SECTION A

1. What is Android?
Android is an open-source, Linux-based mobile operating system developed by
Google. It is used in smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, and wearable devices.
Android supports multitasking, internet access, multimedia features, and
application development using Java or Kotlin.

2. What is AVD (Android Virtual Device)?

AVD is an emulator that simulates an Android device on a computer. It allows
developers to test and run Android applications without using a physical mobile
device. AVD supports different screen sizes, Android versions, and hardware
settings.

3. What is Intent?
An Intent is a messaging object in Android used to request an action from
another app component. It is mainly used to start activities, services, or send
data between different components of an Android application.

4. Define Fragment.
A Fragment is a reusable part of an Android activity. It has its own layout and
lifecycle but always works inside an activity. Fragments are used to build
flexible and dynamic user interfaces, especially for tablets and large screens.

5. What is Activity in Android?

An Activity represents a single screen in an Android application. It handles user
interaction and displays the user interface. Each activity performs a specific task
such as login, registration, or showing information.

6. Write types of Layout Manager.

Types of layout managers in Android are:

 LinearLayout
  RelativeLayout
 ConstraintLayout
 FrameLayout
 TableLayout
They control how UI components are arranged on the screen.

7. Define String Resource in Android Programming.

A string resource is a text value stored in the [Link] file in Android. It
helps manage application text efficiently, supports multiple languages, and
makes application maintenance easier.

8. What is Button Control?

Button control is a user interface component in Android that performs an action
when clicked. It is commonly used to submit data, open new screens, or trigger
events in an application.

9. What is Spinner Control?

Spinner control is a drop-down list in Android that allows users to select one
item from multiple options. It saves screen space and is commonly used for
choosing categories or values.

10. What is Operating System?

An operating system is system software that manages computer hardware and
software resources. It acts as an interface between the user and the hardware and
controls processes, memory, files, and input/output devices.

11. What is Internetworking?

Internetworking is the process of connecting two or more different networks to
communicate and exchange data. Devices such as routers and gateways are used
to enable internetworking.

12. Define Mobile IP.

Mobile IP is a network protocol that allows a mobile device to move between
different networks while keeping the same IP address. It ensures continuous
internet connectivity during movement.

13. What is Wireless?

Wireless communication is the transmission of data without physical cables
using radio waves or signals. Examples include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and mobile
cellular networks.

14. Explain Wireless Data.

Wireless data refers to information transmitted through radio signals instead of
wires. It is used in mobile phones, Wi-Fi networks, and Bluetooth devices for
flexible and mobile communication.

15. What is Mobile Computing?

Mobile computing is the use of portable devices such as smartphones, tablets,
and laptops to access data and services wirelessly. It allows users to compute
and communicate while moving.

16. Define Mobile Computing.

Mobile computing is a technology that enables users to access applications,
data, and communication services anytime and anywhere using mobile devices
and wireless networks.

17. What is RFID?

RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification. It is a wireless technology used
to identify and track objects using radio waves. It consists of RFID tags and
readers and is widely used in attendance and inventory systems.

18. Define WSN (Wireless Sensor Network).

WSN is a network of small sensor nodes that collect environmental data such as
temperature or humidity and transmit it wirelessly to a central system for
processing.
19. Write applications of GPRS.
Applications of GPRS include:
 Internet browsing
 Email services
 Multimedia messaging (MMS)
 Mobile banking
 Location-based services

20. What is Wave Server?

A Wave Server is used for real-time communication and data synchronization in
collaborative applications. It manages message exchange and interaction
between multiple users in distributed or web-based systems.

SECTION B
1. Explain Android architecture with proper diagram.
Android architecture is a layered software stack designed to provide a stable and
secure platform for mobile devices. At the bottom lies the Linux Kernel, which
manages hardware components such as memory, power, device drivers, and
security. Above it is native libraries written in C/C++ that support multimedia,
graphics, database (SQLite), and web rendering. Along with these libraries runs
the Android Runtime (ART), which executes applications and manages memory
using garbage collection. The Application Framework layer provides high-level
services like Activity Manager, Resource Manager, and Content Providers that
developers use to build applications. At the top are Android applications,
including system apps and third-party apps. This layered architecture ensures
portability, security, and efficient resource management.
2. Explain fundamental components of ADT.
ADT (Android Development Tools) is a development environment used to
create Android applications. It provides tools that help developers write, test,
debug, and package applications efficiently. ADT includes the SDK Manager
for downloading Android platforms and tools, AVD Manager for creating
virtual devices, and ADB for communication between device and computer. It
also offers debugging tools such as DDMS, a layout editor for designing user
interfaces, and build tools to generate APK files. ADT simplifies Android
development by integrating all essential tools into a single environment.

