INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) – FORM 3
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY NOTES FOR STUDENTS
Subject: Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
Class: Form 3
Purpose: Examination Preparation, Digital Skills, and Practical Knowledge
INTRODUCTION TO ICT
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) refers to the use of electronic devices and systems to
collect, store, process, and share information. ICT plays an important role in modern society and affects
education, banking, health, communication, business, and governance. Knowledge of ICT helps students
to function effectively in a digital world.
TOPIC 1: MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF ICT
Meaning of ICT
ICT is the combination of computers, communication devices, software, networks, and people that work
together to process and share information.
Importance of ICT
Makes work faster and easier
Improves communication
Enhances learning and research
Supports business and banking
Improves healthcare services
Promotes national development
TOPIC 2: COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
A computer system is made up of different components that work together.
1. Hardware
Hardware refers to the physical parts of the computer that can be seen and touched.
Examples of Hardware:
Keyboard
Mouse
Monitor
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Printer
Scanner
Functions of Hardware
Input of data
Processing of information
Output of results
Storage of data
2. Software
Software refers to programs and instructions that tell the computer what to do.
Types of Software
a. System Software
Controls the operation of the computer
Example: Operating systems
b. Application Software
Used to perform specific tasks
Examples: Word processing, spreadsheets, presentations
Importance of Software
Enables users to perform tasks
Controls computer operations
Improves efficiency
3. Peopleware
Peopleware refers to the users of the computer system.
Examples:
Students
Teachers
Computer operators
Programmers
TOPIC 3: INPUT, PROCESS, OUTPUT AND STORAGE (IPOS)
Input Devices
Input devices are used to enter data into the computer.
Examples:
Keyboard
Mouse
Scanner
Microphone
Processing
Processing involves converting input data into meaningful information. This is done by the CPU.
Output Devices
Output devices display processed information.
Examples:
Monitor
Printer
Speakers
Projector
Storage Devices
Storage devices keep data and information for future use.
Examples:
Hard disk
Flash drive
Memory card
External drive
TOPIC 4: THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
The CPU is the brain of the computer.
Parts of the CPU
Control Unit (CU) – controls all activities
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) – performs calculations
Registers – temporary storage
Functions of the CPU
Processes data
Controls system operations
Executes instructions
TOPIC 5: COMPUTER MEMORY
Primary Memory
Primary memory stores data temporarily.
Examples:
RAM
ROM
Secondary Memory
Secondary memory stores data permanently.
Examples:
Hard disk
Flash drive
CD/DVD
Importance of Memory
Stores data and programs
Enables quick access to information
TOPIC 6: THE INTERNET
Meaning of Internet
The internet is a global network of computers connected together to share information.
Uses of the Internet
Communication
Research
Online learning
Online banking
Social networking
Internet Services
Email
Websites
Video calls
Online libraries
TOPIC 7: ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION
Electronic communication involves sending messages using electronic devices.
Examples:
Email
Video conferencing
Messaging applications
Advantages of Electronic Communication
Fast
Cheap
Global reach
Convenient
TOPIC 8: ICT IN EDUCATION
ICT supports teaching and learning through:
Online classes
Digital textbooks
Research
Educational software
Benefits of ICT in Education
Improves understanding
Encourages independent learning
Provides access to information
TOPIC 9: ICT IN BUSINESS AND BANKING
ICT in Business
Record keeping
Advertising
Online sales
Communication
ICT in Banking
ATM services
Online banking
Mobile money
Electronic transactions
TOPIC 10: ICT SAFETY AND ETHICS
ICT Safety
ICT safety involves protecting users and devices.
Safety Measures:
Use strong passwords
Avoid suspicious websites
Install antivirus software
Protect personal information
ICT Ethics
ICT ethics are rules that guide responsible use of technology.
Examples:
Avoid cybercrime
Respect privacy
Do not spread false information
TOPIC 11: CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF ICT DEVICES
Proper Care
Keep devices clean
Avoid food and water near computers
Shut down properly
Importance of Maintenance
Prolongs device life
Improves performance
Reduces breakdowns
CONCLUSION
ICT has become an essential part of modern life. Knowledge of computer systems, internet use,
electronic communication, and ICT safety prepares students for future education and careers.
Responsible use of ICT promotes efficiency, development, and national progress.
