Grammar and Structure for

Ielts

Unit 1: Present
Tense

Contents
1
2
3

Present Simple
Present Continuous
State Verb

Present
simple

1. Present Simple

She often gets up

at 6.00am every
day

She usually does

exercise
She has a big
breakfast

Regular habits or actions

1. Present Simple

She has a long hair

The sun rises in the east.

Permanent states and facts

1. Present Simple

Excuse me,
how to get
to the
cinema?
You go straight ahead and
then you turn left. Its
opposite the park.

Instructions and directions

1. Present Simple

A woman falls in love with a

poor man in this film.

Stories, films, books

1. Present Simple
A. The train will leave in 10 minutes
B. The train leaves in 10 minutes

A. When will the plane arrive?

B. When does the plane arrive?

Programmes or timetable

1. Present Simple
TIME EXPRESSIONS

every day/week/
month/year
occasionally
now and then
on Mondays/
Tuesdays

always
usually
often
sometimes
seldom
rarely
hardly ever
never

FORMS
+

S+

V
V+ES/S

-I like Korean food.

- S + DO/DOES+ NOT+V(bare-I dont like

food.

inf)

Korean

DO/DOES +S +V(bare
inf) ?

-Do you like Korean

food?

I/you/we/they: Do
She/he/it: Does

VERB + S/ES RULES

go
1. I often.
(go) to school by
bus
goes
2. He often (go) to school by
bus
1. I often.
read
(read) books in the
evening
reads
2. He often (read) books in the
evening

VERB + S/ES RULES

Kiss
Go
Brush
Fix
watch

Kisses
Goes
Brushes
Fixes
watches

ss, -sh, -ch, -x,

-o
-es

VERB + S/ES RULES

A vowel +
y
V ending
in

Take -s

e.g. play-plays, say-says, prayprays, stay-stays,

A consonant +
y

Drop y
Take ies

e.g. cry-cries, fly-flies, copy-copies,

Present
continuous

2. Present Continuous

He is studying right
now

Mark is playing game at

the moment

For actions happening now, at the moment of speaking

Present Continuous

She is practicing for

a concert these
days

Temporary actions happening around now, not at the

moment of speaking

Present Continuous

The price of petrol is

increasing rapidly
Trends or changing situations

Present Continuous
You are always interrupting
me

He is always copying my
homework

Actions happening too often, express annoyance or

criticism

Present Continuous
He is flying to New York in an
hour

They are going camping

tomorrow

Fix arrangements in the near future

Present Continuous
TIME EXPRESSIONS

At the moment
These days
At present
Always
now

FORMS
+ S + am/is/are +

- She is listening to
music
S + am/is/are + NOT -She isnt listening to
+ V+ING
music

V+ING

Am/Is/Are + S +
V+ING

-Is she listening to

music?

I am
Singular subjects (He/She/It) is
Plural subjects (We/They/You) are

NON CONTINUOUS V
A. This cake looks delicious
B. This cake is looking
delicious

A. He loves music
B. He is loving music
C. He love music

NON CONTINUOUS V
Verbs of
senses

See, hear, feel, smell,

taste

Verbs of
perception

Know, remember, forget,

understand, think,
realise,
Love, like, hate, dislike,
enjoy,

Verbs express
like and dislike
Other Verbs

Include, matter, need,

belong, want, have, own,
appear, believe,.

Some state verbs can

be used in the
continuous form when
the meaning is
temporary.
hink she is a good person(think = believe)
NOTE:

m thinking about my trouble

(think = consider)

his soup tastes delicious(= has a delicious flav

m tasting the soup. It is delicious
(is tasting the flavo

w him doing his homework

(perceive with my eye)
(am meeting )
am seeing him after this class

Unit 2: Past
Tense

Contents
1

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Used to- would

Past
simple

Past Simple

They graduated in 2000

He left 15 minutes ago

Actions happened at a definite or stated time in the past

Past Simple

He often played football

with his dad when he
was five
I never played games
when I was at college

Actions happened repeatedly in the past but dont happen

any more

Past Simple

We bought food first

Then we cooked

After that, we had dinner

Actions happened immediately one after the other in
the past

Past Simple

Linda and Mark lived in Australia for

about 15 years

Long - term past situations which are

no longer true

Past Simple
TIME EXPRESSIONS

yesterday

Two days/weeks/months/years ago

last week/month/year

when

In 1992
then, ect

FORMS

S +Ved/V(2)

S +DID NOT + [Link]

DID + S + [Link] ?

-I phoned Mark last night

-She went shopping an
hour ago
-I didnt phone Mark last
night
-She didnt go shopping an
hour
ago phone Mark last
-Did you
night ?
-Did she go shopping an
hour ago?

V(2) tobe:
you/we/they: were
I/ She/he/it: was

Past
continuous

Past Continuous

At 3 oclock yesterday
afternoon, they were
washing the dog
Mike was reading books
at 9 oclock last night.