3. What is Layout? Give brief description of any three layouts.

A layout in Android defines the structure and arrangement of user interface
elements on the screen. It determines how views such as buttons and text fields
are positioned. Linear Layout arranges components in a single row or column.
Relative Layout places components relative to other views or the parent layout.
Constraint Layout allows flexible positioning using constraints and improves
performance by reducing nested layouts. Layouts help create responsive and
well-organized interfaces.

4. Explain Android controls and their types with suitable example.

Android controls are user interface components that allow interaction between
the user and the application. These controls include text input fields, buttons,
selection controls, and display elements. For example, Text View is used to
display text, Edit Text allows user input, Button triggers actions when clicked,
Checkbox allows multiple selections, and Radio Button allows only one
selection from a group. In a login screen, Edit Text is used for username and
password, while a Button is used to submit the data. Controls make applications
interactive and user-friendly.

5. What do you understand by Fragment? Explain with example.

A Fragment is a modular section of an activity that has its own user interface
and lifecycle. It always exists within an activity and helps create flexible and
dynamic layouts. Fragments are especially useful for large screens like tablets.
For example, in a news application, one fragment can display a list of news
headlines while another fragment shows the selected news content. Using
fragments improves reusability and adaptability of the user interface.

6. What are different types of menus available in Android? Explain with

example.
Android provides menus to present options to users in an organized manner.
The Options Menu appears in the app bar and contains common actions. The
Context Menu appears when the user long-presses an item and shows actions
related to that item. The Popup Menu is a small floating menu anchored to a
view. For example, a file manager app may use a context menu to delete or
rename files.

7. What is GPRS? Describe its architecture in detail.

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) is a packet-switched data service used in
mobile networks for internet access. It allows efficient data transmission by
sending information in packets rather than continuous streams. The architecture
includes the Mobile Station used by the subscriber, the Base Station System for
radio communication, the Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) for mobility
management and authentication, and the Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
which connects the mobile network to external IP networks. GPRS supports
services such as email, web browsing, and MMS.

8. What are characteristics of Mobile Computing? Explain applications

and security challenges.
Mobile computing is characterized by mobility, wireless connectivity,
portability, and location awareness. It allows users to access services anytime
and anywhere. Common applications include mobile banking, navigation
systems, e-learning, and healthcare monitoring. However, mobile computing
faces security challenges such as data theft, malware attacks, device loss, and
insecure wireless networks. To overcome these issues, strong authentication,
encryption, and secure application design are required.

9. Explain IEEE 802.11 standards with architecture.

IEEE 802.11 defines standards for wireless local area networks (Wi-Fi). Its
architecture consists of stations (wireless devices), access points that connect
devices to the network, and a distribution system that links multiple access
points. Different versions such as 802.11a, b, g, n, ac, and ax provide varying
data rates and frequencies. These standards enable reliable wireless
communication in homes, offices, and public places.

10. What do you understand by client programming? Explain design

constraints for handheld devices.
Client programming involves developing applications that run on user devices
and communicate with servers to request or send data. In handheld devices,
application design faces constraints such as limited battery life, small screen
size, low processing power, limited memory, and unstable network
connectivity. Therefore, applications must be lightweight, responsive, energy-
efficient, and capable of handling network interruptions.

11. Explain SDK in detail.

SDK (Software Development Kit) is a collection of tools and libraries used to
develop Android applications. It includes APIs for accessing Android features,
an emulator for testing apps, build tools for creating APK files, debugging tools
for error detection, and documentation for developers. SDK provides a complete
environment to design, develop, test, and deploy Android applications
efficiently.

12. Define Checkbox control and Radio Button control with example.
A Checkbox control allows users to select multiple options independently. For
example, selecting hobbies such as music and sports. A Radio Button control
allows users to select only one option from a group. For example, selecting
gender as male or female. These controls are commonly used in forms and
surveys.

