Computer System

Servicing and
Maintenance
By: ROSE ANN M. INMENZO
BY: CHERRY MAE I. MARCELO
Lesson 1

Lesson 2
Computer System
Lesson 3

Lesson 4
Servicing and
Lesson 5 Maintenance
BY:
By: CHERRY
ROSE MAE
ANN M. I. MARCELO
INMENZO
Lesson 6

Lesson 7
Lesson 1
Practice Occupational Health
Lesson 2
And Safety Procedures
Lesson 3
• Electrical Hazards
Lesson 4
• Maintain Occupational Health and Safety Awareness
Lesson 5

Lesson 6 Learning Outcomes:

Lesson 7 • Know the electrical hazards and prevent risks; and

• Identify the required compliance with regulatory and organizational
requirements for occupational health and safety.
Lesson 1
Apply Quality Standards
Lesson 2
• Assess quality of received materials
Lesson 3
• Assess own work
Lesson 4
• Engage in quality improvement
Lesson 5

Lesson 6 Learning Outcomes:

Lesson 7 • Determine the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values needed to apply
quality standards in the workplace; and
• Identify and practice the application of relevant safety procedures and
regulations, organization procedures and customer requirements.
Lesson 1

Lesson 2
Perform Computer Operations
Lesson 3 • Computer Ergonomics
• The Computer System
Lesson 4

Lesson 5 Learning Outcomes:

Lesson 6 • Plan and prepare for tasks to be undertaken;

Lesson 7 • Input data into computer;

• Access information using computer; and

• Procedure output/data using computer system

• To identify and apply the knowledge, skills and attitudes on the safe use,
handling and maintenance of tools
Lesson 1

Lesson 2
Use Hand Tools
Lesson 3 • Prepare hand tools
• Use appropriate hand tools and test equipment
Lesson 4
• Maintain hand tools
Lesson 5

Lesson 6 Learning Outcomes:

Lesson 7 • To identify and apply the knowledge, skills and attitudes on the safe use,
handling and maintenance of tools.
Lesson 1

Lesson 2
Install and Configure Computer
System
Lesson 3
• Assembly and Dis-assembly of Personal Computer
Lesson 4 • Preparation of Installer

Lesson 5 • Operating System Installation

Lesson 6 • Device Drivers and Application Software

Lesson 7 Learning Outcomes:

• Understand the process in installing and configuring desktop and
workstation computers systems; and
• Perform and demonstrate the competencies to assemble computer hardware,
install operating system and drivers for peripherals/devices, and install
application software as well as to conduct testing and documentation.
Lesson 1

Lesson 2
Set-Up Computer Networks
Lesson 3 • Install network cables
• Set network configuration
Lesson 4
• Set router/Wi-Fi/ wireless access point/repeater configuration
Lesson 5
Learning Outcomes:
Lesson 6
• Identify and understand the requirements in setting-up computers networks
Lesson 7 for LANs and small-office home-office (SOHO) systems;
• Perform and apply the competencies to install network cables;
• Set network configuration;
• Set router/Wi-Fi/ wireless access point/repeater configuration; and
• Inspect and test the configured computer networks.
Lesson 1

Lesson 2
Set-Up Computer Servers
Lesson 3 • Plan and prepare for maintenance and repair
• Maintain computer systems and network
Lesson 4
• Diagnose faults of computer systems and networks
Lesson 5

Lesson 6
Learning Outcomes:
Lesson 7 • To identify and apply the knowledge, skills and attitudes on the safe use,
handling and maintenance of tools.
Topic1. Electrical Hazards
An electrical hazard is a dangerous condition where a worker can or does
make electrical contact with energized equipment or a conductor. From that
contact, the person may sustain an injury from shock, and there is a potential
for the worker to receive an arc flash (electrical explosion) burn, thermal burn
or blast injury.
• Static electricity
-the accumulation of charge on surfaces as a result of contact and friction with another surface.

• Dynamic electricity
-is the uniform motion of electrons through condition (electric current).
What are the most common Electric Hazards?
Most electricity-related injuries are typically the result of:
• Poorly installed and/or maintained electrical equipment.
• Faulty wiring.
• Overloaded, overheated, or shorted outlets.
• The use of flexible leads and extension cables that are prone to damage.
• Using equipment that is believed to be dead but is live.
• Incorrect use of replacement fuses.

• Using electrical equipment near a source of water or with wet hands.

