2024 International Conference on Power, Energy, Control and Transmission Systems (ICPECTS)

SMART ACCIDENT PREVENTION AT HAIRPIN BENDS USING

SENSOR-BASED SYSTEM
2024 International Conference on Power, Energy, Control and Transmission Systems (ICPECTS) | 979-8-3315-0884-5/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICPECTS62210.2024.10780040

Mr. Rajapandian. B Ms. Premalatha. S Sathya Priya M

Associate Professor, Electronics and Associate Professor, Electronics and Electronics and Instrumentation
Instrumentation Department Instrumentation Department Department
Sri SaiRam Engineering College, Sri SaiRam Engineering College, Sri SaiRam Engineering College,
WestT ambaram, West Tambaram, West Tambaram,
Chennai, India Chennai, India Chennai, India
[Link]@[Link] [Link]@[Link]. sec22ei081@[Link]

Subhiksha V Nivethitha S Nikitha S

Electronics and Electronics and Electronics and Instrumentation
Instrumentation Department Instrumentation Department Department
Sri SaiRam Engineering College, Sri SaiRam Engineering College, Sri SaiRam Engineering College,
West Tambaram, West Tambaram, West Tambaram,
Chennai, India Chennai, India Chennai, India
sec22ei066@[Link] sec22ei056@[Link] sec22ei052@[Link]

ABSTRACT: [Link]
Accidents are repeated in many countries and people The salient feature of this project is to prevent
suffer. Mountain roads and the curved ones are among
those that have accidents frequently. In these conditions accidents in curvy mountain roads.
there are roads which have sharp turns and as a result the
driver has no visibility of the vehicles in the opposite lane. III. PROPOSEDMODEL
These are the places where everyone needs to be careful Apparently, this project was specifically conceived to
and intelligent enough. This problem is to inform the
avoid a crash and not really to be built. A project proposes
driver about the problem causing the object in the opposite
direction. This can be achieved by installing an ultrasonic to limit the occurrence of various types of accidents on
sensor on one side of the road before the curve, and roads and enhance the safety of roadside users in hairpin
positioning an LED light and buzzer on the opposite side curves with sensors that are able to detect objects that are
after the curve. When a vehicle is detected by the sensor, up to 10 meters away. If a car is at 10 meters from the
the LED light and buzzer will be activated on the other curve, the sensor will act at once by vibrating a LED light
side of the road. to the driver that is coming in the opposite direction and at
KEYWORDS: Curvy roads, Hair pin bend, Ultrasonic the same time blaring a buzzer.
sensor, Arduino Mega2560, Accident Prevention. [Link] DESIGN:
The embedded device is classified into two parts, namely
[Link]: Hardware and Software. Hardware, as one part, is a design
There are several dangerous roads around the globe, such that is made up of ultrasonic sensor, microcontroller, LED
as mountainous roads and narrow curve roads. On these and buzzer. The +5V DC that is being used to power-on the
types of roads the driver can not see the other side due to ultrasonic sensor is in turn. Sensor is used for sensing
the obstacles like rocks which are present at the middle. If vehicle or obstacle lighting the LE and buzzer by the
the speed is high then the chances of accident are high.
Arduino Mega2560. Programming can be made by using
These are the reasons why many people die. To address
embedded C or C++.here we used a LED light that is green
this issue, a timely alert system is necessary to notify
and red in color and a maximum of around +5V DC supply
drivers of oncoming obstacles from the opposite direction.
Generally, horns are used for alerting, but the noise of the
horn cannot be heard during the rainy season. To prevent
these problems the sensor-based accident prevention
system is installed.

