MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

o Visual Information and Media

o Audio Information and Media
 VISUAL INFORMATION AND MEDIA

• Magpile (2016) defined visual information as “the artistic and creative

representation or interpretation of an idea, concept or emotion using different
media.”
 Types of visual information
 Paintings
 Photos/Images
 Sculptures
 Cartoon/Comic Strips
 Graphs and Charts
 Billboards and Posters
 PAINTINGS

Cave Paintings
 the term painting may refer to the act of applying paint or other
medium to a surface with the use of a brush or the product of
this activity.
• Note:
 The earliest dated paintings are from the Upper Paleolithic period, or
about 40,000 to 10,000 years ago. The earliest paintings are done mostly
on cave walls where the medium used is usually colored earth materials • The Parisian Life
rubbed onto the rough surface of rocks making up the wall.
 The subjects of paintings have also expanded over the years and these
works have depicted various aspects of life through different genres.
 Nowadays, paintings are displayed in exhibits with rows of different
paintings of a single or multiple artists.

• Mona Lisa Mona Lisa

 • Huawei P30 Pro Sample Photos

PHOTOS/IMAGES

 image is defined by Merriam Webster as “a reproduction or imitation

of the form of a person or thing in solid form,” while photo is a
“picture or likeness obtained by photography.”
• Note:
 Photos and images come in various colors.
 These are easily obtained, especially nowadays, with the emerging of
smartphones with cameras, making it easier for people with
smartphones to view and take photos.
 The interpretation of images and photos depend mostly on its technical
style and the use of colors.
 • Oblation
• By: Guillermo E. Tolentino
SCULPTURES

 this term is defined by Merriam-Webster as “the action or art of

processing plastic or hard materials into works of art.”
• Note:
 These works are commonly three-dimensional.
 Some of the most famous sculptures in the Philippines is the Oblation in
University of the Philippines, made by the Filipino artist, Guillermo E.
Tolentino.
 The Oblation Statue on the University of the Philippines depicts a man
facing upward with arms outstretched, symbolizing selfless offering of
oneself to his union.
 • Kikomachine Komix

C ARTOON/COMIC STRIP

 these are two-dimensional illustrations that are either animated or

printed.
• Note:
 Comic strips are illustrations that are done on paper wherein a story
develops by connecting panels of illustrations.
 Cartoons, on the other hand, are animated digitally to create a story • Filipino Cartoons
with moving characters.
 One of the most popular comic strips today is Kikomachine Komix
series by Manix Abrera, depicting relatable experiences of a Filipino:
 • Types of Graphs and Charts

GRAPHS AND CHARTS

 these are visual representations of statistics and other

information.
• Note:
 These are mostly used for quantitative researches as they contain large
amount of information in an understandable format.
 The most important points are highlighted in graphs and charts as visual
representation of data. (The highs and lows of the given data)
 Types of Graphs and Charts
 Bar Graph
 Line Graph
 Pie Chart
 Histogram
 BILLBOARDS AND POSTERS

 these are illustrations or images, or text on images printed in large sizes

that aim to promote, announce, inform, or persuade the public. These are
mostly used for advertisements and announcements targeting a
huge amount of audience.
• Note:
 Aims of Billboards and Posters
 To promote
 To announce
 To inform
 To Persuade
 VISUAL INFORMATION PROCESSING

 If we remember 80% of what we see and do, it is only natural that we learn
more through visual information than any other type of information.
 Evaluation of the variety of visual information is needed to gauge its credibility
and reliability as a source of information.
 Evaluation of visual information
• Magpile (2016)
 Use of Color
 Use of Medium
 Level of Creativity
 Choice of Subject
 Choice of theme or message
 E VAL UATION OF V I SUAL
I NFOR MATI ON

1. Use of Color- visual information come in different colors and the kind
used to create a visual representation must be analyzed to know
what the theme and subject is and what it is trying to convey.
2. Use of Medium- aside from colors, the medium used in creating the
visual information is vital in analyzing its message. The kind of
medium adds value to the message of the media and creates more
impact to the public.
3. Level of Creativity- visual information, as it relies on the sense of
sight, is gauged by its level of creativity and artistic sense and how it
can capture the audience’s attention. Creativity in presenting
visual information is important in getting people to view it.
4. Choice of Subject- the choice of subject in the visual information
presented determines how the audience interprets or reacts to
the work as they are at the receiving end of the visual information.
5. Choice of theme or message- behind each element in a visual
information is a message that the creator is letting the people
indirectly receive. it can influence people to act and move towards
something that will prove to be beneficial to the society.
 AUDIO INFORMATION AND MEDIA

