FIRE FIGHTING
PRESENTED TO :- PRESENTED BY :-
[Link] GUPTA AKASH,ZUBAIR
MEGHA,MEENA,RENUKA
[Link] VI Sem. III Year
Introduction
No building material is perfectly fire proof.
Every building contains some materials (such as
furniture, clothing, eatables etc.)
which can either easily catch fire or which are
vulnerable to fire.
In relation to fire, building materials can be
divided into two types:
Non-combustible materials:
These materials do not contribute to the
growth or spread of fire, but are damaged and
decomposed when high temperatures are
reached. Examples of non- combustible
materials are: stones and bricks, concrete,
clay products, metal, glass etc.
Combustible materials:
Combustible materials are those which, during
fire, combine exothermically with oxygen,
resulting in evolution of lot of heat and giving
rise to flame or glow. Such materials burn and
also contribute to the growth of fire. Examples
of these materials are: wood and wood
products, fibreboard, straw board etc.
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS/FIXEDFIRE
FIGHTING INSTALLATION
All buildings depending upon the occupancy use and
height should be protected by fire extinguishers, wet
riser, down-comer, automatic sprinkler installation, high/
medium velocity water spray, water storage tanks, fire
pumps etc, according to the provision. Generally used
fire fighting equipments in a buildings:
1. FIRE EXTINGUISHER
2. HOSE REEL
3. WET RISER
4. DOWN
5. HYDRANT
6. PUMP
7. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM
[Link] STATIC WATER-STORAGE TANK.
9. ILLUMINATED EXIT-WAY MARKING SIGNS
[Link]/ MANUALLY OPERATE FIRE
DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM
HOSE REEL •
It is a high-pressure hose that carries
water or other fire retardant to a fire to
extinguish it.
• It can be attached to a building’s
standpipe or plumbing system, with a high
structure to accommodate the length of a
hose to let it dry after use.
• It works on a pressure of 8-20 kpa.
WET RISERS
are used to supply water within buildings for
fire-fighting purposes. Wet risers are
permanently charged with water. • A WET
RISER PUMP draws water from wet riser
storage tank and two sets of pump, with landing
valves at specified locations on each floor. • It
should be supplied with power from emergency
generator. • Wet riser (diameter 150mm)cum
down comer or only down comer system shall
be provided for residential building.
DRYRISER
• It is a form of internal hydrant for the fire-
man to use. • A dry riser is a normally
empty pipe, that can be externally
connected to a pressurized water source
by fire-fighters. • It is a vertical pipe
intended to distribute water to multiple
levels of a building or structure as a
component of the fire suppression
systems.
DOWN-COMER— • An arrangement
of fire fighting within the building by
means of down-comer pipe.
• It is connected to terrace tank
through terrace pump, gate valve and
non- return valve and having mains
not less than 100 mm internal
diameter. • It has landing valves on
each floor/landing.
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS
A system of water pipes fitted with
sprinkler heads at suitable intervals and
heights and designed to automatically,
control and extinguish a fire by the
discharge of water.
FIRE DETECTION
In buildings, automatic fire detection and alarm
facilities should be provided to warn its occupants
early of the existence of fire, so that they may
escape, or to facilitate the orderly conduct of fire
exit drills.
They detect and warn people through visual and
audio appliances when smoke, fire, carbon dioxide
or other emergencies are present.
FIRE HYDRANT
The Fire hydrant systems are used to control the flow of fire. It is a upright
water pipe. It open in street ,with a Nozzle, where a fire hose can be attached
When Large quantity water is required, hydrant systems is used. It take
short time to give big amount of Water.
TYPES OF FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEMS
DRY BARREL
The dry barrel hydrants get drained after
the source of water is closed.
WET BARREL
It is use only in those areas where
temperature doesn’t fall below 32 degrees,
ever. • This is because these types of fire
hydrant systems are always loaded with
water.
WORKING SYSTEM OF HYDRANT SYSTEMS
. A special well is called “Fire Well”. There water is stored throughout the 365days.
This water is connected to the pump room. The pump room is contain two to three
main pipes. These pipes form a pipe network that cover the whole area of
organization. The pump has the work that all pipes continuously filling with water.
When a fire is seen by an individual then he/she activates the hydrant system and
attack in the direction of the fire. The strong flow of water attacks the fire and the
fire is eventually extinguished. The pump continuously supply the water to
maintain the system pressure for achieve an Successful operation
LADDERS:
LADDERS used by the fire service, because of the nature of the work
they must perform and the life hazards involved, should measure up to the most
exacting standards of quality and material used, and workmanship.
Ladders that may conform to the best commercial standards will not necessarily
serve for the exacting fire department needs and operations. For this reason, only
ladders of approved types, built by recognized and responsible fire apparatus and
equipment manufacturers, should be specified for the fire service.
Classification and Description of Ladders
(1) Straight wall ladder
(2) (2) Extension ladder, known as Bangor ladder when equipped with poles)
(3) Roof ladder
(4) Pompier (scaling) ladder
(5) Folding (collapsible or attic) ladder
(6) Aerial ladder.
1 2 3
4 5 6
Fire extinguisher
A fire extinguisher is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control
small fires, often in emergency situations. It is not intended for use on an
out-of-control fire, such as one which has reached the ceiling, endangers the user
(i.e., no escape route, smoke, explosion hazard, etc.), or otherwise requires the
expertise of a fire brigade.
Types of fire extinguisher
Water and Foam
Water and Foam fire extinguishers extinguish the fire
by taking away the heat element of the fire triangle. Foam agents also
separate the oxygen element from theother elements.
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide fire extinguishers extinguish fire by taking
away the oxygen element of the fire triangle and also be
removing the heat with a very cold discharge.
Dry Powder
Dry Powder extinguishers are similar to dry
chemical except that they extinguish the fire by separating the fuel from the oxygen
element or by removing the heat element of the fire triangle.
Water Mist
Water Mist extinguishers are a recent
development that extinguish the fire by
taking away the heat element of the fire
triangle. They are an alternative to the
clean agent extinguishers where
contamination is a concern.
Cartridge Operated Dry Chemical
Cartridge Operated Dry Chemical fire
extinguishers extinguish the fire primarily
by interrupting the chemical reaction of
the fire triangle.
THANKYOU
