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Causal Hypotheses Explained

The document discusses causal hypotheses in research. A causal hypothesis states the relationship between an independent and dependent variable and describes a potential cause and effect. Hypotheses are usually stated as a null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis. The null proposes no effect or relationship, while the alternative proposes an effect or relationship. Hypotheses can be one-tailed, with the alternative specifying the direction of effect, or two-tailed, with the alternative being non-directional.

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4K views8 pages

Causal Hypotheses Explained

The document discusses causal hypotheses in research. A causal hypothesis states the relationship between an independent and dependent variable and describes a potential cause and effect. Hypotheses are usually stated as a null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis. The null proposes no effect or relationship, while the alternative proposes an effect or relationship. Hypotheses can be one-tailed, with the alternative specifying the direction of effect, or two-tailed, with the alternative being non-directional.

Uploaded by

malyn1218
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Causal Hypotheses

Causal Hypotheses
● Statement of relationship between an
independent and dependent variable
● Describes a cause and effect
● Usually stated in two forms
● The null hypothesis
● The alternative hypothesis
● The two forms are
● Mutually exclusive
● Exhaustive
Causal Hypothesis (One-Tail)

Causal hypothesis Employee training program will reduce


employee absenteeism.

Null: There will be no change or there will be more


absenteeism as a result of training.

Alternative: There will be less absenteeism as a result of


training.
Causal Hypothesis (One-Tail)

Causal hypothesis Employee training program will reduce


employee absenteeism.

Null: There will be no change or there will be more


absenteeism as a result of training.

Alternative: There will be less absenteeism as a result of


training.
No change

Less More
- 0 +
Absenteeism
Causal Hypothesis (One-Tail)

Causal hypothesis Employee training program will reduce


employee absenteeism.

Null: There will be no change or there will be more


absenteeism as a result of training
.
Alternative: There will be less absenteeism as a result of
training.
No change

A “one-tail” hypothesis

Less More
- 0 +
Absenteeism
Causal Hypothesis (Two-Tail)

Causal hypothesis Our new drug treatment will cause a difference


in depression.

Null: There will be no change in depression as a


result of treatment.

Alternative: There will be a change in depression as a


result of treatment.
Causal Hypothesis (Two-Tail)

Causal hypothesis Our new drug treatment will cause a difference


in depression.

Null: There will be no change in depression as a


result of treatment.

Alternative: There will be a change in depression as a


result of treatment.
No change

Less More
- 0 +
Depression
Causal Hypothesis (Two-Tail)

Causal hypothesis Our new drug treatment will cause a difference


in depression.

Null: There will be no change in depression as a


result of treatment
.
Alternative: There will be a change in depression as a
result of treatment.
No change

A “two-tail” hypothesis

Less More
- 0 +
Depression

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