Installing and Maintaining Safe Equipment
• Ensuring that all electrical equipment selected for workers is safe for work activities and for their
intended purpose.
• Ensuring that all electrical equipment has gone through the necessary checks before being brought
onto the premises.
• Ensuring that all electrical equipment is properly installed and maintained by a qualified person.
• Arranging for equipment to be regularly inspected for faults, to be isolated immediately if faults are
discovered, and to be repaired by a suitably trained person.
• Preventing all live parts of electrical equipment from being accessed during normal operation.

• Providing all employees with information and training on electrical safety and the correct use of
electrical equipment.
Awareness of Electrical Hazards
Hazards that may lead to electricity related accidents:

• Electrical cables that are frayed, loose, or have exposed wires.

• Rattling plugs.
• Electrical equipment that gives off a strange odour.
• Overheating equipment (those that are not heated by normal operation).
• Overloaded outlets or extension cords.

• Equipment that is not working properly.

Tips for Minimizing Electric Hazards
• Switch off and unplug computers when they are not in use and before cleaning.
• Turn off all computers at the end of the day.
• Do not force a plug into an outlet if it does not fit.
• Do not run electrical cords through high-traffic areas, under carpets, or across doorways – this will
prevent cords from being worn down and minimizes accidents.
• Maintain at least 3 feet of clearance in front of all electrical panels.
Topic 2. Maintain Occupational Health and Safety
Common hazards encountered by computer technician and users
A hazard is a situation in the workplace that has the potential to harm the health and safety of people or to
damage plant and equipment. The situation could involve a task, chemical or equipment used. Hazard
management is a continuous process that can be used to improve the health and safety of all workplaces
Common hazards encountered by computer technician
and users
1. Physical hazards
One of the most common physical hazards involving computer technicians.
Example:
• Cables running across the floor.
• If someone trips, falls, and hurts himself because of a cable you ran across the floor, someone (you, your employer, or your customer)
has a serious legal negligence problem.
• If you need to temporarily run a cable across the floor, place a Danger sign similar to those "wet floor" signs used by cleaning services.
Common hazards encountered by computer technician
and users

2. Mechanical hazards
When working on electronic equipment always be alert to any possibility of being hurt by moving parts, hot
components, or sharp edges.

Example:
• You might stick your hand in a printer and suddenly the paper feed arm moves, feeding not only paper through the printer, but a
piece of your finger too.

• You might move your hand past a computer chassis and lose a chunk of flesh because it is razor sharp
Common hazards encountered by computer technician
and users

3. Chemical hazards
There is a wide array of chemicals used with electronic equipment.
Before using any chemicals for electronic equipment always read the warnings and instructions on the
label.
Example:
• Cleaning chemicals, keyboard cleaning chemicals, compressed gas dirt and dust removers, and many cleaning solvents.

• Inkjet printer cartridges, or laser printer toner cartridges.

Common hazards encountered by computer technician
and users
4. Electric Shock hazards
Inside computers and electronic equipment.
Example:
• The power supply, you will find line voltage, which is a lethal 220 volts.
Workplace Safety Guidelines
• Protect people from injury
• Protect equipment from damage
• Protect the environment from contamination

Fire Safety Guidelines

• Know the location of fire extinguishers, how to use them and which to use for electrical fires and
for combustible fires.
• Find an escape route in case a fire gets out of control.
• Know how to contact emergency services quickly
• Keep the workspace clean.
• Keep most solvents in a separate area.
Safety Precautions when working:
1. Do not work alone so that there is someone who can take care of you in case of accident or
emergency.
2. Always power off and unplug the computer before working on it.
3. Take away any liquid such as mineral water or soft drinks near your working area or near
computers.
4. Be careful with the tools that may cause short circuit.
5. Always ground or discharge yourself before touching any part of the computer.
6. Do not use excessive force if things do not quite slip into place.
Safety Precautions when working:
7. Clean the area before and after using it to maintain sanitation and prevent accidents.
8. Hold the components by edges and do not touch the IC’s.
9. Always wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in accordance with the organization’s
OHS procedures and practices.
10. Make sure that the pins are properly aligned when connecting a cable connector.
11. Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire, and other emergencies are
recognized.
12. Use brush, compressed air or blower in cleaning the computer system.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garment or equipment designed to
protect the wearer’s body from injury by blunt impacts, electrical hazards, heat, chemicals, and
infection, for job-related occupational safety and health purposes, and in sports, martial arts,
combat, etc.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Cover-all / Lab Gown
-used to avoid injuries caused
by sharp objects and extreme
sunlight.
Safety Boots
-protects foot from injuries and
prevent building up static
electricity.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Safety Gloves
-used to protect hands from
electric surge and potential
chemical hazards.
Face Shield
-protection against chemical
hazards.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Safety Eye Glasses

-used to protect eyes against Hearing Protector
foreign objects and extreme
-protection for high noise areas.
lights.