13. What is Mobile Computing? Explain its architecture.

Mobile computing refers to the use of portable devices to access data and
services through wireless networks. Its architecture includes mobile devices
such as smartphones, wireless communication networks, application servers that
process requests, and database servers that store data. This architecture enables
anytime, anywhere computing.
14. Explain TAPI with example.
TAPI (Telephony Application Programming Interface) is an interface that
allows applications to control telephone services such as making calls, receiving
calls, and managing call functions. For example, call centre software uses TAPI
to automatically dial customer numbers and manage call routing.

15. Write about WAP and its applications.

WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) is used to enable mobile devices to
access internet services over wireless networks. It is designed for low
bandwidth and small screen devices. Applications of WAP include mobile
banking, email access, news services, ticket booking, and weather updates.

16. Explain CDMA and GSM.

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) is a widely used cellular
technology that uses SIM cards and time-division techniques for
communication. CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) uses unique codes for
each user, providing better call quality and security. Both technologies support
voice and data communication in mobile networks.

17. What is Symbian OS? Explain.

Symbian OS is a mobile operating system designed mainly for smartphones. It
supports multitasking, real-time operations, and efficient power management.
Symbian was widely used in early Nokia smartphones and supported
applications such as messaging, browsing, and multimedia.

18. Explain Android with suitable example.

Android is an open-source mobile operating system developed by Google. It
supports touch-based interaction, internet connectivity, and application
development. For example, a weather application developed on Android uses
APIs to access location services and the internet to display real-time weather
information.
19. What is WiMAX? Explain.
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a wireless
broadband technology that provides high-speed internet over long distances. It
supports voice, video, and data services and is mainly used for last-mile
connectivity where wired infrastructure is not available.

SECTION C
1. What are Android Resources? Explain types of Android Resources in
detail.
Android resources are external elements used in an Android application to
define user interface content and behaviour without hard-coding values. They
help separate application logic from design, making apps easier to maintain,
localize, and optimize for different devices. Resources are stored in the res
directory and accessed using the R class.
There are several types of Android resources. Layout resources define the
structure of the user interface using XML files stored in the layout folder.
Drawable resources include images, icons, shapes, and backgrounds used in
the app UI and are stored in the drawable directory. String resources, stored in
values/[Link], contain text used in the app and help in supporting multiple
languages. Colour resources define colours used in UI components, while
dimension resources specify sizes such as margins and padding. Style and
theme resources control the appearance of UI elements globally. Menu
resources define app menus, and raw resources store files like audio or text in
their original format.
Using resources improves flexibility, consistency, and device compatibility in
Android applications.

2. What are Content Providers? Explain how to query, read, update, and
delete data in a content provider.
A content provider is an Android component used to manage and share
application data between different applications securely. It provides a standard
interface to access structured data, usually stored in databases, files, or network
sources. Content providers are accessed using URIs and ensure controlled data
access.
To interact with a content provider, Android uses the Content Resolver class.
Querying data is done using the query () method, which returns a cursor
containing the requested records. Reading data involves retrieving values from
the cursor row by row. Updating data is performed using the update() method
by passing updated values and selection conditions. Deleting data is done using
the delete() method with a selection clause to specify which records should be
removed.
Content providers are widely used for contacts, media files, and shared
application data. They ensure data consistency, security, and structured access
across applications.

3. What are Checkboxes and Radio Buttons? Write code to show their use
in Android.
CheckBoxes and RadioButtons are input controls in Android used to capture
user choices. A CheckBox allows users to select multiple options
independently, while a RadioButton allows selection of only one option from a
group. RadioButtons are usually grouped using a RadioGroup to ensure single
selection.
In Android XML layout, CheckBoxes are defined using <CheckBox> and
RadioButtons using <RadioButton>. In Java or Kotlin code, event listeners are
attached to detect user interaction. For example, CheckBoxes are commonly
used to select hobbies, while Radio Buttons are used for gender selection.
These controls improve user interaction and are essential in forms, surveys, and
settings screens. They help in capturing structured input efficiently.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>GeeksfoGeeks</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
Do you agree this statement?
<br>
 <input type="radio"
name="agree"
value="yes">Yes
<br>
<input type="radio"
name="agree"
value="no">No
<br>
<input type="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