979-8-3315-0884-5/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE

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 [Link] DESCRIPTION: [Link] SENSOR:
[Link]: In[5], First of all, it's important to understand that
ultrasonic sensors are made to calculate distance of the object
The microcontroller board known as Arduino Mega 2560
by creating ultrasonic sound waves and then converting the
is based on ATmega2560. It consists of 54 digital
reflected sound waves into the electrical signal. Besides that
input/output pins (14 of which can be used for PWM
ultrasonic sensors also give a very high frequency that is
outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial
impossible for a human ear to hear. While the car is getting
ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a
closer, the sensor detects the car and the red light will come on
power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. The board
and the quiet buzzer will be on the other side of the curb. If the
is equipped with all the components that are needed for
vehicle is missing, the sensor is next to sense and the green
the microcontroller, which allows you to connect it to the
light will then glow. The operation cycle is a
OS via the USB cable for the power supply or use an AC-
repetition of the process.
to-DC adapter or battery-based method and
you're good to go.
[Link]:

Directional Arrow LEDs: Guide drivers on the correct

path, especially sharp or blind hairpin bends, providing
accurate or directional instructions to drivers. Arrow-
shaped light panels. Programmable to signify left or right
turns. Easily visible even at long distances.
Fig.1 Arduino Mega
[Link]:
A buzzer which is also known as a beeper is an audio
signal producing device that can be either mechanical,
electromechanical, or piezoelectric. In this project, the buzzer
buzzes or beeps to make the driver aware of the obstacle when
Fig.2 Directional Arrow LED the sensor detects the object.
Programmable RGB LEDs: In [5] bring a message
across changing colors in case of real-time phenomena
detected by using sensors. red for danger and yellow
indicated cautions.

Fig.4 Buzzer
[Link] ACCIDENT
DETECTION AI CAMERA:
Fig.3 Programmable RGB LED The goal is to leverage real-time video feeds from surveillance
High brightness LED modules: Consistent high cameras to detect vehicular collisions and enhance road safety
visibility in very strong daylight conditions to allow through optimal safety measures. This approach prevents
drivers crossing the recession to see the warnings accidents, minimizes congestion, and enables data-driven
clearly. Bright, powerful light. Not to mention the monitoring of vehicle flow. Aligning with the vehicle detection
various colors available that are perfect for any kind of project, we aim to detect accidents involving vehicles and
application (like red, yellow, green, and some particular Directional Arrow LEDs: Guide drivers on the correct path,
ones for warnings and signals).It can endure all the harsh especially sharp or blind hairpin bends, providing accurate or
weather conditions including rain. directional instructions to drivers. Arrow-shaped light panels.

Edge-Lit LED Panels: are those lights providing clear, Programmable to signify left or right turns.
even light for road signs or hazardous indicators. Given
that it has a design which is not very thick and has been Easily visible even at long distances address challenges like low
combined with the effect of the ways that light can be power consumption, select suitable deep learning frameworks,
used in the human environment. Energy-efficient with and mitigate latency and bandwidth issues. By utilizing low-
power embedded systems like Raspberry Pi, we can upgrade
low heat/heating emission. Variety of shapes and sizes
camera functionality and achieve our objectives.
can be bought everywhere.

Authorized licensed use limited to: Indian Institute of Technology (Ropar). Downloaded on December 30,2025 at [Link] UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Technologies Used: [Link]:
Intel Neural Compute Stick, USB Camera, Raspberry
Pi 3 Model B+ board, Raspbian OS, Linux 16.04
LTE, Open VINO toolkit, Python, C++

GPS:
In [6], GPS (Global Positioning System) is a navigation
system based on satellites, receivers and GPS navigation
software designed to synchronize location, velocity, and
time information for air, sea, and land travel. Whenever
an accident occurs, the ai camera detects it and sends the
signal to the microcontroller Arduino Uno. the
microcontroller will use the GSP module to determine
the location and will send the information to a local
police station via GSM module.

