MODIFIED Y TYPE STRAINER

USING CFD ANALYSIS

GUIDED BY
PROF . T. P. SHINDE

SUBMITTED BY
NIKHIL RANE
RAJESH SHARMA
HARISH SAHANI
 INTRODUCTION
• Filtration is the separation of suspended impurities from liquid or gas by passing the fluid
through a porous membrane that retains the particles on its surface or in its pores.
• Types of Industrial Strainers:
Y-TYPE
STRAINER
• The most common type of strainers is y-
strainer. Its name is derived from its y-
shaped form. This type is commonly
used in pressurized lines, steam, liquid
or gas, but can also be applied in
vacuum or suction situation.
 PERFORATED SHEET

• Perforated sheet, also known as perforated metal, perforated plate, or perforated screen, is sheet
metal that has been manually or mechanically stamped or punched to create a pattern of holes,
slots, or decorative shapes. Materials used to manufacture perforated metal sheets include
stainless steel, cold rolled steel, galvanized steel, brass, aluminium, tinplate, copper, monel,
inconel, titanium, plastic, and more.
• This perforated sheet is used here to support fine wire mesh to withstand against the flow
pressure.
 WIRE MESH

• A mesh is a barrier made of connected strands of

metal, fibre, or other flexible or ductile materials. A
mesh is similar to a web or a net in that it has many
attached or woven strands. Industrial wire cloth can
be produced in many thousands of combinations of
size and shape of opening, wire diameter, type of
wave, and metal.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
• One the latest and most comprehensive pieces of research on the CFD of porous media was performed by partha
kundu, vimal kumar and indra M. Mishra in the accepted manuscript studied incompressible single-phase fluid
percolation through different types (homogeneous and mixed isotropic) of porous media is investigated
experimentally. The functional relation of pressure gradient with velocity was presented based on dimensional
analysis in terms of friction factor and reynolds number based on different characteristic length (i.E. Particle
diameter and permeability of porous media).
• Anurag gupta pushpdant jain, prabhsah jain [2] have studied deeply the inner hierarchy workings of concurrent
engineering in the new product development process. The purpose of this paper is to develop a dynamic planning
method that is innovative, efficient and flexible for new product development by using the concurrent design
concept.
• Saeed ovaysi, mohammad piri [3] have studied a dynamic particle-based model for direct pore-level modeling of
incompressible viscous fluid flow in disordered porous media. The model is capable of simulating flow directly in
three-dimensional high-resolution micro-ct images of rock samples. It is based on moving particle semi-implicit
(MPS) method. They modify this technique to improve its stability for flow in porous media problems.
Continue…………
• Alexander grahn, eckhard krepper, frank-peter weiß [4] have studied pressure drop model for the cfd simulation of clogged
containment sump strainers. The present study aims at modeling the pressure drop of flows through growing cakes of
compressible fibrous materials, which may form on the upstream side of containment sump strainers after a loss-of-coolant
accident
• A. Grahna, E. Krepper, S. Alt, W. Kastner [5] have implemented a strainer model for calculating the pressure drop across beds
of compressible, fibrous materials. The presented study aims at modelling the pressure drop of flows across growing cakes of
compressible, fibrous materials and at the implementation of the model into a general-purpose three-dimensional (3D)
computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. Computed pressure drops are compared with experimentally found values. The
ability of the CFD implementation to simulate 3D flows with a non-uniformly distributed particle phase is exemplified using a
step-like channel geometry with a horizontally embedded strainer plate
• . J. S. Andrade, jr., U. M. S. Costa, M. P. Almeida, H. A. Makse and H. E. Stanley [6] have studied inertial effects on fluid flow
through disordered porous media. They had investigated the origin of the deviations from the classical darcy law by numerical
simulation of the navier-stokes equations in two-dimensional disordered porous media. They apply the forchheimer equation
as a phenomenological model to correlate the variations of the friction factor for different porosities and flow conditions.
Continue…………

