OOPs Concept
SB Nayak
INTRODUCTION TO OOP
Objective:
•Know the difference between functional programming
and OOP
• Know basic terminology in OOP
• Know the importance of OOP
• Know four design principles of OOP
• Know OOP programming languages
STRUCTURED vs. OO PROGRAMMING
STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING:
MAIN PROGRAM GLOBAL DATA
FUNCTION FUNCTION 2 FUNCTION 3
1
FUNCTION 4 FUNCTION 5
Structured Programming
Using function
Function & program is divided into modules
Everymodule has its own data and function
which can be called by other modules.
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
Object 2
Object 1
Data Data
Function Function
Object 3
Data
Function
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
OBJECTS HAVE BOTH DATA AND METHODS
OBJECTS OF THE SAME CLASS HAVE THE SAME
DATA ELEMENTS AND METHODS
OBJECTS SEND AND RECEIVE MESSAGES TO
INVOKE ACTIONS
KEY IDEA IN OBJECT-ORIENTED:
THE REAL WORLD CAN BE ACCURATELY DESCRIBED AS A
COLLECTION OF OBJECTS THAT INTERACT.
BASIC TERMINOLOGY
OBJECT
- USUALLY A PERSON, PLACE OR THING (A NOUN)
METHOD
- AN ACTION PERFORMED BY AN OBJECT (A VERB)
ATTRIBUTE
- DESCRIPTION OF OBJECTS IN A CLASS
CLASS
- A CATEGORY OF SIMILAR OBJECTS (SUCH AS
AUTOMOBILES)
- DOES NOT HOLD ANY VALUES OF THE OBJECT’S
ATTRIBUTES
Example for attributes and methods
Attributes: Methods:
manufacturer’s name Define data items (specify
model name manufacturer’s name,
model, year, etc.)
year made
Change a data item (color,
color engine, etc.)
number of doors Display data items
size of engine Calculate cost
etc. etc.
Why OOP?
SAVE DEVELOPMENT TIME (AND COST) BY
REUSING CODE
once an object class is created it can be used in other applications
EASIER DEBUGGING
classes can be tested independently
reused objects have already been tested
Design Principles of OOP
FOUR MAIN DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF OBJECT-
ORIENTED PROGRAMMING(OOP):
ENCAPSULATION
ABSTRACTION
POLYMORPHISM
INHERITANCE
Encapsulation
ALSO KNOWN AS DATA HIDING
ONLY OBJECT’S METHODS CAN MODIFY
INFORMATION IN THE OBJECT.
ANALOGY:
ATM MACHINE CAN ONLY UPDATE
ACCOUNTS OF ONE PERSON OR OBJECT
ONLY.
Abstraction
Focus only on the important facts about the
problem at hand
to design, produce, and describe so that it can be
easily used without knowing the details of how it
works.
Analogy:
When you drive a car, you don’t have to know
how the gasoline and air are mixed and ignited.
Instead you only have to know how to use the
controls.
Draw map
Polymorphism
THE SAME WORD OR PHRASE CAN MEAN DIFFERENT
THINGS IN DIFFERENT CONTEXTS
ANALOGY:
IN ENGLISH, BANK CAN MEAN SIDE OF A RIVER OR A
PLACE TO PUT MONEY
MOVE -
Function Overloading
The operation of one function depends on the argument
passed to it.
Example: Fly(), Fly(low), Fly(150)
Inheritance
INHERITANCE—A WAY OF ORGANIZING CLASSES
TERM COMES FROM INHERITANCE OF TRAITS LIKE EYE
COLOR, HAIR COLOR, AND SO ON.
CLASSES WITH PROPERTIES IN COMMON CAN BE
GROUPED SO THAT THEIR COMMON PROPERTIES ARE
ONLY DEFINED ONCE.
SUPERCLASS – INHERIT ITS ATTRIBUTES & METHODS
TO THE SUBCLASS(ES).
SUBCLASS – CAN INHERIT ALL ITS SUPERCLASS
ATTRIBUTES & METHODS BESIDES HAVING ITS OWN
UNIQUE ATTRIBUTES & METHODS.
An Inheritance Hierarchy
Superclass
Vehicle
Subclasses
Automobile Motorcycle Bus
Sedan Sports Car Luxury Bus School Bus
What properties does each vehicle inherit from the types of vehicles above it
in the diagram?
Object-Oriented Programming Languages
· PURE OO LANGUAGES
SMALLTALK, EIFFEL, ACTOR, JAVA
· HYBRID OO LANGUAGES
C++, OBJECTIVE-C, OBJECT-PASCAL, JAVA, OBJECTOVE
C, SWIFT, DOT.NET
Review: Introduction to Object
Orientation
What are the four basic principles of object
orientation? Provide a brief description of
each.
What is an Object and what is a Class? What
is the difference between them?
What is an Attribute?
What is an Operation?
What is inheritance?
What is polymorphism?
Describe the strengths of object orientation.
Review: Introduction to Object
Orientation
State 2 differences between functional
programming and OOP.
What are the four basic principles of object
orientation? Provide a brief description of
each.
What is an Object and what is a Class? What
is the difference between them?
What is an Attribute?
What is an Operation?
Describe the strengths of object orientation.
