Design of various component
Of sewage Treatment plant
Department of Civil Engineering
Greater Noida
SHIVAM KUMAR VARUN
(CE1419200102)
Guided By :-
Mr. MD. NASSEM
(Assistant Professor)
Department Of Civil Engineering
GLBITM
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
[Link] TITLE PAGE NO
1. INTRODUCTION 4
2. OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT 5
3. DESIGN CONSIDERATION 6
4. FLOW DIAGRAM 7
5. PROCEDURE 8
6. SCREENING 9-10
7. GRIT CHAMBER 11-13
8. PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION TANK 14
9. AERATION TANK 15
10. SCONDARY CALIFERS 16-17
11. SLUDGE PUMPS 18
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INTRODUCTION
• The main function of wastewater treatment plants is to protect human health and
the environment from excessive overloading of various pollutants. Due to
industrial development domestic effluent and urban run-off contribute the bulk of
wastewater generated. Domestic wastewater usually contains grey water (sullage),
which is wastewater generated from washrooms, bathrooms, laundries, kitchens
etc. It also contains black water made up of urine, excreta and flush water
generated from toilets.
• Rapid growth of industries has enhanced the productivity, but resulted in the
production and release of polluting substances into the environment. Thus creating
health hazards and effected normal life of flora and fauna. These wastes produce
harmful effects on the environment and are generally released in the form of
solids, liquid wastes and slurries containing organic and inorganic chemicals.
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Objective Of the Project
• To identify the sources and quantify the waste water.
• To study the composition and characteristics of waste water.
• To design the primary sewage treatment units for the estimated sewage discharge.
• Design of various component of sewage treatment plant.
• Recycling of wastewater for domestic and industrial use.
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
• Following points are considered during the design of sewage treatment unit:
• The design period should be taken between 25 to 30 years.
• The design should not be done on the hourly sewage flow basis, but the averagedomestic flow
basis.
• Instead of providing one big unit for each treatment more than two numbers smallunits should
provided, which will provide in operation as well as no stoppage duringmaintenance and repair of
the plant.
• Overflow weirs and the bypasses should be provided to cut the particular operation ifdesired.
• Self cleaning velocity should develop at every place and stage.
• The design of the treatment units should be economical; easy in maintenance should offer
flexibility in operation
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SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
INCOMING
IIII SEWER
PRE-TREATMENT WORKS
PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT SLUDGE
TREATMENT
FINAL SEDIMENTATION
FINAL EFFLUENT TERTIARY TREATMENT
SLUDGE DISPOSAL
RECIEVING
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WATER
WASTE WATER TREATMENT
PROCEDURE
• Treatment processes are often classified as:
(i) Preliminary treatment-
The processes under this are-
• Screening- to remove floating papers, rags, clothes
• Grit chamber- to remove grit and sand
• Skimming tank-to remove oil and greases
(ii) Primary treatment –
primary treatment consists in removing large suspended organic solids
(iii) Secondary treatment-
Here the effluent from primary treatment is treated through biological decomposition oforganic
matter carried out either aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
(iv) Tertiary treatment-
The purpose of tertiary treatment is to provide a final treatment stage to raise the effluentquality
before it is discharged to the receiving environment (sea, river, lake, ground, etc.).
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SCREENING
BAR SCREEN
• Screens are used in wastewater treatment for the removal of coarse
solids.
• Screens are either manually or mechanical cleaned.
• The cross section of the bar screen channel is determined from the continuity equation-
Qd = AcVa Qd = design flow, m3/s
Ac = channel cross section, m2
Va = Velocity in the approach channel, m/s
Ac = Qd/Va W= channel width, m
d = water depth in the channel, m
The head loss through the bar screen is given by
Hl = head loss
Va = approach velocity, m/s
Hl = (V2b – V2a) 1 Vb = Velocity through the openings, m/s
g = acceleration due to gravity, m/s2
2g 0.7
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GRIT CHAMBER
• Grit chambers are basin to remove the inorganic particles to prevent
damage to the pumps, and to prevent their accumulation in sludge
digestors.
