BRAND NAME Tamiflu
GENERIC NAME Oseltamivir Phosphate
CLASSIFICATION Antivirals
MODE OF ACTIONS & DOSAGE
Action: Inhibits influenza A and B virus enzyme Neuraminidase which is thought to play a role in viral aggregation and release from the host cell. Neuraminidase inhibition, therefore, appears to interfere with viral replication. Dosage: Uncomplicated, acute illness caused by infections in patients who have had symptoms for 2 days or less Adult: 75 mg P.O. b.i.d. for 5days Adjust-a-dose: For patients with creatinine clearance of 10 to 30 ml/min, reduce dosageto75 mg P.O. OD for 5days To prevent influenza after close contact with infected person Adults & Adolescents age 13 & older: 75 mg P.O. OD, beginning within 2 days of exposure, for at least 7 days To prevent influenza during a community outbreak Adults & Adolescents age 13 & older: 75mg P.O. OD for up to 6 weeks Influenza in children age 1 & older - Children age 1 & older, weighing more than 40 kg (88 lbs): 75 mg oral suspension P.O. b.i.d. - Children age 1 & older, weighing 23 to 40 kg (51 to 88 lbs): 60 mg oral suspension P.O. b.i.d. - Children age 1 & older, weighing 15 to 23 kg (33 to 51 lbs): 45 mg oral suspension P.O. b.i.d. - Children age 1 & older, weighing 15 kg (33 lbs) or less: 30 mg oral suspension P.O. b.i.d.
CONTRAINDICATION - Contraindicated to patients with hypersensitive to drug or its components - Use cautiously in patients with chronic cardiac or respiratory diseases, or any medical condition that require imminent hospitalization, or with renal failure. - Its unknown if drug or its metabolite appears in breast milk. Use only if benefits to patients outweigh risks to infants.
SIDE / ADVERSE EFFECTS CNS: dizziness, insomnia, headache, vertigo, fatigue Gastrointestinal: abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting Respiratory: bronchitis. cough
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES - No evidence supports drugs use to treat viral infections other than influenza virus type A and B - Drugs must be given within 2 days of onset of symptoms - A drug isnt a replacement for the annual influenza vaccination. Patients for whom vaccine is indicated should continue to receive the vaccine each fall - Drug may be given with meals to decrease gastrointestinal adverse effects - Store at controlled room temperature (59 to 86F [15 to 30C])
BRAND NAME FLAGYL Other brands: Injection: Flagyl I.V. P.O.: Flagyl, Flagyl 375, Falgyl ER, Metric 21, Protostat Topical: MetroGel, MetroLotion, Noritate Vaginal Gel: MetroGel Vaginal, Vandazole
GENERIC NAME Metronidazole
CLASSIFICATION Amebicide & Trichomonocide
MODE OF ACTIONS & DOSAGE
Action: Effective against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. Specifically, inhibits growth of trichomonae & amoebae by binding to DNA, resulting in loss of helical structure, strand breakage, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis & cell death. The mechanism for its effectiveness in reducing the inflammatory lesions of acne rosacea is not known. Dosage: Amebiasis: Acute amebic dysentery or amebic liver abscess Adult: 500-750 mg t.i.d. for 5-10 days Pediatric: 35-50 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses for 10 days Trichomoniasis Female: 250 mg t.i.d. for 7 days, 2 given on one day in single or divided doses, or 375 mg b.i.d. for 7 days NOTE: Do not treat pregnant women during the 1st trimester Pediatric: 5 mg/kg t.i.d. for 7 days. An interval of 4-6 wks should elapse between courses of therapy. Male: Individualize dosage; usual, 250 mg t.i.d. for 7 days. Anerobic bacterial infections (Flagyl I.V.) Adult oral dosage: 7.5 mg/kg every six hours (approx. 500 mg for a 70-kg adult). A maximum of 4 g should not be exceeded during a 24-hour period. Duration of therapy : 7 to 10 days
CONTRA INDICATION
- Contraindicated in patients with a prior history of hypersensitivity to metronidazole or other nitroimidazole derivatives.
SIDE / ADVERSE EFFECTS
Mouth: A sharp, unpleasant metallic taste is not unusual. Furry tongue, glossitis, and sto-matitis Cardiovascular: Flattening of the T-wave may be seen in electrocardiographic tracings. CNS: Convulsive seizures, peripheral neuropathy, dizziness, vertigo, incoordination, ataxia, confusion, irritability, depression, weakness, and insomnia. Hypersensitivity: Urticaria, erythematous rash, flushing, nasal congestion, dryness of the mouth (or vagina or vulva), and fever. Renal: Dysuria, cystitis, polyuria, incontinence, and a sense of pelvic pressure. Other: Proliferation of Candida in the vagina, dyspareunia, decrease of libido, proctitis, and fleeting joint pains
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
- Alcoholic beverages should be avoided while taking and for at least one day afterward. - antibacterial drugs should only be used to treat bacterial infections. They do not treat viral infections - the medication should be taken exactly as directed. Skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may (1) decrease the effectiveness of the immediate treatment and (2) increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable. - Tablets should be stored at room temperature below 77 degrees F (25 degrees C) away from light. - Capsules should be stored at or below room temperature between 5977 degrees F (15-25 degrees C).
- Use cautiously in
patients with evidence of or history of blood dys-crasia
- In patients with
trichomoniasis, Flagyl is contraindicated during the first trimester of pregnancy