• K. Ann-sofi jonsson and bengt T. L. Jonsson [7] have studied fluid flow in compressible porous media: I: steady-state conditions. In this
article a model describing fluid flow and pressure-induced variations in porosity under stationary conditions is developed. In a
forthcoming article the dynamic behavior during filtration and wet pressing of compressible porous media are presented. Fluid flow
through rigid porous media is generally described by darcy’s law. The corresponding expression for compressible materials is derived in
this article.
• Chwan P. Kyan, darshanlal T. Wasan, and robert C. Kintner [8] have studied flow of single-phase fluids through fibrous beds. A pore
model for the flow of a single-phase fluid through a bed of random fibers is proposed. An effective pore number, ne, accounts for the
influence of dead space on flow; deflection number, N6, characterizes the effect of fiber deflection on pressure drop. Experimental data
were obtained with glass, nylon, and dacron fibers of 8- to 28-micron diameter and with fluids of viscosity ranging from 1 to 22 cp. A
generalized friction factor-reynolds number equation is presented.
• Stephen whitaker [9] have studied fluid motion in porous media. In attacking the problem of incompressible flow in porous media, one
is confronted with the fact that the result is pretty well established-i.E., Darcy’s law gives an accurate description of the flow. Because of
this, it is easy to proceed along a variety of approaches, some of which might well be erroneous or wholly intuitive, to the correct final
result. We will try to avoid this pitfall in the present study and establish as carefully as possible a logical, correct route to the final result.
Continue…………

• B. F. Ruth [10] have highlighted the nature of fluid flow through filter sept and its importance in the filtration equation.
The results of investigations upon fluid flow through a variety of septa are summarized. It is shown that poiseuille’s law
governs fluid flow through filter septa under the conditions of pressure and rate of flow ordinarily encountered during
filtrations. The proof that flow is viscous throughout the entire filtration cycle constitutes an extremely important
contribution to the theory and mathematics of filtration, and establishes a firm experimental and theoretical basis for the
equations developed in a previous paper.
• B. P. Ruth with G. H. Montillon and R. E. Montonna [11] have studied fundamental axiom of constant - pressure filtration.
Filtration data from many sources in the literature are correlated by the use of this simple equation. This leads to the
fundamental axiom of constant-pressure filtration: the time-volume curve of a properly performed constant-pressure
filtration forms a portion of a perfect parabola in which the missing portion represents the theoretical course of a similar
filtration which would generate a resistance equal to that already existing when the experimentally measured filtrate
volume is zero.
Continue…………

• While studying research literature it is found that there is very little amount of research is done on
particularly y type strainers. Anurag gupta pushpdant jain, prabhsah jain [1] explain the examination
of the common factors of new product planning, design & development i.E. Y- type strainer. It also
states about the process involved for concept selection manufacturing & establishes criteria for new
product success, the market research tools available for integrating the user/customer needs into the
innovative process. But they have not worked on the improvement of pressure drop valve of the
strainer. If we consider the overall length of process pipe which provide process fluid to number of
equipment and to protect these equipment Y strainers are installed before the same. If we consider
the overall effect of pressure drop, then this is the governing factor and we must have to keep it well
within the limit or needs to be minimised through development of strainer.
 PROBLEM DEFINATION
• Experience has proven the need for the strainers in the protection of the pumps, compressors, turbines, meters,
automatic valves, sprinkler heads, burner nozzles, steam traps and other pipeline equipment’s. Two frequently
specified strainers are the ‘Y’ strainers and basket type strainers. While there is primarily one type of “Y”
strainer, there are several variations of basket strainers.
• While studying research literature it is found that there is very little amount of research is done on particularly y
type strainers. Anurag Gupta, Pushpdant Jain, Prabhsah Jain [1] explain the examination of the common factors
of new product planning, design & development i.e. Y- type strainer. It also states about the process involved for
concept selection, manufacturing & establishes criteria for new product success, the market research tools
available for integrating the user/customer needs into the innovative process. But they have not worked on the
improvement of pressure drop value of the strainer. If we consider the overall length of process pipe which
provide process fluid to number of equipment and to protect these equipment, Y strainers are installed before the
same. If we consider the overall effect of pressure drop, then this is the governing factor and we must have to
keep it well within the limit or needs to be minimised through development of strainer.
• In large size pipelines i.e. above 300 NB pressure drop across the Y strainers is also high. Y strainers used in
such lines are mostly fabricated type. So here in this research we are optimizing the shape of the strainer as well
as shape of the filtering element to improve the pressure drop value.
 OBJECTIVE, SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY
The proposed work shall include the modeling of different types of Y Type Strainers using commercial software. The
geometrical model shall be prepared for the varied geometrical parameter like Y-angle, Element size and shape for 40mesh i.e.
for 500micron etc.
• To analyze the flow field (characteristics) around the Strainer for the various Y angles.
• To analyze the performance & Pressure drop of Strainer by considering the various shapes.

