COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Pradeep Kumar D
AE, 220kV Substation
Punnapra
Communication System
Transmitter Receiver
Noise
Communication channel
SPEECH TRANSMISSION
STN STN B
A
MODULATION
HF modulated signal
Modulator
HF Sine wave
[ CARRIER]
LF audio
[modulating ,base band
signal]
• Process of modifying the characteristic of a high frequency
sine wave in accordance with low frequency information
signal.
COUPLING CAPACITOR AND WAVE
TRAP
CC
LMU
Impedance Matching transformer
LA
Drainage
Coil
Earth Switch
Power Line Carrier Communication
PLCC SPEECH & DATA
STN A STN B
speech speech
180- 184 KHz
PLCC PLCC
DATA Equipment Equipment DATA
RTU FEP
184-188 KHz
Speech Data
0 2 KHZ 4KHZ
SCADA
Supervisory Control and
Data Acquisition
Instrumentation For SCADA
Transducers
RTU
Current Transformer
Capacitor Voltage Transformer
SCADA HARDWARE CONNECTIVITY WITH
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM(PLCC) AT SUB-STN/GEN ST
RS 232 CONNECTIVITY
N
S
PLCC T x / R x K
SPEECH / DATA 5 RTU
PANEL modem
PLCC
INDOOR EQUIMENT
SPEECH + DATA+PROTECTION
SIGNALLING SINGLE CHANNEL
Rx 480-484
Rx 488-492
ETL O4LC+ ETL O4LC+
O4LA+G4AA+ O4LA+G4AA
Tx 480-484
G4AC+G4AC SP1 +DT1+ PC G4AC+G4AC
Tx 488-492
• Speech channel limited to 300hz -2000hz
• 2160hz-3600hz used for Data
• During protection signaling Speech and Data & pilot transmission is
interrupted and trip signal is transmitted in the Speech band , ie no
additional band width required.
• Command A – 872 hz, B – 1090 hz
• Command C 654/1526 hz D 654/1745 hz-
DIGITAL PLCC
DIGITAL PLCC
Optical Fiber
An optical fiber is essentially a wave guide for light
It consists of a core and cladding that surrounds the core
The index of refraction of the cladding is less than that of
the core, causing rays of light leaving the core to be refracted
back into the core
Optical Fiber
Core - inner part where wave propagates
Cladding - outer part used to keep wave in core
Buffer - protective coating
Basic Fiber Optic Link
• Transmitter: Converts Electrical Signals to Light
• Medium is Optical Fiber Cable here
• Receiver convert back light signals to Electrical
HOW IT WORKS
How it works
Un-armoured Cable
Single and Multi Mode
Single mode
- only one signal can be transmitted
- use of single frequency
Multi mode
- Several signals can be transmitted
-Several frequencies used to modulate the signal
Single Mode Fiber
Multi Mode Fiber
The Core diameter varies from 50 to 200µm and the Cladding
diameter varies from 100 to 250µm.
OVERHEAD FIBRE OPTIC CABLE INSTALLATION
OPGW
WRAP AROUND
ADSS
Where it is used in KSEB
• OPGW (Optical Ground Wire): From kalamassery to
Paruthipara
• Wrapped around : Used by PGCIL from Madakkathara
to Udumal 400 KV line in ULDC Scheme. Will be
replaced with OPGW soon.
• ADSS(All Dielectric Self Supported): Used in KSEB from
Kalamassery to Kanjirode .
OUTDOOR OPTICAL FIBER CABLES
1. OPGW
2. ADSS type OF Cable
3. UNDERGROUND OF Cables
4. Submarine Cables
Optical Ground Wire(OPGW)
Optical Ground Wire (OPGW)
In OPGW,fibers are placed in buffer tubes.
The tube is inserted into a stainless steel, aluminum,
or aluminum-coated steel tube.
