CULTURE

PREPARED BY:
BERLYN CIPRIANO
LERRA CUASITO
 DEFINITION OF CULTURE
• Taylor
“Culture is the complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art,
morals, law, customs and habits and any capabilities acquired by man
as a member of society”.
• Linton
“Culture is social heredity, which is transmitted from one generation to
another with the accumulation of individual experiences”.
• John Beattee
Culture is the way of life which is transmitted from generation to
generation”.
 TYPES OF CULTURE
Culture is learned
Culture is not inherited biologically but it is leant socially by man in a society. It is not an inborn tendency
but acquired by man from the association of others, e.g. drinking, eating, dressing, walking, behaving,
reading are all learnt by man.
Culture is social
It is not an individual phenomena but it is the product of society. It develops in the society through social
interaction. It is shared by the man of society No man can acquire it without the association of others. Man
is man only among men. It helps to develop qualities of human beings in a social environment. Deprivation
of a man from his company is the deprivation of human qualities.
Culture is shared
Culture is something shared. It is nothing that an individual can passes but shared by common people of a
territory. For example, customs, traditions, values, beliefs are all shared by man in a social situation. These
beliefs and practices are adopted by all equally.
Culture is transmitted
Culture is capable of transmitted from one generation to the next. Parents papas cultural traits to their
children and in return they pass to their children and son on. It is not transmitted through genes but
through language. Language is means to communication which passes cultural traits from one generation
to another.
Culture is continuous
It is continuous process. It is like a stream which is flowing from one generation to another through centuries.
“Culture is the memory of human race.”
Culture is accumulative
Culture is not a matter of month or a year. It is the continuous process and adding new cultural traits. Many
cultural traits are borrowed from out side and these absorbed in that culture which adopt it, as culture is
accumulative and combines the suitable cultural traits.
Culture is integrated
All the cultural aspects are inter-connected with each other. The development of culture is the integration of its
various parts. For example, values system is interlinked with morality, customs, beliefs and religion.
Culture is changing
It remains changing but not static. Cultural process undergoes changes. But with different speeds from society to
society and generation to generation.
Culture varies from society to society
Every society has its own culture and ways of behaving. It is not uniform every where but occurs differently
in various societies. Every culture is unique in itself is a specific society. For example, values, customs,
traditions, ideologies, religion, belief, practices are not similar but different in every society. However the
ways of eating, drinking, speaking, greeting, dressing etc are differs from one social situation to another in
the same time.
Culture is responsive
Culture is responsive to the changing conditions of a physical world. It intervenes in the natural
environment and helps man from all dangers and natural calamities e.g. our houses are responsible to
give us shelter and safety from storm and heavy rains.
Culture is gratifying
It is gratifying and provide all the opportunities for needs and desires satisfaction. These needs may be
biological or social but It is responsible to satisfy it. Our needs are food, shelter, clothing and desires are
status, fame, money, sex etc are all the examples which are fulfilled according to the cultural ways. In fact
it is defined as the process through which human beings satisfy their need.
Linked with society
Last but not the least one of the characteristics of culture that culture and society are one and the same.
But if we say that these turn two are twin sister, it would not be wrong. Society is a composite of people
and they interact each other through it. It is to bind the people within the society.
 VITAL ASPECTS OF CULTURE
• Language
A group of words or ideas having common meaning and is shared to a social situation is called language.
Language is the entrance to a culture. Language is a set of socially sound pattern, words, and sentences
having specific meaning and terminology common to the same culture. you can learn effects of
ethnocentrism.

• Symbols
Culture is a system of symbols. Symbols are anything used to represent express and stand for an event
situation. Symbols direct to guide our behavior. It is used to show an event of past, present or future. For
example the heap of ash show that the something has been burnt or the wet street shows that it has
rained.
 Norms
Folkways. Folkways are the simple customary ways of the people. It is the normal and habitual action of people
within a culture. Folkways are the recognized or accepted ways of behavior. These are the behavior pattern
which a person use generally in his daily life.

Mores. Mores is a Latin word and the plural of mos which means customs or beliefs accordance with a group
customary expectation. It is the “must” behavior of a person. Mores refers to “what ought to be and what ought
not to be.” Mores are serious norms but are informed like folkways. They have a serious binding on a group the
violation of mores threats to social order. Punishment may be both formal and informal for the violation of mores.

Values
Anything getting importance in our daily life becomes our values. The origin of values is not biological
but it is social production while living in society the values develop. Values depend upon the culture.
Culture varies from society to society and thus values are different in every social situation. Values
are what we like and what we say will in our society values are the good idea and thinking of a
person.
• Beliefs
Every sect within a culture having some beliefs for cultural refuge. These beliefs are responsible fro the
spiritual fulfillment of needs and wants. Muslims believe in God, Holly Prophet, The Day of Judgment,
recitation of Holly Quran, Hajj etc.

• Cognitive Elements
Cognitive elements of culture are those though which an individual know how to cope with an existing
social situation. How to survive, how make shelter from storms and other natural calamities, how to travel
and transport etc. are the practical knowledge which make a culture. Such knowledge is carefully thought
to every generation.
 ADAPTION OF CULTURE

 Parallelism – refers to the independent development of a culture characteristics in two widely

separated cultures. There is no historical evidence that the use of the wheel, or the arch of
buildings, or of domesticated dogs, pigs, and other animals was originated by one people in
only one place. Even in the modern world, the same mechanical invention or scientific
discovery occurs in places that are very far apart.

 Diffusion – is the much more common process of patterns and traits passing back and forth
from one culture to another. Examples of these are behavior patterns, food, customs,
religious practices, rituals, festivities. Four Principal Ways in which culture adaptation occurs
 Fission – is a process that can be traced historically when a long established society breaks
up into two or more independent units. For instance, the various tribes of North American
Indians, the Eskimos, and the Appalachian hill folks, the Aetas of Zambalez, the Manobos,
the Igorots of Bontoc province, the Dumagats of Palanan, Isabela, and the Baluga of
Bulacan are examples of people who have broken away from their cultures origins and have
developed different internal culture traits. Four Principal Ways in which culture adaptation
occurs

 Convergence – is the fusion of two or more cultures into a new one which is somewhat
different from its predecessors. Examples of this process may include the Norman invasion
of England, the fusion of the Moorish and Spanish cultures, and the convergence of Roman
and Cermantic traits
 CHARACTERISTICS OF FILIPINO
CULTURE

• Filipino has one of of the best values in they world. though

they are colonized by many countries, the traits and
characteristic remained intact and applied until this time.
 RESPECTFUL
 HARDWORKING
 LOVING AND CARING
 ABILITY TO SURVIVE
 HOSPITABLE
 POSITIVE TRAITS
 STRONG FAMILY TIES AND RELIGIOUS
 GENEROSITY AND HELPFUL
 FAMILY ORIENTATION
 DEBT OF GRATITUDE (UTANG NA LOOB)