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L1 - Computer Generations

The document outlines the historical evolution of computers from the first generation (1941-1956) using vacuum tubes to the fifth generation, which focuses on artificial intelligence and advanced technologies. Each generation is characterized by improvements in reliability, size, heat generation, and programming languages. The fifth generation aims to create machines capable of processing natural language and self-learning through emerging technologies like quantum computation.

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Krishna Vamsi
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29 views10 pages

L1 - Computer Generations

The document outlines the historical evolution of computers from the first generation (1941-1956) using vacuum tubes to the fifth generation, which focuses on artificial intelligence and advanced technologies. Each generation is characterized by improvements in reliability, size, heat generation, and programming languages. The fifth generation aims to create machines capable of processing natural language and self-learning through emerging technologies like quantum computation.

Uploaded by

Krishna Vamsi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CSE211

Computer Organization and


Design

Lecture : 3 Tutorial: 1 Practical: 0

1
Historical Perspective
First generation Computers (1941-1956):

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Characteristics
• Vacuum Tubes
• Magnetic Drums
• Slow Operating Systems
• Production of the heat
• Machine language was used for programming
• First generation computers were unreliable
• They were difficult to program and use

*Von Neumann Computers

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Second Generation Computers (1956-1963):

11/13/22
Characteristics
• Use of transistors
• Reliable in comparison to first generation computers
• Smaller size as compared to first generation computers
• Generated less heat as compared to first generation computers
• Consumed less electricity as compared to first generation
computers
• Faster than first generation computers
• Still very costly
• AC required
• Supported machine and assembly languages

11/13/22
Third Generation Computers (1964-1971)

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Characteristics

• IC used
• More reliable
• Smaller size
• Generated less heat
• Consumed lesser electricity
• Supported high-level language

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Fourth Generation (1971-2010)

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Characteristics

• VLSI technology used


• Very cheap
• Portable and reliable
• Use of PCs
• Very small size

11/13/22
2010-  : Fifth Generation – Artificial Intelligence
• Computer devices with artificial intelligence are still in
development, but some of these technologies are
beginning to emerge and be used such as voice
recognition.
• AI is a reality made possible by using parallel
processing and superconductors. Leaning to the
future, computers will be radically transformed again
by quantum computation, molecular and nano
technology.
• The essence of fifth generation will be using these
technologies to ultimately create machines which can
process and respond to natural language, and have
capability to learn and organise themselves.

10

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