Actions was in progress at a stated time in the past

Past Continuous

He was reading a
newspaper when his wife
came
When we were sunbathing
, it started to rain

Actions was in progress when another action interrupted it

Past Continuous

He was watching TV while

his wife was cooking

She was talking on the

phone while she was
driving

2 or more actions were happening at the same time

TIME EXPRESSIONS
When
While
As
All day/ night, morning
The whole afternoon
For hours/ days
At the same time

FORMS

+ S +was/were
-

+V-ing
S +was/were +
NOT +V-ing

? Was/were + S +Ving?

She was playing

tennis
She was NOT
playing tennis
Was she playing
tennis?

Yes, she was

No, she
wasnt/was not

Used to
would

Used to would

I used to drink a lot of

beer

Mary used to live in a

small house, but now she
lives in a villa

Past habits or things that dont happen any more

A. He didnt use to take the

dog for a walk
B. He wouldn't take the dog
for a walk
C. A & B are correct

Would is not used in negative form and Yes/ No

questions and state V

A. He used to teach for this

school for 10 years
B. He taught for this school for
10 years
C. A & B are correct
Do not use Used to: talk about how long the
situation lasted

EXERCISES

Ex.1/3

Unit 1

Ex.2/3
filling in
[Link] busy right now. I Am
..(fill
in) an application form for a new job
sees
2. My tutor..
(see) me for a
tutorial every Monday at 2 oclock
Isnt..
studying
3. John
(not study) very
Dont think
hard at the moment.
I (not think)
..he will pass his exams
Is he
doing
4. What
..
(he/ do)? He
Is trying
..
(try) to fix the television
aerial Breathe in
Give out
5. Animals ..
(breathe in)
oxygen and (give out) ..
carbon dioxide

Want
6. Be quiet!
I (want) to hear the
news
drive
7. In my country we (drive) on
the right-hand side of the road
Are travelling
8. My friend Joes parents .
(travel) round the World this summer,
runs
9. The college ..(run) the same
are falling
course every year
10. Numbers of wild butterflies

Ex.3/4
We energy
for 3 main things : electricity
use
production, heating and transport. For
the first two,
have
weoptions such as solar and wind power,
or natural gas. But oil is still the worlds number one.
Source of energy consumption ...year by

Is going up

year and demand in similar

Is catching up

know

regions...fast. [Link] to use

energy more efficiently now than in the past but the

Is causing

worldwide rise in demand ..concern

think

amongst experts. Some experts.. that oil

supplies will start to fall within agree
the next twenty

years. Most experts . that we need to find

a new source of energy soon.

Ex.4/4

see
1. Can

.
increasing
2. Is
..
decreasing
3. Is
.

Warms
4.
5. ..
Rises
6. .
Changes

Unit 2

Ex.1/7

Was
Took
Was
Received
Meant

Invented
Laid
Allowed
Replaced
Increased

Did not own

Walked

Rode

Ex.2/8
Made

Was
describi
ng

Noticed
Said

Were
studyin
g

Was crying

Picked up

apologized

Said
Didnt
know

Made
happened

Was showin

Was
examinin
g

Got

Was
smili
Said
ng
Laughed

Wasnt
looking

Inspired

Started

Ex.3/8
Did you use
T: What sort of things 1
(you/ do) as a child?
to do
Yoko: Oh, when I was a child growing up in Japan
there
were
many
customs
that
we
2.
(follow). For example,
Would/ used to
I remember we 3. (move) house
follow
Move
when I was seven and we 4
Visite
d
(visit) our new neighbors
with gifts. At that time
the
tradition
was d that
people
5
Would/ used to
(give)
gifts if Japanese
give
noodles, but it is
different now and people tend
to give things like soap or towels or nothing at
all. Did you use to
T: 6
(have) one tradition
have
that you particularly remember?

Yoko:
Yes,
one
tradition
that
I
7
used to really

(really/like) was in the

like
spring
when the cherry blossoms were out. As a
to/ would
family, weUsed
8
(go) into the
go and we 9 Used
to/ would
countryside

(spend) the day eating,spend

drinking and singing.
One year my father Took
10
(take) a lovely photo of me and my sisters and I
still keep that picture on my wall today
T: And 11
(you/
Did you use to
have to) do anything
you didnt like?
have to
Yoko:
Yes,
I
remember
how
we
12

(have to) clean the

Used to have
house
tothoroughly. This ceremony is called Osoji
and
my Didnt
sisters
and
I
13
use to look
.
(not/
look
forward to
forward to) it very much!

Ex.4/9

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Used to go
.
.

.
Noticed
.

.
Realized
.
Was snowing

Skidded

9. .
10.
[Link]

12.
Stopped
13.
14.
15. Came

16.