Helmet
-protects head from falling debris and
other physical hazards.
Assess quality of received materials
Reading Skills
Here are some tips to improve your reading skills:
1. Read on topics that interest you.
2. Read materials at your level or a bit hard for you.
3. Read longer passages or a book, not just articles.
4. Read and don’t worry if you don’t understand it first. Look for the meaning of new words after you read.
Or you can always look up unfamiliar words as you read, whichever works for you.

5. Read a lot.
Workplace Standards and Specifications
1. Standards are based on knowledge about the best practice for the company
and are valuable to the organization.
2. Standards set a framework in defining and describing what a quality software
is in a specific situation.
3. Standards help in continuity when work is passed from one person to another
by ensuring that all programmers adopt the same practices.
Product standards apply to the software or system being developed, which
involves document and coding standards.

Process standards determine what processes or actions should be taken

during software development.
The table below shows examples of product and process standards.

Product standards Process standards

Design review form • Design review conduct
Requirements document structure • Submission of new code for system
Method header format development

Java programming style • Version release process

Project plan format • Project plan approval process

• Change control process
Procedures in Carrying Out Work Instructions
1. Product Introduction. This is where the product, its qualities and the intended market or target
users are described.
2. Product Plans. Important release dates and responsibilities and distribution plans and product
servicing are identified in these plans.
3. Process Descriptions. The service processes and standards used for product management and
development are explained here.
4. Quality Goals. Important product quality attributes are described in the quality goals and plans.
5. Risk and Risk Management. Risks that could affect the quality of the product are identified
along with the actions to be taken.
Quality Checking Procedures
SQuaRE (Systems and software Quality Requirements and
Evaluation)- is a standard tool in assessing the quality of software
programs.
The product quality model consists of eight (8) characteristics,
along with their sub characteristics:

functional suitability;
performance efficiency;
compatibility;
usability;
reliability;
security;
maintainability; and
portability.
 Software Product Quality Model

Functional Performance Usability Reliability

Compatibility Security Maintainability Portability
Suitability Efficiency

Appropriateness Confidentiality Modularity

Functional recognizability
Maturity
completeness
Time behavior Integrity Reusability Adaptability
Learnability
Co-existence Availability
Functional Resource utilization Operability Non-Repudiation Analyzability Installability
correctness
Interoperability Fault Tolerance
User error
Capacity protection Accountability Modifiability Replaceability
Functional
Recoverability
appropriateness User interface
aesthetics Authenticity Testability

Accessibility
External Quality Attributes Internal Quality Attributes

Depth of Inheritance Tree

Maintainability

Cyclomatic Complexity
Reliability
Program Size (Line of Codes)

Reusability
Number of Error Messages

Usability
Length of User Manual
Fault Identification and Reporting
FAULT CLASS INSPECTION CHECK
Data Faults • Are all variables initialized before used?
• Are all constants named?
• Is the upper bound array equal to array length or length-1?
• Is a delimiter assigned in character strings?
• Is there a possibility for buffer overflow?

Control Faults • Are all conditions in conditional statements correct?

• Are all loops terminated?
• Do nested statements have proper brackets?
• Are breaks included in cases?

Input / Output Faults • Are all input variables utilized?

• Do all output variables have value before being
• Do unexpected inputs corrupt the program?
Fault Identification and Reporting
FAULT CLASS INSPECTION CHECK
Interface Faults • Are there enough parameters for functions and methods?
• Do actual and formal parameter types match?
• Are parameters arranged properly?

Storage Management • If a link structure is changed, are all links updated?

• Is the dynamic storage space been allocated appropriately?
• Is space deallocated when no longer used?

Exception • Are all possible error conditions identified?

Management Faults
Assess own Work
This section focuses on the communication skills and knowledge needed to carry
out and evaluate your own work and the error identification process which
includes pre- and post-review activities.
Communication Skills
Why is communication important?
1. It allows us to maintain our competence by gaining knowledge.
2. Obtained understanding is important to reach our goals.
3. Communication is vital to interact effectively with diverse people.
4. Good listening skills help in addressing issues and strengthening both
internal and client relationships.
5. It equips us to ask the right questions and discover solutions to a problem.
Here are some skills that you need to gain and hone:
FAULT CLASS INSPECTION CHECK
Effectively express Communicate in an accurate, timely and easy-to- understand manner
Yourself regardless of the medium.
Share information in an honest and open way.

