Unit 1: Fundamental
concepts of Pharmacology
A. - Drug Classification and Identification
- Drug Standards and Drug Information
B. Drug Calculations: The Basic Formula
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DRUG CLASSIFICATION, DRUG
IDENTIFICATION, DRUG
STANDARDS
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PHARMACOLOGY
• Pharmacology (Greek pharmakon, means drugs, and
logos, means science)
• Drugs (Dutch droog, meaning dry) are chemical
substances that have an effect on living organisms.
• Therapeutic drugs are often called medicine, are
those drugs used in the prevention or treatment of
diseases.
• Therapeutic Methods:
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Therapeutic Methods
• Drug therapy: treatment with drugs
• Diet therapy: treatment by diet, such as a low-salt
diet for patients with cardiovascular disease
• Physiotherapy: treatment with natural physical
forces such as water, light and heat
• Psychological therapy: identification of stressors and
methods to reduce or eliminate stress and/or the
use of drugs
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Classification
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Classification Therapeutic Use Drug Example (s)
Lipid-lowering Agents Lowers low-density lipoprotein Simvastatin, atorvastatin,
(LDL) cholesterol rosuvastatin
Antidepressants Improves symptoms of Escitalopram, sertraline,
depression. Also used for paroxetine, venlafaxine
anxiety and other neurological
disorders
Narcotic analgesics Relieve severe pain Hydrocodone with
acetaminophen, oxycodone,
fentanyl
Beta blockers Lowers heart rate and blood Metoprolol, atenolol,
pressure propranolol
Antihypertensive Lowers blood pressure Lisinopril, enalapril, valsartan
Diuretics Increases urinary output Furosemide
Antidiabetics Reduces blood glucose Insulin, metformin, glipizide
(sugar) levels
Antibiotics Eliminates infection Amoxicillin, cephalexin
Proton pump inhibitors Decreases acidity of stomach Omeprazole, pantoprazole,
esomeprazole
Anticoagulants Decreases clotting in the blood Warfarin, Xarelto
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Identifying Names
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Generic Name
• Common or general name assigned to the drug
by the United States Adopted Name (USAN)
council
• Differentiated from the trade name by initial
lowercase letter
• Never capitalized
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Trade Name
• The name by which a pharmaceutical company
identifies its product
• Copyrighted and used exclusively by that company
• Distinguished from generic name by capitalized first
letter
• Often shown on labels and references with the
symbol ® after the name (for “registered” trademark)
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Chemical Name
• The exact molecular formula of the drug
• Usually a long, very difficult name to pronounce
• Of little concern to the healthcare professional
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Official Name
• Name of the drug as it appears in the official
reference, the United States Pharmacopeia /
National Formulary (USP/NF)
• Generally, the same as the generic name
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EXERCISES:
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Always keep a drug reference handy, and use it
when you are unfamiliar with the generic
components of the drug ordered for a patient
with known drug allergies. With experience, you
will learn and remember the names of products
most commonly used.
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Drug Standards
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Drug Standards
• Rules to assure consumers that they get what
they pay for.
• All preparations called by the same drug name
must be of uniform, strength, quality, and purity.
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1983 Orphan Drug Act
• Gives pharmaceutical companies financial
incentives to develop medications for diseases
that affect only a small number of people.
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Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
(OBRA) of 1990
• Mandates that all OTC drugs a patient is taking
must be documented as part of the medical
record.
• Mandates that pharmacists provide drug use
review and patient counseling before dispensing
prescriptions to a patient.
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Assessment Quiz 1
Answer the Assessment Quiz 1 uploaded on
Google Classroom. Quiz must be completed
before 11:00AM Today.
Thank You.
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Next Meeting: September 11, 2020
at 8:00am
❑Prepare your calculator
❑Clean sheet of paper
❑Pens
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