IMT-2000
IEEE Personal Comm. August 1997
Introduction
Wireless access lines could exceed the wired lines by 2010 Internet access time could exceed phone access time by 2000 need a wireless platform that also supports interactive multimedia data traffic IMT-2000 is the 3rd generation mobile communication standard of ITU
Challenges
Revolutionary Approach: What to do with the legacy subscribers? Evolutionary Approach: How to design the migration path? The preferred approach is Evolutionary
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Key Features of IMT-2000
Universal coverage, including aeronautical and maritime enabling seamless roaming across multiple networks. Small light weight pocket communicators with different capabilities from messaging units to MM terminals Self-adaptive , re-programmable terminals Defines a family of radio interfaces for indoor, outdoor, terrestrial and satellites Support bandwidth on demand or variable rate service matching the performance of fixed network Wireless access to any kind of commun service any time, any where ----Virtual Home Environment (VHE) Modular growth, or scaleable Improved IN capabilities and QoS negotiation Phase 1 should support 384 Kb/s for wide area, 2 Mb/s for local area
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Spectrum Allocation Guideline
ITU-RR (Radio Regulation) endorsed the use of 2GHz band: 1885--2025MHz, 2110--2200MHz Band available in year 2000 Allocation Principle
fq. band should not, ideally, be segmented for different types of radio interfaces, except the terrestrial and satellite components terrestrial and satellite segmentation should be flexible spectrum provision for worldwide roaming
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Allocation of Responsibilities in ITU
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Network Infrastructure and their Service Relationship
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Network Standards: Services
Speech Service Data service -- office on the moveservice, short messages, emails multimedia -- Web, videoconference Supplementary services -- directly derived from fixed network. Ex: call waiting, caller ID, conference call, closed user group. Provided by independent IMT-2000 signaling interfaces. Roaming services Virtual Home Environment -- Service portability across network border. Access the same service anywhere as if at home.
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Network Standard: Functional Architecture 1
Based on the modeling principles used for developing signaling protocols for IN Two planes
Radio Resources Control (RRC)Plane Communication Control (CC) Plane
RRC plane contains 4 Functional Entities (FE)
RRC-- radio resource control such as selection and reservation of radio resources, handover decisions, RF power control and system information broadcasting MRRC-- Mobile side of RRC RFTR--radio freq trans and reception, handles fixed side of the radio interface MRTR-- Mobile radio trans reception, mobile side of RFTR
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Network Standard: Functional Architecture 2
CC Plane is for the overall access, service, call, bearer and connection control. Consists of 18 FEs
SDF-- service data function, handles storage and access to service- and network- related data. E.g. service profile and mobile MM attributes SCF-- service control function, service related processing LRDF-- location registration data function LRCF-- location registration control function ADF -- Authentication data function BCF -- Bearer control function and 12 others
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Network Standard: Functional Architecture 3
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Mapping of FE to Physical Nodes
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Signaling and Protocol
Internode signaling protocol
For circuit-related signaling, use ISUP (ISDN User Part) or BISUP to route calls between IMT-2000 and fixed networks For non-circuit-related signaling, use INAP (Intelligent Network Application Part) to replace the 2nd generation signaling protocols such as GSM-MAP (Mobile Application Part), IS-41-MAP and PDC-MAP
Access signaling protocol
For signaling between mobile terminal and network, use SSCOP (Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol) as the basis for the data link layer For BS/MSC wireline interface, may use SSCOP, ATM and ATM adaptation layer above the PHY layer
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Numbering and Identities
Needed to support addressing, call/connection setup, location management, registration, call delivery, charging and billing Directory Number (DN) --assigned to mobile stations as dialable public numbers-- E.164 intl numbering plan Roaming numbers-- provided by visiting network to the home network for call setup to a roaming subscriber. Used by the networks only Mobile station identities -- used by network to support mobility management Terminal equipment ID-- for BS and MSC, for security. Make sure these are not stolen equipment.
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Security and Privacy
Key objectives:
comparable to contemporary fixed network standardized to ensure secure worldwide interoperability possible for legal interception in accordance with national laws
System requirements and security features
authentication of users, mobiles and service providers privacy and anonymity: the confidentiality of user location and user identity confidentiality of user data integrity of user data access control to user and service profile data access control to services event reporting
Security mechanism
secret key checking digital signature public key checking
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Performance and Service Quality
GOS (grade of Service) is a number of traffic engineering variables(e.g. delay, blocking) used to measure the adequacy of a group of resources (i.e. the network) GOS targets are set end-to-end and subsequently to network segments GOS should be at least as good as the 2nd gen. system Key parameters:
Post selection delay -- delay associated with authentication, paging/alerting, transfer of routing number, etc. Probability of end-to-end blocking -- consists of blocking at the radio link and blocking in the fixed network Probability of handoff failure
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