• Types Of Grit Chamber:-
• Horizontal Flow Type :-
This chamber have horizontal straight line flow velocity, which is kept constant by over varying discharge
• Aerated Grit Chamber :-
An Aerated Grit Chamber offers a low-cost, echanically simple way to remove grit from a wastewater
stream
Extremely simple mechanical design,No moving parts below the water surface
Vortex grit chamber:-
The vortex grit separator efficiently removes grit from the treatment plant influent stream.
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Vortex grit chamber Aerated Grit Chamber
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Design of Grit Chamber :-
• 1) Velocity of Flow
A velocity of flow in the range 0.15 - 0.3m/sec,is generally recommended.
• Stoke's law: v= g(Ss-1)d2
• Substituting the values of CD in settling velocity equation and simplifying, we get
• v = [0.707(Ss-1)d1.6 u-0.6]0.714
where, CD= drag coefficient Transition flow condition CD= 18.5 = 18.5
2)Design criteria:-
Depth range 3 - 5m
• Length 10 – 20m
• Width 1.5 × depth
• Peak flow rate 1.3 m3/s
• Average flow rate 0.5 m3/s
• Detention time 4 – 6 min
• Volume Peak flow rate × Detention time
• Detention time calculation Volume /average flow rate 13
PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION TANK
• Design of Primary Sedimentation Tank
• Primary sedimentation tank is the settling tank constructed next to skimming tank to remove the
organic solids which are too heavy to be removed i.e. the particles having lesser size of 0.2 mm and
specific gravity of 2.65. The designed tank is circular type which makes settling by allowing radial flow.
• Surface loading- Q/A . Depth of Tank (d) was calculated by the formula
• Where,Q = Discharge d= CAPACITY
A = surface area of tank,m2 A
Settling Velocity-
Vs =g/189 (Ss-1) dp²
• Where –
• Vs – Settling velocity ,m
• Ss – sp. Gravity of a particle
• dp – dia. of a critical particle ,m
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AERATION TANK
Aeration tank is the mixing and diffusing structure in the activated sludge plant. These are rectangular in shape
having the dimensions ranging 3 to 4.5m deep, 4 to 6m wide and 20 to 200m length.
Design of Aeration Tank
Estimation of BOD at inlet
The BOD at inlet was estimated using the formula with the assumption that the percentage of BOD removed in grit
chamber is within the 20%.
BOD at inlet (Y0) was calculated by the formula
Y0 = flow velocity x BOD
volume of aeration tank is calculated for the selected value of qc by assuming a suitable value of Mixed liquor
suspended solids ( MLSS) concentration, X.
• VX = YQqc(SO - S)
1+ kdqc
Efficiency (E) of plant was calculated by the formula
E= Ye /Yo *100
Yo - BOD at inlet
Ye - BOD at outlet
Aeration Period
the permissible limit of aeration period is between 3 – 6 hr
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SECONDARY CLARIFER(Activated sludge)
• Separate and remove solids/biomass produced in biological process in manner that suits process goals
(rapid sludge removal, detention time, etc.).
• Thicken solids for recirculation and process reuse.
• activated sludge plants encompass a variety of mechanisms and processes that use dissolved oxygen to
promote the growth of biological flock that substantially removes organic material.
DESIGN CONSIDERATION
Overflow rate(surface loading)= Q/A
Solids loading=
Q+Qr *X (X= MLSS concentration)
A
Weir loading (less critical then over flow rate)
Q/L
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• Sedimentation tanks can be divided into 4 different functional zones:
1. Inlet zone
2. Settling zone
3. Sludge zone
4. Outlet zone
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SLUDGE PUMPS
• Capacity of Pump
• Pump capacity for aeration process was estimated by the formula with the assumption that the oxygen
transfer rate by aerator in standard condition is 1.41 kg. / HP /hr, and the efficiency of aerators at field
condition in percentage are 90%.
• Oxygen transfer capacity aerators at field conditions calculated by the formula
Oxygen transfer capacity aerators at field conditions = 0.9 x oxygen transfer capacity
Oxygen to be applied in each tank was calculated by the formula
Oxygen to be applied in each tank = oxygen requirement x BOD removed in each tank x peak oxygen demand
Pump capacity was calculated by the formula
Oxygen to be supplied in each tank
HP of aerators required = oxygen transfer capacity aerators at field condition
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