The proposed work shall include following steps:

[Link] of literature review of various work reported.
[Link] modelling of Strainers having different Element shapes such as Cylinder type, Boat type, Monkey type.
[Link] analysis for each of the above geometry for Y angle in upstream and downstream flow.
[Link] of the result obtained in above step.
[Link] the optimum design based on Pressure Drop.
Flow characteristics around the Strainer considering various element shapes would give insight idea of their
performance so that comparative results could be made.
 ANALYSIS WORK & PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

• Selecting the right techniques / process to incorporate in new products is a particularly

challenging aspect of new product definition and development. While newer advanced
technologies may offer improved performance, they also make the product development process
more risky and challenging. In this project, we focus on the technical selection and commitment.
For technical selection following process shall be followed.
• Selection of the filtration (mesh)
• Free flow area Calculation
• Pressure drop calculation
 COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD)

• Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) emerged in the 1980s as a significant tool for fluid dynamics both in
research and in practice, enabled by rapid development in computer hardware and software. Commercial
CFD software is widely available. Computational fluid dynamics is the numerical solution of the equations
of continuity and momentum (navier-stokes equations for incompressible Newtonian fluids) along with
additional conservation equations for energy and material species in order to solve problems of non-
isothermal flow, mixing, and chemical reaction.
• A wide variety of numerical methods has been employed, but three basic steps are common to all CFD
methods:
1. Subdivision or discretization of the flow domain into cells or elements
2. Discretization of the governing equations
3. Solution of the algebraic equations.
 CFD MODEL

• To calculate the pressure drop across the filter fluid flow is modelled for CFD analysis. CFD
model is created using SolidWorks software.
• Three different geometries have modelled for 300NB filter, exiting model, modified model-I and
modified model-II in fully clean condition as shown in figures considered for the present
analysis.
 EXISTING MODEL
• The existing model has cylindrical type element. For analysis purpose model is divided in three
sub-parts called inlet body, element and the outlet body. To create well developed flow here inlet
pipe is extended to 1200 mm and outlet pipe extended to 1800mm long.
 MODIFIED MODEL-I

• The body of Modified Model-I is kept remain same as the existing model and changed are made
in the shape of the filter element which is the heart of the filter. New filter element is named as
boat type element based on the shape. While modelling for the CFD analysis minor changes were
made in shape of the element.
 BOAT TYPE ELEMENT
• Figure shows the actual element shape. For analysis purpose model is divided in three sub-parts
called inlet body, element and the outlet body. To create well developed flow here inlet pipe is
extended to 1200 mm and outlet pipe extended to 1800mm long.
 MODIFIED MODEL-II
• Figure shows the actual element shape. For analysis purpose model is divided in three sub-parts
called inlet body, element and the outlet body. To create well developed flow here inlet pipe is
extended to 1200 mm and outlet pipe extended to 1800mm long.
MESHING VIEW OF EXITING MODEL
MESHING VIEW OF MODIFIED MODEL-I
MESHING VIEW OF MODIFIED MODEL-II
 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

