TRIGLYCERIDES
Triglycerides consist of a single glycerol
molecule and three fatty acids.
Glycerol
Fatty acids
Triglycerides form by
condensation
(dehydration)
reactions between the
hydroxyl
(OH)
groups
of
the
glycerol
and
the
carboxyl
(COOH)
group of three fatty
acids.
Blood
Fat tissue
Muscle Tissue
Soap
Palm oil
Energy storage - triglycerides contain twice the
energy/gram of carbohydrates or proteins. During
aerobic respiration triglyceride is broken into 2C
portions which are fed into the Krebs cycle.
Source of metabolic water
water is released on the
breakdown of triglycerides and
this property is used efficiently
is by desert mammals.
Insulation triglycerides are found in the
blubber of whales and other aquatic animals.
Buoyancy aquatic animals use triglycerides
to help them float as they are less dense than
water.
Short-, medium-, or long-chain fatty acids
Carbons can be numbered
Carboxyl end (COOH): -carbon (alphafirst)
Methyl end (CH3): -carbon (omegalast)
Determines method of lipid digestion,
absorption, metabolism, and use
Saturated fatty acids have hydrogen atoms
surrounding every carbon in the chain
Monounsaturated fatty acids lack one hydrogen
atom (one double bond)
Polyunsaturated fatty acids have more than
one double bond
Determined by the saturation of the carbon chains
Saturated fatty acids pack tightly together and are
solid at room temperature
Hydrogen atoms at the unsaturated part can be
arranged in different positions:
Cis: same side of the carbon chain
Trans: opposite sides of the chain
Animals store their energy
in triglycerides with high
melting points which are
solid at room temperature.
These triglycerides
are referred to as fats.
result from reaction
between glycerol and a
saturated fatty acid e.g.
stearic acid.
In animals triglycerides contain :
Single bonds only in fatty acids
Saturated fatty acids
Straight chained fatty acids
Stearic Acid is an example
Solid at room temperature high melting point
Store energy
Source of metabolic water
Simply amazing as insulation and buoyancy aid
Plants store their energy in
triglycerides
with
low
melting points which are
liquid at room temperature.
These triglycerides
are referred to as oils
result
from
reaction
between glycerol and an
unsaturated fatty acid
e.g. oleic acid.
In plants triglycerides contain :
Double bonds in fatty acids
Unsaturated
Kinked chains
Oleic Acid is example
Liquid at room temperature low melting
point
Store energy
Triglycerides are insoluble in
water because they have no
charge i.e. they have
covalent bonds. This causes
them to form droplets in the
cytoplasm.
Wax candles or an ester compound formed
by long-chain alcohols and long-chain fatty
acids . Candles are not easily hydrolyzed
as fat and can not be broken down by
enzymes that break down fat .
Examples of alcohol length :
a. Setilalkohol
CH3(CH2)14 CH2 OH
b.
Mirisilalkohol
CH3(CH2)28 CH2 OH
1. spermaceti candle wax is contained in the head of
a whale ( sperm wale ) are suspected as a
regulator of the buoyancy of the whale when
diving in waters
2. beeswax ( beeswax ) are high molecular weight
compounds that serve as the building blocks of
honeycomb .
3. carnauba wax , which is a mixture of compounds
with high molecular weight , which is produced by
plants carnaubadan serves as a protective leaves
in efforts to prevent the evapor
Coronary heart
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a
disease in which a waxy substance
called plaque (plak) builds up inside the
coronary arteries.
A stroke occurs when
the blood supply to part
of your brain is
interrupted or severely
reduced, depriving brain
tissue of oxygen and
food. Within minutes,
brain cells begin to die.
The higher the amount of
triglycerides in fat cells that stimulate
the release of certain inflammatory cells
called Cytokines into the bloodstream.
Making the diabetics can not produce
insulin.
High triglycerides causes excess fat
cells in the liver making the liver
damage
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