STID1103 Computer Applications in Management

Topic 2
The Internet and World Wide Web
Ref:
Discovering Computers 2016: Tools, Apps, Devices and Impact of Technology
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World

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Objectives Overview

Identify and briefly Describe the types of

Discuss the evolution of
describe various Internet access
the Internet
Internet connections providers

Describe the purpose of Explain the purpose of

an IP address and its a Web browser and
identify the
Explain Various
relationship to a Internet Services
domain name components of a Web
address

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The Internet

• The Internet is a
worldwide collection of
networks that connects
millions of businesses,
government agencies,
educational institutions,
and individuals

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Evolution of the Internet

• The Internet originated as ARPANET in September

1969 and had two main goals:
Allow scientists at
Function even if part of
different physical
the network were
locations to share
disabled or destroyed
information and work
by a disaster
together

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History of Internet

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Evolution of the Internet
1986 NSF
connects
NSFnet to
1969 ARPANET and
ARPANET becomes 1996
becomes known as the Internet2 is
functional Internet founded

1984 1995 NSFNet Today More

ARPANET has terminates than 550
more than its network million hosts
1,000 on the connect to
individual Internet and the Internet
computers resumes
linked as status as
hosts research
network

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Evolution of the Internet

• Each organization is responsible only for maintaining its

own network
– The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) oversees
research and sets guidelines and standards
• Internet2 connects more than 200 universities and 115
companies via a high-speed private network

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Connecting to the Internet

• Many home and small business users connect to the

Internet via high-speed broadband Internet service

Fiber to
Cable Cellular Satellite
the Fixed
Internet DSL Radio Wi-Fi Internet
Premises wireless
service Network Service
(FTTP)

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Connecting to the Internet

• With wired connections, a computer or device

physically attaches via a cable or wire to a
communications device
• Computers without a communications device can
use a wireless modem or other communications
device that enables wireless connectivity

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Connecting to the Internet

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Connecting to the Internet

Wired Wireless

• Cable Internet • Wi-Fi (wireless

service fidelity)
• DSL (digital • Mobile broadband
subscriber line) • Fixed wireless
• Fiber to the • Satellite Internet
Premises (FTTP) Service
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Connecting to the Internet

• A hot spot is a wireless network that provides Internet

connections to mobile computers and devices

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Connecting to the Internet

• An Internet service provider (ISP) is a business

that provides individuals and organizations access
to the Internet free or for a fee
• Bandwidth represents the amount of data that
travels over a network
– Megabyte (MB)
– Gigabyte (GB)

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Connecting to the Internet

Wireless Internet
ISP (Internet service Online service
service provider
provider) provider (OSP)
(WISP)
Regional ISPs provide Provides wireless
Internet access to a Has many members- Internet access to
specific geographical only features computers and
area mobile devices

National ISPs provide Popular OSPs include

Internet access in AOL (America Online) May require a
cities and towns and MSN (Microsoft wireless modem
nationwide Network)

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Connecting to the Internet

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Connecting to the Internet

• An IP address is a sequence of numbers that uniquely

identifies each computer or device connected to the
Internet
• A domain name is a text-based name that corresponds to
the IP address
• A DNS server translates the domain name into its
associated IP address

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Connecting to the Internet

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Connecting to the Internet

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Who manage the internet?

• Generally nobody own internet.

• Because the individual networks that participate in the
Internet are owned by different entities, the Internet
would cease to function without some sort of
organization.
• Several non-profits organizations and user groups, each
with a specialize purpose, are responsible for its
management.

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Who manage the internet?
• Major organizations in Internet governance and
development.

Today: >130 organizations,

> 55,000 members
- Promotes Internet use and access.
- Provides direction In Internet standards, education & policy.

Develops and promotes Internet standards.

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) ~ a department operated by ICANN.

Today: >381 members

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Internet Cabling System

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Evolution of the Internet

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The World Wide Web

• The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a worldwide

collection of electronic documents (Web pages)
• A Web site is a collection of related Web pages and
associated items
• A Web server is a computer that delivers requested Web
pages to your computer
• Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means for
users to interact

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Differences between Web 1.0,2.0 & 3.0

• Web 1.0 – That Geocities & Hotmail era was all about read-only
content and static HTML websites.