 Audio information, as defined by Magpile (2016) is “any sound or auditory

impression perceived by the ears and processed by the brain.”
• Note:
 Advantages of Audio Information
 Easily obtained through the sense of hearing.
 Enables people to multitask
 Limitations of audio information and media
 Susceptible to noise or distraction
 Different Kinds of Audio Information
 Dialogue, Lecture, News and Podcast, Audio Books, Music
 D I F F E R ENT K I ND S OF AU D I O
I NFOR MATI ON

1. Dialog or conversation – the most common way of obtaining

auditory information is through dialogues and conversations. As this
is practiced in everyday life, it is hard to go through a day without verbal
exchanges.
2. Lecture or talk – Lectures or talks, while similar to dialogues and
conversations in the way of transmission of information through a
verbal exchange, is mostly done in a formal setting. This is usually
done by a speaker facing an audience. d
3. News – news come in many forms, especially with the constantly
evolving [Link] can come in text, visual, motion and in audio.
4. Podcast – a relatively new form of audio information that is
described as a series of audio digital files downloaded to a
device. Podcasts usually have a theme or a focus that the episodes
would follow. (e.g News,Trends, Controversies, etc.)
5. Audio book – Audiobooks, as defined by Cambridge dictionary, is a
“recording, on a CD or made available on the internet, of a
book being read aloud.” This is a new way for readers to enjoy their
favorite books without the aid of text.
6. Music – Music is one of the earliest and the most widely
distributed audio information. It is hard to picture the world today
without the influence of music.
 PEOPLE WHO MAKE AUDIO
INFORMATION

• Obtaining audio information would not be possible without the aid of the
people who make them.
 Commentator
 Emcee
 Disk Jockey
 Narrator
 Voice Over
 Music Artist
 Musician
 PEOPLE WHO MAKE AUDIO
INFORMATION

1. Commentator – a commentator is in charge of providing live

comments on events and performances. (mostly sports)
2. Emcee – the emcees host events, facilitating the program to flow
without any problems. The emcees are often tasked to lead the
event and may even instruct or encourage the audience to
participate.
3. Disc jockey (DJ) or radio announcer – the DJ or the radio announcer
may either deliver the news via a radio or it may be their
responsibility to play music and create segments for the
listeners to enjoy.
4. Narrator – the narrator reads a text aloud, along with the correct
emotions to accompany the text’s contents.
5. Voice-over – Unlike narrators who are known to appear on screen,
voice-over provides the narration for a movie or any
broadcasted material without his/her face on screen.
6. Music artist – these are personalities who perform music through
singing. They release their music in CDs or digital releases in music
stores.
7. Musician – this is a term that refers to a person who plays any
musical instrument, as a profession or a hobby.
 AUDIO MEDIA

Different media used in transmitting auditory information

1. Radio – like television, radio is omnipresent since its establishment
in the 1800s. The signals used by radio are carried on the
electromagnetic spectrum to almost anywhere in the world.
• Note: (According to the National Telecommunication Commission
(NTC) cited by Tuazon in his article, there are 629 radio stations in the
Philippines)
2. Walkman – Walkman is the brand name for a portable cassette player
from Sony in Japan. The name of the device was assumed to have let
people know its use: which is to listen to sounds while walking.
3. Discman – Almost similar in purpose with the Walkman, the Discman is
made for the purpose of playing CDs. This was released by Sony to
the market in 1984.
4. MP3 player – a portable music player that plays digital music
files. Originating from its predecessors such as the Discman and
Walkman, this is comparably lighter in weight and smaller in size, making
it easier to carry around.
• Note: (MP3 stands for Moving Pictures Experts Group, Standard One,
Audio Layer 3)
 AUDIO MEDIA

1. iPod – a portable music player wherein users of iTunes can transfer

songs they purchased or downloaded through the use of
computer and the iPod software.
2. iTunes – a software under Apple that is designed to let people
play, download and store music. This application can serve as a
media player, media library, online radio broadcaster, and mobile device
management.
 EVALUATING AUDIO INFORMATION

• Like any form of information, audio information is open for evaluation. The
following criteria to consider in evaluation audio information is identified by
Magpile (2016)
 Identification on the Evaluation of Audio Information
 Sound quality – one factor to consider in evaluating audio information is the
quality of the sound produced by the device.
 Voice quality – the quality of recorded voices of people is also important in
evaluating audio information.
 Type of content – Aside from the quality of the audio, it is also important to
take a keen look at the type of content the audio contains.
BY: TERESITA S. OGANIA

Sources via OED