The buffer tubes are filled with grease to protect the
fiber unit from water and to protect the steel tube from
corrosion
The interstices of the cable are filled with grease.
The tube is stranded into the cable with aluminum,
aluminum alloy or steel strands, similar to an ACSR
cable.
The steel strands provide strength, and the aluminum
strands provide electrical conductivity
OPGW
All-Dielectric Self-Supporting Cable
ADSS
ADSS-All Dielectric Self Supported
UG-Cable Cross Section View
Submarine Cables
Submarine Cables
Optical fiber Communication System
An efficient optical fiber communication system requires
high information carrying capacity such as voice signals,
video signals over long distances with a minimum number
of repeaters. It essentially consists of following parts.
Encoder
Transmitter
Wave guide
Receiver
Decoder
Fiber Optic Cabling Infrastructure
Components:
Fiber Connectors
Fiber Pigtail
Patch Cord
LIU
Adaptor
Pigtail
It is a single, short, usually tight-buffered, optical fiber
It has an optical connector pre-installed on one end and a
length of exposed fiber at the other end.
The end of the pigtail is stripped and fusion spliced to a
single fiber of a multi-fiber trunk.
Pigtail- Single Mode PC type
LC-PC SC-PC
Pigtail- Single mode APC type
SC-APC FC-APC
Light Interface Unit(LIU)
LIUs are using for routing, terminating and managing
optical fiber terminations.
Rack Mounted
Wall Mounted
Rack Mounted Wall Mounted
FODP ,OTP, Joint Box
• Optical Termination Box, Optical Termination Panel, Patch Panel, joint
box
FODP
Optical Terminations in KSEB
Optical Patch Panels
Adaptors
Optical Fiber Cable Jointing
1.Preparing the fiber (stripping of protective coating,
removal of buffer tube,jacket,strength member etc.)
2.Cleaning the fiber
3.Cleaving the fiber (using diamond cleavers)
4.Splicing the fiber (arc fusion splicing)
5.Protect the fiber (using thermo shrink tubes)
Fiber Diamond Cleaver
A cleave in an optical fiber is a deliberate, controlled
break, intended to create a perfectly flat end face,
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the fiber
Fusion Splicing Machine
Splice Box
Splice Box Splice Box and trays
Reliable Communication Project
Reliable Communication Project
Reliable Communication Project
• Optical Ground Wire (OPGW) - 201 stations
Package B KFON project [ 2600km + OPGW ]
• 48 V Battery and Battery charger - 180 stations
• Remote Terminal Unit
with HMI (local SCADA) - 152 stations
• Optical Fiber Terminal Equipments - 201 stations
( SDH/MPLS-TP)
• Air Conditioners - 161 stations
WORKS - Communication Room
• Construction of trench in communication room
• connecting it to control room trench
• Extending Earth strip from control room to Communication room
• Repair of Door ,Window, etc if required
• Provide lighting in the communication room
• Provide one 3 Phase wall mountable ACDB and Laying cable from the LT Distribution box ,Power socket for Air
conditioner.
• Provide one wall mountable DCDB
Communication Room
Trench
Air Conditioner
Wall mountable DC DB
20 A Metal clad Socket and wiring for Air conditioner
Fabrication of Communication Room
• If separate communication room is not available
• Aluminum fabrication work in the control room at a convenient corner
Fabrication of Communication Room
• Construction of trench in communication room
• Connecting it to control room trench
• Extending Earth strip from control room to Communication room
• Repair of Door ,Window, etc if required
• Provide lighting in the communication room
• Provide one 3 Phase wall mountable ACDB and Laying cable from the LT Distribution box ,Power socket for Air conditioner.
• Provide one wall mountable DCDB
Out Door Kiosk
• Appropriate space near to control room for Kiosk
• connectivity to control room trench
• Extending Earth strip from control room to Kiosk
• Provide one 3 Phase wall mountable ACDB
• Cable laying from the station LT Distribution box
Thank You