4. What is a Database? Write a program to create a database, read its

values, and display them in Android.
A database is an organized collection of structured data stored electronically. In
Android, SQLite is commonly used as a lightweight, embedded database. It
allows applications to store and retrieve data locally without requiring a server.
To create a database in Android, developers use the SQLiteOpenHelper class.
This class helps manage database creation and version control. Tables are
created using SQL CREATE TABLE commands. Data is inserted using
INSERT, retrieved using SELECT, and displayed using cursors in UI
components such as ListView or RecyclerView.
Reading values involves executing a query, iterating through the cursor, and
extracting column values. SQLite databases are widely used for offline storage,
user data, and application settings.

5. What is SQLite? Explain Insert, Update, and Delete commands in

SQLite with suitable example.
SQLite is a lightweight, serverless relational database engine used in Android
applications for local data storage. It supports standard SQL commands and is
efficient for mobile devices.
The INSERT command adds new records into a table. The UPDATE command
modifies existing records based on a condition. The DELETE command
removes records from a table. These operations are executed using SQL queries
or Android’s database APIs.
SQLite is reliable, fast, and easy to integrate, making it ideal for mobile
applications that require structured local storage.

6. Explain Shared Preferences with example. Also explain List Preference

and Checkbox Preference.
Shared Preferences is an Android mechanism used to store small amounts of
key-value data persistently. It is commonly used for storing user settings such as
login status or app preferences.
Data is stored using the Shared Preferences interface and retrieved whenever
needed. List Preference allows users to select one value from a predefined list,
commonly used in settings screens. Checkbox Preference allows users to enable
or disable a feature using a Boolean value.
Shared Preferences are simple, lightweight, and ideal for configuration data.
7. What is GSM? Describe the architecture of GSM. Also discuss security
issues in GSM.
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) is a digital cellular
communication system used for mobile voice calls, SMS, and basic data
services. It provides better call quality, international roaming, and efficient use
of network resources. GSM uses digital transmission, which makes
communication more reliable than analogy systems.
The GSM architecture consists of four main components. The Mobile Station
(MS) includes the mobile phone and SIM card, which stores user identity. The
Base Station Subsystem (BSS) handles radio communication and includes BTS
and BSC. The Network Switching Subsystem (NSS) manages call switching,
mobility, authentication, and billing. The Operation Support System (OSS)
monitors and maintains the network.
GSM has some security issues such as SIM cloning, where SIM data is copied
illegally, weak encryption algorithms in early versions, and eavesdropping,
where calls can be intercepted. Despite these issues, GSM remains an important
foundation for modern mobile communication technologies.

8. What do you understand by WAP? How is security enforced in WAP?

WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) is a protocol that allows mobile devices
to access internet services over wireless networks. It was designed for devices
with small screens, low memory, and limited bandwidth. WAP supports
services such as mobile banking, email, news, and ticket booking.
WAP works using a client–server model where the mobile device sends
requests to a web server through a WAP Gateway. The gateway converts web
content into a format suitable for mobile devices.
Security in WAP is provided by WTLS (Wireless Transport Layer Security).
WTLS offers encryption to protect data, authentication to verify users and
servers, and data integrity to prevent data modification. These security features
protect sensitive information during wireless communication.

9. Write short notes on Bluetooth, MANET, Symbian OS, and J2ME.

Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology used to exchange data between
devices such as mobile phones, laptops, and wireless headsets. It consumes low
power and is ideal for personal area networks.
MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network) is a wireless network formed by mobile
devices without fixed infrastructure. Each device acts as both a host and router.
MANETs are useful in disaster recovery and military communication.
Symbian OS is a mobile operating system mainly used in early Nokia
smartphones. It supports multitasking, efficient memory use, and real-time
operations.
J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition) is a Java platform for developing applications
on devices with limited resources. It was widely used in feature phones.

