SANITARY AND
PLUMBING
Connection of Pipes
• Pipes are connected by methods dependent upon the
material and the demands of service. Steel, brass or bronze
pipes are normally threaded and screwed into coupling and
fitting. Fittings are used to join adjacent lengths of pipes and
to provide changes of direction, and branch connections at
any angle and to effect a change in size.
Overview
One of man’s essential needs is water. He could live for days without
food but not without water. Water appears in its natural state
(liquid) or solid (ice) and gas (vapor) or steam. It is 830 times
heavier than air but is 133 times lighter in its gaseous state. This can
be sourced from: rain water, natural surface water and underground
water. Water is a necessity. It is conveyed from the source to the
household through a system of pipes. Water distribution systems for
residential and commercial buildings are
conveyed thru pipes, a PVC, Cast Iron or G.I. pipe. Hot and cold
water is supplied to the buildings by a series of pipes connected
from the source under pressure to the building fixtures thru a
waterline distribution system.
Operational Definition of Terms:
Aluminum is a lightweight but relatively strong metal often alloyed with copper
to increase hardness and strength.
Gate Valve is usually chosen for locations where it is left completely open most
of the time because it offers the least resistance to the flow of water.
Diagrammatic Layout is used for drafting layout in architectural plans.
Nipples are short pieces of pipes threaded on both ends.
Plumbing refers to the water supply and drainage of wastewater sewage.
Plumbing system refers to the supply pipes that carry fresh waste water
under pressure from a public water supply or individual wells to fixtures.
Reducer is used to connect straight section pipes of different sizes.
Scale Layout is used for drafting large pipes.
Aluminum
Plumbing
Nipples
Gate Valve For Pvc Pipes Tube Size 110mm
Pipes used for water line distribution systems
may be classified as:
1. Steel and wrought iron pipe
2. Cast iron pipe
3. Seamless brass and copper pipe
4. Copper tubing
5. Special pipes such as PVC (Polyvinyl
Chloride), Aluminum and Stainless
Steel pipes, and CPV’C (Chlorinated Polyvinyl
Chloride) pipe
Cast iron pipe Seamless brass and copper pipe
Steel and wrought iron pipe PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)
Aluminum and Stainless Steel pipes,
Copper tubing
Connection of Pipes
Connections Valves
1. Threaded connections 1. Gate valves
2. Soldered fittings 2. Globe valves
3. Connection by bolded flanges 3. Check valves
4. Solvent cement weld connections 4. Pressure reducing valves
Common types of fittings
1. Screwed fittings 5. Safety valves
2. Welded joints
3. Flanged joints
4. Solder joints
5. Slip fittings (for plastic pipes)
Connection of Pipes
Connections
1. Threaded connections
2. Soldered fittings
3. Connection by bolded flanges
4. Solvent cement weld connections
Connection of Pipes
Common types of fittings
1. Screwed fittings
2. Welded joints
3. Flanged joints
4. Solder joints
5. Slip fittings (for plastic pipes)
Gate Valve
is usually chosen for
locations where it is left
completely open most
of the time because it
offers the least resistance
to the flow of water.
Globe valves
CHECK Valve
13
Globe valves
Kinds of Fittings
1. Elbows are used to change direction of a pipeline either 90 degrees
or 45 degrees.
2. Tee connects three pipes.
3. Cross connects four pipes.
4. Couplings are used to connect straight section pipes.
5. Reducers are used to connect straight section pipes of different sizes.
6. Nipples are short pieces of pipes threaded on both ends and classified
as close nipple and short nipple.
7. Cap is used to close the end of a pipe.
8. Plug is used to close an opening in a fitting.
9. Bushing is used to reduce the size of an opening.
10. Unions are used to close systems and to connect pipes that are to be
disassembled occasionally.
