SESSION 5: Operational Amplifier (Inverting/
Non-Inverting)
I. Objectives
- Implement an Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp).
- Familiarize with Op-Amps by studying functional circuits: inverting and non-inverting
configurations.
II. Amplificateur Opérationnel
An Op-Amp is an Integrated Circuit (IC) or electronic chip that comes in a small black package
with 8 pins for connections. The relevant pins for this experiment are:
- 4 and 7: Connected to a stabilized power supply (+Vcc = +15V, -Vcc = -15V).
- 2: Inverting input (-).
- 3: Non-inverting input (+).
- 6: Output (S).
Characteristics of an Operational Amplifier
- The differential gain (A) is very high (~100,000), meaning ε is very small in linear mode:
ε < 1 μV
- For an ideal Op-Amp operating in linear mode:
ε= V+- V- ~ 0
i+= i-= 0
III. Required Equipment
1- Oscilloscope
2- Multimeter
3- Low-frequency generator (GBF)
4- Adjustable power supply
5- Breadboard
6- Resistors: 2 K, 3.3K, 5.6 K, and 10K
7- Op-Amp 741 / LM741
8- Connecting wires
IV. Experiment
Invering Amplifier
1. Design a voltage divider circuit to power the Op-Amp using a single output from the
stabilized power supply.
2. Assemble the circuit below using a voltage divider to generate 15V from a single output
to power the Op-Amp.
Precautions:
• The Op-Amp must be powered with a stable 15V supply.
• When assembling the circuit, always connect the power supply first.
• Do not start the experiment until the instructor verifies your circuit to prevent
damaging the Op-Amp.
3. For R2= 10K and R1=3.3K plot Vout=f(Vin) by varying Vin from -10V to +10V
Vin(V) -10 -7 -6 -5 -2.5 -1 0 1 2.5 5 6 7 10
Vout(V)
3. Since the Op-Amp is assumed ideal (ε=0), show that: Gth =Vout/Vin = -R2/R1
4. Calculate the theoretical gain for R2= 10K and R1=3.3K.
5. Measure Vout for :
• Vin=2.5V and R2=5.6 K, R1 =3.3K.
• Vin=2.5V and R1=2 K, R2 =10K.
6. Compare the measured gains for different resistor combinations.
7. Using a function generator GBF with Vcc-in = 5V and the frequency set to 2 kHz, for R2=
10K and R1=3.3K (power the Op-Amp using both power supply outputs). Use an
oscilloscope to visualize and measure (Vout)max et (Vin)max. Determine the experimental gain
Gexp.
8. Compare theoretical and experimental gains.
9. Measure and explain the phase shift between Vout and Vin .
10. Conclusion
Non-Inverting Amplifier
1. Assemble the circuit below:
2. For R2= 10K and R1=3.3K, plot Vout=f(Vin) by varying Vin from -10V to +10V.
Vin(V) -10 -7 -6 -5 -2.5 -1 0 1 2.5 5 6 7 10
Vout(V)
11. Since the Op-Amp is assumed ideal (ε=0), show that: Gth =Vout/Vin = -R2/R1
12. Calculate the theoretical gain for R2= 10K and R1=3.3K.
13. Measure Vout for :
• Vin=2.5V and R2=5.6 K, R1 =3.3K.
• Vin=2.5V and R1=2 K, R2 =10K.
14. Compare the measured gains for different resistor combinations.
15. Using a function generator GBF with Vcc-in = 5V and the frequency set to 2 kHz, for R2=
10K and R1=3.3K (power the Op-Amp using both power supply outputs). Use an
oscilloscope to visualize and measure (Vout)max et (Vin)max. Determine the experimental gain
Gexp.
16. Compare theoretical and experimental gains.
17. Measure and explain the phase shift between Vout and Vin .
18. Conclusion
Limits of the Linear Domain
To determine the characteristic parameters of a voltage amplifier using an Op-Amp, we will study
an inverting amplifier configuration.
1. Assemble the circuit. Vin is a function generator: f=500 Hz et Ru=
2. Gradually increase Vin and observe the onset of voltage saturation beyond a certain input
level.
+ −
3. Identify the voltage values v Sout and v Sout at which clipping occurs.
+ −
4. Determine the saturation thresholds v Sin et v Sin
+ −
v Sout v Sout
5. Compute the ratios + and −
v Sin v Sin
6. Conclusion