• In three dimensions, boundaries are surfaces that completely surround and define a region. Each
boundary has its own properties and can be given custom configurations such as meshing surface
size, or how it should behave relative to other surfaces. The main boundary types chosen were
the following: wall, internal interface, velocity inlet, porosity and flow outlet. These boundaries
and their corresponding chosen surfaces for this study will now be discussed.
• Wall
• Velocity Inlet
• Flow Outlet (Pressure)
• Fluid: Water liquid
• Porous Media Conditions
ILLUSTRATION OF BOUNDARIES AND COMPONENTS OF THE EXITING
MODEL
ILLUSTRATION OF BOUNDARIES AND COMPONENTS OF THE MODIFIED
MODEL-I
ILLUSTRATION OF BOUNDARIES AND COMPONENTS OF THE MODIFIED
MODEL-II
 RESULTS

• Counter plots clearly represented that the pressure in the inlet body of the exiting model is more
as compared to the modified models.
• If we compare the modified model-I and modified model-II for each velocity vector it is clearly
seen that the flow path is get streamlined at the corner portions which helps in improvement of
the pressure drop value.
PRESSURE AND VELOCITY PLOT FOR EXISTING MODEL AT 2.0 m/sec
VELOCITY
PRESSURE AND VELOCITY PLOT FOR MODIFIED MODEL-I AT 2.0 m/sec
VELOCITY
PRESSURE AND VELOCITY PLOT FOR MODIFIED MODEL-II AT 2.0 m/sec
VELOCITY
 PRESSURE DROP VALUES USING CFD

Pressure Drop
Inlet Velocity (V), Flow Rate
Sr. No.
m/sec (Q),
Existing Model Modified Model-I Modified Model-II

1 1.5 400 0.04773 0.01479 0.01408

2 1.6 426 0.05667 0.02128 0.01537

3 1.8 479 0.07054 0.02395 0.01800

4 2.0 533 0.08601 0.02838 0.02191

5 2.2 586 0.10129 0.03320 0.02502

6 2.4 639 0.12288 0.03890 0.02673

7 2.5 666 0.13299 0.04255 0.02842

 PRESSURE DROP VALUES USING CFD

Velocity Vs. Pressure Drop Curve

Pressure Drop (ΔP), kg/cm2

0.14

0.12

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
1.5 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.5
 CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION

• CFD model of the filter is generated in Solid works and this model is imported to ANSYS fluent for
processing work. CFD analysis is carried out on Y type strainer for different values of velocity i.e. for
different flow rates. Numerical simulation is carried out to predict the flow behaviour across the flow
filtering y-strainer. Three different designs (existing model, modified model-I, modified model-II) are
considered for the simulation. The following are the observations made:

• Flow behaviour is predicted in terms of pressure and velocity.

 
• It is seen that in existing model, flow path is diverted in 60-degree angle to downwards side to enter
inside the element. Also, there is an element retaining plate in between the straight flow path of the flow,
which also act as barrier to the flow.
 
Continue….
• In modified model-I it is seen that flow path remains streamline because of removal of element retaining plate which helps in
improvement of pressure drop. Approximately 67% improvement is seen after modification in modified model-I as compared to
the exiting model.

• Further modification was made in the body of modified model-I keeping element shape and dimensions same. Due to filleted
corners pressure drop is improved in modified model-I.
 
• Approximately 75% improvement is seen after modification in modified model-II as compared to the exiting model.
 
• The present optimized design (modified model-II) helps in improving the flow field and pressure drop but increases
manufacturing time.