GSM:
In [6],GSM connects a remote network using
GSM technology. In the case of the mobile phone
network, the M2M system is almost the same as
the ordinary mobile phone, it also uses a SIM card
that it sends to the mobile phone. Communication
is created between the M2M system and the
mobile phone network. The GSM module after
receiving the signal from Arduino mega sends an
alerting SMS.
Fig.5 Block diagram
[Link]:
Two ultrasonic sensors are placed on both the sides of
REALTIME ACCIDENT DETECTION
the hairpin bend road. One sensor (S1)is placed on one AI CAMERA
curve. Another sensor(S2)is placed on other side of the
road before the curve. The sensors are mutually
connected to ESP8266 through wires. Based on the
output of sensors, the obstacles on either side of the bend
is detected and the input isprovided to the ARDUINO
MEGA. In[1], The ARDUINO MEGA which works on
a power supply of 5Vruns and triggers the warning
LEDs to glow& the buzzer . Warning LEDs along with
a Buzzer are placed at the either side of the curve of a
hair pin bend. A green LED light glows specifying that
there is no obstacle on the opposite side of the road. If
an obstacle approaches from either side of the road the
ultra sonic sensor senses and a red LED light will glow
at the other end of the curve cautioning the driver about
the nearing obstacle. In the absence of the vehicle, the
sensor will not sense anything and the light will glow as
Green. This process is iterated continuously. The vehicle
accident detection system contains GSM module, a GPS
module and real time accident detection AI camera
connected to the Arduino Mega. In[6],GSM is used to
establish cellular connection and GPS is used to trace the
position of vehicle. Now-a-days it is tought know that an
accident has occurred and to locate accidental spot. This Fig.6 Realtime accident detection AI camera
project hands out an automatic location finding system
of accidental spot using GPS and GSM SMS services.

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 TABLE:1 make hairpin bends significantly safer, contributing to
RESULT: overall road safety improvements and a reduction in the
number of traffic-related incidents
ASPECT WITHOUT WITH SENSOR
SENSOR BASED SYSTEM
[Link]
BASED
SYSTEM
[1].Aravinda B, Chaithralakshmi C, Deeksha, Ashutha K“
Accident Rates More car Significant reduction
Sensor Based Accident Prevention System”
accidents will in accident rates due
International Journal of Innovative Research in Electrical,
happen especially to real time warning
Electronics, Instrumentation And Control Engineering Vol.
in low visibility and alerts
4, Issue 6, June 2016.
Traffic Flow Traffic jam and Controlling the speed [2].Kartik Venkata Mutya, Sandeep Rudra
that of disruptive limit and guiding the “Road Safety Mechanism to Prevent Overtaking Accidents”
driving at the direction will be a International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology
risky area. very smooth traffic (IJETT) – Volume 28 Number 5 - October2015.[3].Ranga
flow. Sreedhar Galla“ Diminishing Road Accidents on Sharp
Environmental High emissions Smooth traffic will Curves Using Arduino”
Impact are caused by the mean less fuel and ISSN:2456-9992
frequent braking reduced emissions. [4]R. Meena ,R. Lavanya and K. Suresh
and the traffic Kumar “Pre-Crash Sensing and Warning System in Hilly
jam. Region” Asian Journal of
Driver A driver might be The proactive Applied Science and Technology(AJAST)Volume1, Issue
Confidence indecisive and guidance and reduced 3, Pages 0810, April 2017.[5]Prof.
stressed on sharp hazard detection have Lakshmi praba Balaji, et. al.,2017. Smart highway systems
navigation, for caused confidence to for accident prevention using IoT.
instance. increase. Management&Research,Akurdi,Pune,India.5(5).
TABLE :2

1. Accident Reduction The potential for accidents

Rates: will be decreased between 20-
40%, particularly on
steep hairpin turns.
2. Instant Warnings: 15-25% fall in speed-related
accidents when compared to
the times of non-deployment
of these systems.
3. Pilot Program Some areas reported a
Results: decrease of up to 30% in the
number of accidents after the
application of pilot programs .
4. Driver Behavior Such compliance reports led to
Improvement: 10-20% reduction in traffic-
related incidents.
5. Budget Efficiency: Safety devices will permit
several dollars in accident
costs to be saved in the
community for every one-
dollar expenditure, thereby
proving the quality
of these systems.

[Link]
The primary goal of this project is to minimize the
likelihood of a road accident on mountainous twisty
roads. This is achieved by installing led lights and buzzer
in the driver cabin, which by flashing and ringing inform
the driver about the upcoming obstacles. The vehicles
are detected by ultrasonic sensor. However, if an
accident occurs, the system will send an immediate alert
message with the location to the nearby police station
through a GPS module, GSM module and Arduino
Mega2560. By executing this project, road accidents can
be avoided in large numbers enabling the survival of
thousands. the smart accident prevention system aims to
Authorized licensed use limited to: Indian Institute of Technology (Ropar). Downloaded on December 30,2025 at [Link] UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
Authorized licensed use limited to: Indian Institute of Technology (Ropar). Downloaded on December 30,2025 at [Link] UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.