MINE TRANSPORTATION

Career: Mining Engineering

Cycle: VIII

Year: 2019 - I

Instructor: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 UNIT 3:
SURFACE MINING TRANSPORTATION

Sesión 13
SCRAPERS OR DRAGGING SPOONS

Teacher: Ing. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 Achievement of Unit III

At the end of the unit, the student supports infographics,

taking into account concepts and graphs about transport
en minería superficial, argumentando con claridad,
theoretical support and analytical capacity.

Teacher: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 SESSION ACHIEVEMENT

At the end of the session, the student:

•Learn about the main components of the scraper and
solve exercises that involve calculations for
determine the productivity of this type of equipment.

Teacher: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 SCRAPERS OR DRAGGING SPOONS

[Link] 18:18

[Link]

Teacher: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 WHAT IS A SCRAPER?

It is an open-pit mining equipment and is used for removal of

pre-exploitation overload.
Load the material by scraping the surface where it is deposited.
The material accumulates in a hopper whose capacity ranges between
15 y 35 m3.

Teacher: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 TRANSPORT WITH SCRAPER

This equipment is designed to load, transport, and unload.

the material, but it does not count as production equipment.
It is a combination between a bulldozer, excavators, and a truck.
download.
One of its main functions is to control the gradient of the
surface.
Its biggest advantage is its versatility.

Teacher: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 CHARACTERISTICS OF SCRAPER SYSTEM

It is used in uneven terrain and in galleries.

small.

It is used on slopes that are greater than the

required by other teams.

The scraper will be useful from 0° to 40°.

earrings.

Teacher: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 In underground mining, we also have scrapers!

Teacher: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 PARTS OF THE SCRAPER SYSTEM

Huinche

Drag shovel

Pulleys

Cables

Teacher: Ing. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 HUINCHE

It is used for dragging the shovel, both for the traction of the material.
like for the return of the empty shovel.
Its characteristics are:

Drive motor Diesel, electric or air

compressed
Number of drums 1 service benches, 2
or 3 for loading system
Pulling capacity Tire <900 Kg.
Electric 900–4450 Kg.
Huinche INGERSOLL-RAND
Drag Speed Tire 40 m/minute
Electric 75–100 m/minute
Weight Tire <700 Kg.
Electric 700–6750 Kg.
Teacher: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta
 Types of winches

Teacher: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 DRAG PLATE

High wear-resistant steel element that allows for loading

and dragging of the material, its choice will depend on the width of the
labor, winch power, material density, capacity of
penetration and the quality of the floor.

Profile or Triangular: good penetration

forms but lower capacity.
Heterogeneous material
Trapezoidal: greater capacity
but lower penetration.
Fine and homogeneous material
Wide 0.75–1.65 m
Capacity 200 – 1200 liters
Trapezoidal Profile Blade
Peso 300 – 1400Kg
Teacher: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta
 Types of drag paddles

Instructor: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 POLES

Elements that allow to guide the operation. The diameter of the pulley.
it must be 40 times the diameter of the cable.

Its characteristics:

External diameter 6” 8” 14”

Diameter of the pulley ½” 5/8” 1”
Maximum load 3150 4500 9000Kg
Height of the slot 2.75" 2.75" 3.5"
Slot width 2.25” 2.31” 2.87”
Pulley

Teacher: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 CABLES

Elements that allow the transmission of energy from the huinche

to the shovel.

They are the parts that wear out the most and must be handled carefully.
monitored to prevent serious and even fatal accidents.
Its characteristics:

Diameter ½” 3/4" 7/8 inch

Linear weight 0.6Kg/cm 1.38 Kg/cm 2.1 Kg/cm
Resistance to rupture 12.7 trillion24.2 trillion 38.3 trillion
Sales reel 458–500 meters
Power of the winch 20 50 75 HP

Teacher: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 Cable components

The cable consists of: Wires–strands–core

The cable is named by the number of strands and the number of wires.
for the strut, also due to the composition of the soul and the twist of the cable.

The wire support holds the strands around it, they can be made of
different materials (steel wires, another strand, another cable, fibers
synthetic or vegetable.