• Further work on different size filter, different turbulences model and validation with experimental data for the optimized design
will add value to this work.
 REFERENCES

• PARTHA KUNDU, VIMAL KUMAR, INDRA M. MISHRA [1] IN THE PAPER TITLE “EXPERIMENTAL
AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF FLUID FLOW HYDRODYNAMICS IN POROUS MEDIA:
CHARACTERIZATION OF DARCY AND NON-DARCY FLOW REGIMES” REPORTED IN THE
JOURNAL OF POWDER TECHNOLOGY.
• ANURAG GUPTA PUSHPDANT JAIN, PRABHSAH JAIN [2] (DEC. 2013) IN THE PAPER TITLED
“PRODUCT PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT OF Y-TYPE STRAINER USED IN THERMAL POWER
PLANT AND PROCESS PLANT” REPORTED IN THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING
INVENTIONS, E-ISSN: 2278-7461, P-ISSN: 2319-6491 VOLUME 3, ISSUE 5 (DECEMBER 2013) PP: 42-
50.
• SAEED OVAYSI1, MOHAMMAD PIRI2 [3] (JUNE 2010) IN THE PAPER TITLED “DIRECT PORE-LEVEL
MODELING OF INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOW IN POROUS MEDIA” REPORTED IN THE JOURNAL
OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS BY ELSEVIER, 229 (2010) 7456–7476.
• ALEXANDER GRAHN1, ECKHARD KREPPER2, FRANK-PETER WEISS3 [4] (AUGUST 2010) IN THE
PAPER TITLED “IMPLEMENTATION OF A PRESSURE DROP MODEL FOR THE CFD SIMULATION OF
CLOGGED CONTAINMENT SUMP STRAINERS” REPORTED IN THE JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING
FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER BY ASME, VOL. 132 / 082902-
• A. GRAHNA1, E. KREPPER1, S. ALT2, W. KASTNER2 [5] (APRIL-2008) IN THE PAPER TITLED
“IMPLEMENTATION OF A STRAINER MODEL FOR CALCULATING THE PRESSURE DROP ACROSS BEDS OF
COMPRESSIBLE, FIBROUS MATERIALS” REPORTED IN THE NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN BY
ELSEVIER, 238 (2008) 2546–2553.

• J. S. ANDRADE, JR., U. M. S. COSTA, M. P. ALMEIDA, H. A. MAKSE AND H. E. STANLEY [6] (JUNE 1999) IN
THE PAPER TITLE “INERTIAL EFFECTS ON FLUID FLOW THROUGH DISORDERED POROUS MEDIA”
REPORTED IN THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS REVIEW LETTERS BY AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY,
VOLUME 82, 0031-9007/99/82(26)/5249(4).

• K. ANN-SOFI JONSSON AND BENGT T. L. JONSSON [7] (SEPT. 1992) IN THE PAPER TITLE “FLUID FLOW IN
COMPRESSIBLE POROUS MEDIA: I: STEADY-STATE CONDITIONS” REPORTED IN THE AICHE JOURNAL
VOL. 38, NO. 9.

• CHWAN P. KYAN, DARSHANLAL T. WASAN, AND ROBERT C. KINTNER [8] (1970) IN THE PAPER TITLE
“FLOW OF SINGLE-PHASE FLUIDS THROUGH FIBROUS BEDS” REPORTED IN THE JOURNAL IND. ENG.
CHEM. FUNDAMEN., 9 (4), PP 596–603.

• STEPHEN WHITAKER [9] (1969) IN THE PAPER TITLE “FLUID MOTION IN POROUS MEDIA” REPORTED IN
THE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY VOL. 61 NO. 12.
• B. F. RUTH [10] (JULY 1935) IN THE PAPER TITLE “STUDIES IN FILTRATION- IV. NATURE OF FLUID FLOW
THROUGH FILTER SEPT AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE FILTRATION EQUATION” REPORTED IN THE
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY VOL. 27 NO. 07.

• B. F. RUTH WITH G. H. MONTILLON AND R. E. MONTONNA [11] (FEB-1993) IN THE PAPER TITLE “STUDIES
IN FILTRATION- II. FUNDAMENTAL AXIOM OF CONSTANT - PRESSURE FILTRATION” REPORTED IN THE
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY VOL. 25 NO. 02.

• REFERENCE BOOK 1: FLUID MECHANICS BY K. L. KUMAR

• REFERENCE BOOK 2: FLUID MECHANICS BY R. K. BANSAL

• PERRY CHEMICAL HANDBOOK

THANK YOU !!!!