Artificial Intelligence
Ahmed Raza
Lecture # 1
Department of Computer Science
Intelligence : “The capacity to learn and solve problems.”
Artificial Intelligence : Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the simulation of
human intelligence by machines.
1) The ability to solve problems.
2) The ability to act rationally.
3) The ability to act like humans.
The central principles of Al include :
1) Reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning and communication.
2) Perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects.
3) It is the science and engineering of making intelligent
machines, especially intelligent computer programs
Computers with the ability to mimic or duplicate the functions of
the human brain.
Artificial Intelligence is the intelligence of machines and the
branch of computer science which aims to create it.
"The branch of computer science that is concerned with the
automation of intelligent behaviour" (Luger and Stubblefield.
1993).
A medical clinic can use AI systems
to organize bed schedules, make a
staff rotation and provide medical
information.
AI has also application in fields of cardiology
(CRG), neurology (MRI), embryology (sonography),
complex operations of internal organs, etc
It also has an application in Image guided surgery
and image analysis and enhancement.
Scientists are trying to make
the computer emulate the
activities of the skillful
musician.
Composition, performance, music
theory, sound processing are some
of the major areas on which research
in music and AI are focusing on.
Eg : chucks, smartmusic, etc.
Many telecommunications
companies make use of heuristic
search in the management of their
workforces.
For example BT Group has
deployed heuristic search in a
scheduling application that
provides the work schedules of
20000 engineers.
A ROBOT is a mechanical or virtual
artificial agent, usually an electro
mechanical machine that is guided
by a computer program or electronic
circuitry.
Robots can be autonomous or
semi-autonomous.
A robot may convey a sense of
intelligence or thoughts of its own.
In the earlier days gaming technology
was not broadened.
Physicist Willy Higinbotham created the
the first video game in 1958.
It was called “Tennis For Tow” and
was
oscilloscope.
But, now AI technology has become vast
and standard has also been increased.
For Eg : Sudoku, Fear, Fallout, etc
Organize operations, invest in stocks, and manage
properties.
In August 2001, robots beat humans in a
simulated financial trading competition.
Some other applications include loan
investigation, ATM design, safe and fast banking,
etc.
Credit granting
Information management and retrieval
AI and expert systems embedded in products
Plant layout
Help desk and assistance
Employee performance evaluation
Shipping
Marketing
Warehouse optimization
In space workstation maintainance
Satellite controls
Network developments
Nuclear management
Advantages Disadvantages :
:
More powerful and more
useful computers. Increased costs
New and improved interfaces. Difficulty with
software development
Solving new problems. - slow and expensive
Better handling of Few experienced
information.
programmers
Relieves information
overload. Few practical products
have reached the market as
Conversion of information yet.
into knowledge.
Looking at the features and its wide application we may definitely stick to
artificial intelligence. Seeing at the development of Al is it that the future
world is becoming artificial.
Biological intelligence is fixed, because it is an old, mature paradigm but
the new paradigm of non-biological computation and intelligence is
growing exponentially.
The memory capacity of the human brain is probably of the order often
thousand million binary digits. But most of this is probably used in
remembering visual impressions, and other comparatively wasteful ways.
Hence we can say that as natural intelligence is limited and volatile too
world may now depend upon computers for smooth working.
Sophia is a social humanoid robot developed by Hong Kong based
company Hanson Robotics.
Sophia was activated on April 19,2015.
She made her first public appearance at South by Southwest Festival in
mid-March 2016 in United States.
In October 2017 Sophia became a Saudi Arabian citizen, the first robot
to receive citizenship in any country.
Since Al is applicable in almost all fields, they
become the needs of our life. It is the reason
behind the explosive growth of AI.
The growth can be divided into two parts based on the
application area and what purpose they serve, they are as
follows:
Growth in positive sense (useful to society)
Growth in negative sense (harmful to society)
Till now we have discussed in brief about Artificial Intelligence.
We have discussed some of its principles, its applications,
its achievements etc.
The ultimate goal of institutions and scientists working on Al is to
solve majority of the problems or to achieve the tasks which we
humans directly can't accomplish.
It is for sure that development in this field of computer
science will change the complete scenario of the world. Now it
is the responsibility of creamy layer of engineers to develop
this field.