Teacher: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 Cable components

Cables with steel cores are very resistant to the

efforts (additional resistance to rupture), but
under extreme temperature conditions they are not very good, in
change the cables with synthetic fiber cores resist them
extreme conditions, but its resistance to stress is much
smaller, so they are used when the cable is not subjected to
folds.
There are also preformed cables, in which the wires are manufactured.
with the shape they will have in the cable itself and that when cut
they maintain the spiral shape and do not open like the others.

Teacher: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 APPLICATION SCHEME OF THE SCRAPER SYSTEM

On the floor, rails can be arranged in such a way that the shovel does not
drill into the rock or not excavate the ground, achieving a better
efficiency of the system.

Instructor: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 CALCULATIONS WITH SCRAPERS

Operation cycle of the scraper: T1 + T2 + T3 + T4

Time for change

Time of
of march and
displacement filling of the bucket
T1
T2

Time for change Time of

of march and bucket drag
emptying of the bucket loaded
(download) transport
T4 T3

Instructor: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 CALCULATIONS WITH SCRAPERS

T1Empty bucket drag time (displacement)

We must know the transport length (L) in meters between the reception point.
of the mineral and the discharge point, as well as the speeds performed by
the system (VVAverage empty speed and VC= Average speed loaded) in meters per
second.

Teacher: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 CALCULATIONS WITH SCRAPERS

T2Time for gear shifting and bucket filling (loading). It is a

estimated time.

Teacher: Ing. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 CALCULATIONS WITH SCRAPERS

T3Loaded bucket drag time (transport).

We must know the transport length (L) in meters between the reception point.
of the mineral and the discharge point, as well as the velocities performed by
the system (VVAverage speed empty and VCAverage speed loaded) in meters per
second.

Instructor: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 CALCULATIONS WITH SCRAPERS

T4Time to shift gears and empty the bucket (discharge). It is

an estimated time.

Teacher: Ing. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 CALCULATIONS WITH SCRAPERS

Operation cycle of the scraper:

T= T1+ T2+ T3+ T4

=+ 2+ + 4(seconds)

Ps: Scraper productivity (tons/hour):

3600
Ps=V× Fll× ( )×
(1 + ε) T

V: Volume of the ladle (m3)

FllFilling factor
material density (tn/m)3)
Sponge factor
Cycle time (seconds)

Instructor: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 CALCULATIONS WITH SCRAPERS

PseEffective Productivity of the Scraper (tons/hour):

Pse=Ps×Ut× Df

Ps: Scraper productivity (tn/hr)

Ut: Utilización (%)
Df: Disponibilidad (%)

Teacher: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 EXAMPLE 1

Consider a 15m scraper.3of capacity for which the length of

transport is 5 m, the empty speed is 2.5 m/s and 1.7 m/s
loaded speed. The gear change time and bucket filling
It is approximately 4 seconds and the download time is 3 seconds.
it requires calculating productivity.
Take into account that the filling factor is 0.85, the density of
material 3 tn/m3and the expansion factor 1.4

796.87 tn/hr

Teacher: Ing. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 EXAMPLE 2

Consider a 20m scraper3of capacity for which the length of

transport is 4 m, the empty speed is 3.5 m/s and 2.5 m/s
loaded speed. The charging time is approximately 3
seconds and the download time is 2.5 seconds. It is required to calculate the
effective productivity if the equipment availability is 84% and the
usage 93%.
Keep in mind that the filling factor is 0.87, the density of
material 2.8 tn/m3and the expansion factor 1.2

4541.26 tn/hr

Teacher: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

 EXERCISE 3

In a mine where the planned annual production is 180 million tons, the
mineral production should be 58 million tons which has a density of
2.7 ton/m3, while the density of the clearing is 2.3 ton/m3Consider factor of
sponginess equal to 1.4
There are 30yd electric shovels available.3and 40 yards3of capacity, the 30 yd shovel3has a
cycle time of 37 seconds, fill factor of 90%, the utilization would be 84% and its
availability 78%; while the 40yd shovel3it takes 40 seconds per pass, it has Fll
equal to 93%, utilization 87% and availability 84%
a) Calculate the mineral and overburden production per hour
b) Determine the cycles per hour
c) Effective productivity

Teacher: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta

MINE TRANSPORT

Mining Engineering
Ciclo: VIII

Year: 2019 - I

Instructor: Eng. MBA Katya Cruz Arrieta