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Overview of Pressure Sensors Types

This document discusses different types of pressure measurement techniques. It describes that pressure expresses the magnitude of force applied over an area. Common units of pressure include pascals, bars, and millibars. There are different types of pressure sensors that can measure absolute, gauge, and differential pressure in various ranges. Common pressure sensors include diaphragms, bellows, Bourdon tubes, and manometers. Each sensor type uses elastic elements and displacement detection to convert pressure into electrical signals.

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Tayyab Kalam Alrai
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133 views16 pages

Overview of Pressure Sensors Types

This document discusses different types of pressure measurement techniques. It describes that pressure expresses the magnitude of force applied over an area. Common units of pressure include pascals, bars, and millibars. There are different types of pressure sensors that can measure absolute, gauge, and differential pressure in various ranges. Common pressure sensors include diaphragms, bellows, Bourdon tubes, and manometers. Each sensor type uses elastic elements and displacement detection to convert pressure into electrical signals.

Uploaded by

Tayyab Kalam Alrai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter-15

Alan S. Morris

School of Electrical Engineering and


1
Computer Science, NUST
Pressure Measurements

School of Electrical Engineering and


2
Computer Science, NUST
1-Pressure
• Pressure (P ) expresses the magnitude of normal
force (F-N) per unit area (A-m^2) applied on a
surface
F F
P  or P 
A A

• Units:
– Pa= N/m2
– bar =105 Pa=100 kPa
– mbar =100 Pa
2-Pressure Measurement
Pressure measurement is a very common requirement for most
industrial process control systems.
•Absolute Pressure
– The difference between pressure of the fluid and absolute zero of the
pressure
•Gauge Pressure
– The difference between pressure of the fluid and atmospheric
pressure
Absolute Pressure= Gauge Pressure + Atmospheric Pressure
•Differential Pressure
– The difference between absolute pressure values at two different
points in the same fluid
3-Pressure Sensors
• Normal Range (1.073 bar ~ 7000 bar)
– Diaphragms
– Bellows
– Bourdon Tube
– Manometers
– Deadweight Gauge
• Low Pressure (< 1.073 bar) (Very Expensive)
– Thermocouple Gauge
– Pirani Gauge
– McLeod Gauge
• High Pressure (> 7000 bar)
– Fluid filled flexible bellow
3.1.1-Diaphragms (elastic element
type)
• Applied pressure causes displacement of
diaphragms and this displacement is
measured by displacement sensors
Diaphragms
• Materials used
– Plastic (Cheapest)
– Metal Alloy (Accurate)
– Stainless steel (Suitable for high temperature/
corrosive application)
– Ceramic (Resistant towards strong acids & alkali)
• Displacement
– 0.1 mm can be measured with strain gage placed
in a Wheatstone bridge
3.1.2-Bellows (elastic element
type)
• Applied pressure causes displacement of
bellow and this displacement is measured by
displacement sensors (potentiometric,
capacitive or inductive)
Bellows
• Materials used
– Metal or Metal alloy
• High cost
• Prone to failure
• More sensitive than diaphragms
• Measurement uncertainty of +-0.5%
3.1.3-Bourdon tube (elastic
element type)
• Used for measurement of liquid and gaseous
fluids
• Relatively Cheap
C- type Tube
• Arc subtended is less than 360 deg.
• Can measure pressure up to 6000 bar.
• A C-type tube of 25 mm radius has a
maximum displacement travel of 4 mm.
• Measurement accuracy of +-1%
• Measurement resolution is moderate
• Displacement sensor has to be employed
Helical & Spiral Tube
• Rotating pointer moves against the scale to
give the visual indication of measurement
• Measurement accuracy of +-1% of full scale
deflection
• Measurement resolution is relatively higher
than C-type tube
• Maximum measurable pressure is 700 bar.
Disadvantages of Bourdon tube
• If the measured fluid is not same as the fluid
used for calibration an error may occur
• Hence their uncertainty limits are hard to
define
3.1.4- Manometers
• Passive instrument that give visual indication
of pressure values
• Types
– U-tube
– Well type
U-tube Manometer
• Applied pressure creates the difference in level of
fluid in the tubes
• Can measure atmospheric, gauge
and applied pressure
• Human involvement in measurem-
ent of liquid levels in both tubes
can cause error
Well-type or Cistern manometer
• The change in level of well due to change in
pressure changes very negligibly
• The level of liquid in tube has to be measured
only

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