CHAPTER 5
HALOGEN GROUPS AND NOBLE GAS GROUPS
HALOGEN GROUPS
Halogen group is a group of chemical elements that ar
e in the VII A group in periodic table.
This group consists : Fluorine(F), Chlorine(Cl), Bromi
ne(Br), Iodine(I) and Astatin(At).
In nature, these elements are found in diatomic molec
ules(having two atoms), for example: F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, At
2.
1. Fluorine
Fluorine is a chemical element in the periodic tabl
e that has the symbol F and atomic number 9.
It is the most chemically reactive yellow-green uni
valent halogen gas and the most electronegative of
all elements.
In its pure form, it is very dangerous, can cause se
vere chemical combustion as it comes in contact w
ith the skin.
Some examples of fluorine compounds are ; fluors
pars, cryolite, fluoroapatite, topaz, and fluoride.
2. Chlorine
Chlorine is taken from Greek, Chloros, which means yello
w-green.
Chlorine gas weight 2.5 times the air, has a stifling smell,
and is very toxic. In liquid and solid form, chlorine is a str
ong oxidizer, bleach and strong disinfectant agent.
In nature, chlorine is found in many compounds with the
sodium element to form salt table (NaCl), and is found in
kamalite and silvit.
The uses of chlorine are: in water purification, in disinfect
ants, in bleach, mustard gas, in the production of paper, a
ntiseptics, dyes, food, insecticed, paints, petroleum produ
cts, plastics, medicine,textiles, solvents and many other.
3. Bromine
Bromine is a chemical element in the periodic table that h
as the symbol Br and atomic number 35.
This element is red liquid at room temperature and has rea
ctivity between Chlorine and Iodine.
Bromine water is a strongly oxidized yellow to red mixtur
e, it is often used as a reagent in chemical test and to test t
he presence of alkenes containing double covalent bonds.
Some uses of Bromine: Fire retardant, disinfectant, water
purification, pesticides, photography, medicines, and dyes.
4. Iodine
Iodine is a chemical element in the periodic table that ha
s the symbol I and atomic number 53.
Iodine is nonmetal elements. Bluish black glossy solids.
Can evaporate at ordinary temperatures to form a purple-
blue gas that smells bad (sore).
Some of the benefits and uses of Iodine: as antiseptic in r
ed medicine, to tese and identify starch, in the form of p
otassium iodate is added to table salt to prevent mumps,
Iodoform is an organic substance used as an antiseptic, a
nd in the form of silver iodate can be used in making pho
tographic films.
Noble Gas Groups
Consists of : Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypt
on (Kr), Xenon (Xe) and Radon (Rn).
Noble gas elements have full electron valence, that mean
s these elements are stable, and it is difficult to react wit
h other elements and difficult to accept or release electro
ns.
The boiling point and melting point of the noble gas ele
ments are smaller than room temperature so that all the
noble gas elements are in the form of gas.
Noble gas elements in nature is found in a monatomic fo
rm because it is stable.
The Properties of Noble Gases
Have a more stable electron configuration
Difficult to react
Has 8 valence electrons, except He
Obtained in a free state in a monatomic form
Radon is radioactive
Elements of He, Ne and Ar which do not have electronega
tivity are increasing
Ionization energy gets smaller
Some Uses of Noble Gas
Helium is used as a filler for gas baloons because of its
low density and stability
Neon is used for gas fillers and bright red givers
Argon is the most widely used noble gas, especially in t
he atmosphere of metal rulers
Krypton and Xenon are used to fill colorfull advertisin
g lights
A mixture of 10% Xe, 89% ar, and 1% F2 is used for emi
ssion lights to produce laser light
