student?

• Sense of belonging can have a good impact on school culture, which in turn can have a
direct impact on student learning.

3. If you were the teacher, how will you collaborate with your colleagues?
• Share ideas, build a good relationship with other colleagues, guide and help each other.

REFLECTION
Complete the following:

1. I realized that
Collaboration is a great impact on student’s learning especially having the sense of
belonging.

2. I believe that
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Collaborating with teachers make your work easy and you can enjoy it even it is too
exhausting.

3. I feel that
I would love to collaborate with my colleagues in the future for me to gain knowledge
with my surroundings.

4. When I become a teacher, I will

Always keeps the word professionalism in me.

LESSON 4: Professional Reflection and Learning to Improve

Practice

Interview
A. Interview the cooperating teacher. Ask the following questions:

1. How do you evaluate your practices in the classroom?

• The best way to evaluate effectivity of online classes is still through the answers of
the students in the test or activities whether pen and paper or google forms.

2. Do you think it is necessary to evaluate one's own practices? Why? Why not?
• Yes, it is important to evaluate the practices in order to know whether to modify,
strengthen, restructure, improve or to look for other means to cater to the needs
of the learners.
3. If given a choice, what do you think is the best way that you can do to help improve your
own practices?
• I Be honest in evaluating the effectivity of the methods used. And by being open
to other practices.

PROCESSING
Read carefully and answer the following questions.

1. How does the teacher reflect on her own practices?

• The teacher tries to put herself in the shoes of the learners, the best way to reflect is to
look into the activities using the point of view of the learners.

2. What can you say about the way the teacher reflects on her own practices?
• It is a good thing that the teacher put herself to the shoe of learners to know how to deal
with the things that are needed to be address.

3. How do you think reflective practice can be further reinforced in schools?

• It helps teachers to adapt lessons that is suited in their class. A teacher can create and
experiment with new ideas and approaches to their teaching to gain maximum success.

Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that
When putting your shoes in the learner’s situation it helps you on what to do next.

2. I believe that
Engaging in reflective practices can assist you in becoming more productive.
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3. I feel that
Evaluating your practices after class discussions will enhance your teaching styles and
have a positive impact. It enables you to concentrate on the areas of the curriculum where
students require additional support, preventing excessive time spent on topics they are
already confident in.

4. When I become a teacher, I will

Evaluate one’s own practices in order for me to know what to change or improve also,
examine and consider my own methods in order to make improvements and expand my
teaching philosophies during class discussions.

LESSON 5: PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Interview

A. Interview the cooperating teacher. Ask the following questions:

1. As a teacher, in what areas do you think you should improve on?

• Implement new strategies and techniques in their teaching practices, I use to bring and
prepare me for the work also, respond appropriately to students with diverse learning
needs; Face and handle unexpected situations in the classroom.

2. What do you do to address the areas that you need to improve on or develop?
• Areas of improvement could include time management, delegation, organization,
communication and engagement about the education of my students, and take a close look
at how to interact with students, colleagues, and parents.

PROCESSING

Read carefully and answer the following questions based on the interview you conducted.

1. Do you think the teacher was able to address her learning goals? Why? Why not?
• Yes, I believe that they had learning goals for every student, but the main objective
of teaching is to stimulate learning. The majority of the time, education occurs in
a variety of settings and scenarios. Although all of us can learn, acquiring new
ideas, ideas, and abilities depends greatly on a student's motivation to do so.

2. Based on the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers, what particular domain or
strand should the teacher address as her learning goal? Explain your answer.
• The rationale for categorizing it within domain 7 lies in the fact that teacher
possesses an innate inclination towards the teaching profession, and her ultimate
aspiration is to establish herself as a proficient educator within that particular
educational institution. Consequently, her learning objective aligns with the
principles and objectives encompassed within domain 7.

REFLECTION

Complete the following:

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1. I realized that
Teachers must focus in different objectives at each level of their career.

2. I believe that
Teacher should grow professionally to develop beyond technical and academic skills,
creating a culture that value self-improvement and allows for personal and professional
growth.

3. I feel that
I must the ability to be trained and embrace the process of continuous learning, new
skills, knowledge and understanding that can grow as professionally.

4. When I become a teacher, I will

Create innovative techniques to become a proficient educator and refine them
progressively. This will enable novice teachers to enhance their teaching skills and
incorporate learning-based approaches in their daily classroom instruction, eventually
joining the league of professional teachers in the school.