• Web 2.0 – This is about user-generated content and the read-write

web. People are consuming as well as contributing information
through blogs or sites like Flicker, YouTube, Digg, etc.

• Web 3.0 – This will be about semantic web (or the meaning of
data), personalization (e.g. iGoogle), intelligent search and
behavioral advertising among other things.

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Differences between Web 1.0,2.0 & 3.0

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Semantic Web Sites

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Terms used on the Web
• WWW (World Wide Web)
– The Web is the part of the Internet that includes all files and
documents that are available through servers. The two main
parts of the Web are Web clients and servers.
• Browser
– Browser is Internet computer programs that allow you to navigate
through the Internet. The most common Web browsers are
Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Browser (Navigator).
• URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
– A URL is a Web site’s network address. If you enter a URL in a
browser, you will be taken directly to the Web site.
– E.g: [Link]
Terms used on the Web

• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

– HTTP is a protocol that is used to transfer and receive files on the
internet.
• Hyperlinks
– A link to another Web page on your site or another Web site on
World Wide Web.
• HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
– HTML is a markup language or a collection of markup tags that
define the various components of a WWW document.
• Web Server
– a computer on the World Wide Web (connected to the Internet
Backbone) that stores HTML documents that can be retrieved via
a Web browser.
The World Wide Web

• A Web browser, or browser, allows users to

access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs

Internet
Firefox Opera
Explorer

Google
Safari
Chrome

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History of Web Browser

• The first web browser was invented in 1990 by Tim

Berners-Lee. It was called WorldWideWeb and was later
renamed Nexus.
• In 1993, Marc Andreesen innovated Mosaic (later
Netscape), "the world's first popular browser“.
• Microsoft responded with its Internet Explorer in 1995.
• Opera was released in 1996.
• Apple's Safari released in 2003.
• 2004, Mozilla Firefox 1.0 (free and open source).
• Google's Chrome, first released in September 2008.

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The World Wide Web

The Top Ten Web Browser

The World Wide Web

Web Browser Usage

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The World Wide Web

• A home page is the first • Some Web pages are

page that a Web site designed specifically for
displays microbrowsers
• Web pages provide links to
other related Web pages
– Surfing the Web
• Downloading is the
process of receiving
information

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The World Wide Web
• A Web page has a unique address called a URL or
Web address

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The World Wide Web
• Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple
Web pages in a single Web browser window

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The World Wide Web

• Two types of search tools are search engines and

subject directories

Search Subject
engine directory
Classifies Web
Finds information
pages in an
related to a
organized set of
specific topic
categories
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The World Wide Web

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 Major Web Search Engines

Google is the most popular search engine on

the Web, handling 56 percent of all Web
searches.
Dangers on the Web

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The World Wide Web

• Information presented
on the Web must be
evaluated for accuracy
• No one oversees the
content of Web pages

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Internet Services

• Email is the
transmission of
messages and files via a
computer network
• An email program
allows you to create,
send, receive, forward,
store, print, and delete
email messages

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Internet Services

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Internet Services

• An email list is a group of email addresses used for mass

distribution of a message

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Internet Services
• Instant messaging services notify you when one
or more of your established contacts are online
and then allows you to exchange messages or files
or join a private chat room with them

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Internet Services

• A chat is a real-time
typed conversation that
takes place on a
computer or mobile
device with many other
online users
• A chat room is a website
or application that
permits users to chat with
others who are online at
the same time

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Internet Services
• An online discussion is an online area in which
users have written discussions about a particular
subject

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Other Internet Services

• A newsgroup is an
online area in which
users have written
discussions about a
particular subject
– Typically requires a
newsreader
• A message board is a
Web-based type of
discussion group

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Other Internet Services

• VoIP (Voice over IP) enables users to speak to other

users via their Internet connection

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Other Internet Services

• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard

that permits file uploading and downloading to
and from other computers on the Internet
• Many operating systems include FTP capabilities
• An FTP server is a computer that allows users to
upload and/or download files using FTP

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Netiquette
• Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet
behavior

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Summary

History and structure of

Connecting to Internet World Wide Web
the Internet

Internet services: e-mail,

instant messaging, chat
Browsing and navigating rooms, VoIP, newsgroups Rules of netiquette
and message boards,
and FTP

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