10. What is CDMA? Explain basic function of CDMA. Differentiate

between CDMA and GSM.
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) is a wireless communication
technology where multiple users share the same frequency using unique digital
codes. Each user’s signal is encoded and decoded using a specific code, which
reduces interference and improves call quality.
The basic function of CDMA involves spreading user data across a wide
frequency spectrum. At the receiver, the same code is used to extract the
original signal, ensuring secure communication.
Difference between CDMA and GSM: GSM uses time-division technique and
SIM cards, while CDMA uses code-division and traditionally does not depend
on SIM cards. GSM is widely used worldwide, while CDMA offers better
security and call quality.
1) What is SQLite? Explain AIDL, Middleware and Gateway
SQLite is a lightweight, serverless, embedded relational database used in
Android for local data storage. It stores data in a single file and supports SQL
queries, transactions, and indexes. It is ideal for small to medium applications
like contacts, notes, and offline apps.
AIDL (Android Interface Definition Language) is used for communication
between different Android processes. It allows methods to be called across
process boundaries (IPC). AIDL is mainly used when services run in separate
processes.
Middleware acts as an intermediate layer between applications and the
operating system. In Android, middleware provides services like database
access, messaging, media handling, and connectivity, reducing complexity for
developers.
Gateway is a network access point that connects mobile devices to external
networks or servers. In Android systems, gateways help route data between
mobile apps and backend services.

2) Explain security issues in mobiles. Also explain Debug, Toast and ADB
(Android Debug Bridge)
Mobile security issues include malware attacks, data leakage, insecure app
permissions, weak authentication, phishing, and unsecured Wi-Fi networks.
Poor encryption and unsafe app installations increase risks.
Debugging is the process of identifying and fixing errors in an Android
application. Android Studio provides debugging tools like breakpoints and log
monitoring.
Toast is a small popup message displayed on the screen for a short time. It is
used to show notifications or feedback without interrupting user interaction.
ADB (Android Debug Bridge) is a command-line tool that allows developers
to communicate with Android devices. It is used for installing apps, viewing
logs, debugging, file transfer, and running shell commands.

3) Difference between Class, File and Activity

A Class is a blueprint for creating objects. In Android, classes define logic,
methods, and variables. Java/Kotlin classes are used to build application
components.
A File is a physical storage unit that stores data such as images, text, audio, or
databases. Android files can be internal or external.
An Activity is an Android component that represents a single screen with a user
interface. Each activity has a lifecycle (onCreate, onStart, onResume, etc.) and
is declared in the Android Manifest file.
Difference summary:
 Class → Code structure
  File → Data storage
 Activity → User interface screen

4) Explain ADB and Android Resources. Also explain different types of

WAP architecture
ADB (Android Debug Bridge) allows developers to manage devices and
emulators. It helps install apps, debug issues, capture logs, and execute shell
commands.
Android Resources are external elements used by apps, such as layouts,
strings, images, colors, and styles. They are stored in the res folder and help
separate UI from logic.
WAP Architecture types:
1. WAP Client: Mobile device with a WAP browser
2. WAP Gateway: Converts WAP requests into HTTP
3. WAP Server: Hosts content and services
This architecture enables mobile devices to access web content efficiently.

5) Explain System Software, OS, WiMAX, TAP, SDK

System Software manages hardware and provides a platform for applications.
Operating System (OS) controls system resources, memory, processes, and
hardware interaction. Android OS is based on Linux.
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a wireless
broadband technology providing high-speed internet over long distances.
TAP (Test Access Point) is used for testing and monitoring data flow in
communication systems.
SDK (Software Development Kit) provides tools, libraries, APIs, and
documentation for developing applications. Android SDK is essential for
Android app development.

6) Explain IEEE 802.11, CDMA, GSM concepts

IEEE 802.11 defines wireless LAN standards (Wi-Fi). It enables high-speed
wireless communication between devices.
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) allows multiple users to share the
same frequency by using unique codes. It offers better security and capacity.
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) is a digital cellular
technology used worldwide for voice and data communication. It uses SIM
cards and supports SMS, voice, and internet services.

7) Explain Mobile IP, Recruitment, Spinner Concept, String Resource

Mobile IP allows mobile devices to move across networks while maintaining
the same IP address, ensuring uninterrupted communication.
A breach point is a point of failure or vulnerability in a system where security,
control, or normal flow is broken, allowing unauthorized access, data leakage,
or system malfunction.
Spinner is a dropdown UI component in Android that allows users to select one
item from a list.
String Resource stores text values in the [Link] file. It supports
localization and easy text management.