Listen effectively Analyze and understand thoughts, concerns or feelings not

expressed very well. Interpret body language and other non-
verbal forms of communication to respond appropriately. Look
at the information from a different perspective before drawing
conclusions.
Here are some skills that you need to gain and hone:
FAULT CLASS INSPECTION CHECK
Understand underlying Try to understand others’ reference. Realize why people
concerns and issues behave in a certain way. Utilize this information to identify
communication needs. Address people’s concern and come up
with long- term solutions.

Adaptive Analyze underlying issues and use the most

effective method in delivering the information. Apply different
methods to convey information in a clear and understandable way.
Look at the information from the listener’s perspective, anticipate
their response and respond accordingly.
Identifying Errors
To identify errors in a software program, as the software. Basically, the review
process is divided in three phases – pre-review activities, review meeting and
post-review activities, as illustrated in the figure below.

Error
Planning
Correction

Individual Review Follow-up

Preparation Meeting Checks

Group
Improvement
Preparation

Pre-review Activities Post-review Activities

Review Process
Sommerville (2011) defined the review process as follows:

1. Pre-review activities are preparatory actions to assure effectiveness of the review. This phase
includes review planning and preparation.
• Review planning means setting up a review team, time and place for the review where the
documents for review are distributed.
• Review preparation involves having the team meet and discuss the overview of the software to be
reviewed.
• Individual review allows the members of the team to look for errors, omissions and characteristics
that do not follow the standards independently.
Review Process
2. Review meeting, on the other hand, is when the author of the document will walk through the
document. This process could take two or more hours. One team member will act as the chair and
make sure that all actions and review decisions are properly documented.

3. Post review activities take place after the review meeting. Problems raised should be addressed
at this point, like fixing the errors and bugs found in the software, refactoring the software, ensuring
standards compliance, and rewriting documents
Engage in quality improvement
Relevant Production Process
ISO 9001 has been considered as an international standard for quality management systems. It
can also be used as a framework in developing standards which involves quality principles and
processes, and organizational standards and procedures. The figure below shows the ISO 9001
core process in product (software) delivery and support.
Relevant Production Process
Product Delivery Process Support Process
• Business Acquisition • Business Management
• Design & Development • Supplier Management
• Test • Inventory Management
• Production & Delivery • Configuration Management
• Service & Support
Critical Thinking
Decision making requires information gathering, assessing possible
solutions and coming up with the best option.
Planning and organizing will assure that you will get the job done
appropriately. It will also help in improving quality work.
Creative thinking or synthesizing means coming up with new ways to
accomplish a goal.
Quality Improvement Process
It has been assumed that the software quality is directly related to the quality of the software
development process. The figure below shows that developing the product or program,
evaluating its quality and improving the quality is a repeated process until standard or
needed quality is met.

Assess
Develop
Define Process Product
Product
Quality

NO YES
Improve Quality Standardize
process OK? process
The quality team or staff responsible in quality assurance, must decide if the
software meets the user requirements. In doing so, they should answer the
following questions:

• Are the programming and documentation standards followed?

• Is the software properly tested?
• Is the software dependable?
• Is the software’s performance acceptable for normal use?
• Is the software usable?
• Is the software easy to understand?
• Is the software well-structured?
Topic 1: Computer Ergonomics
-is the discipline of matching the task to the worker using the most
appropriate equipment to optimize human well-being and overall
performance.
12 Tips for an ergonomic computer Workstation
1. Use a good chair with a dynamic chair back and sit back in this

2. Top of monitor casing 2-3" (5-8 cm) above eye level

3. No glare on screen, use an optical glass anti-glare filter where needed

4. Sit at arm’s length from monitor

5. Feet on floor or stable footrest

6. Use a document holder, preferably in-line with the computer screen

7. Wrists flat and straight in relation to forearms to use keyboard/mouse/input device

8. Arms and elbows relaxed close to body

9. Center monitor and keyboard in front of you

10. Use a negative tilt keyboard tray with an upper mouse platform or downward tiltable platform

adjacent to keyboard

11. Use a stable work surface and stable (no bounce) keyboard tray

12. Take frequent short breaks (microbreaks)

Work Surface Height
Adjust the height of the work surface and/or the height of the chair so that the work surface allows your elbows to be
bent at 90 degrees, forearms parallel with the floor, wrist straight, shoulders relaxed.

Chair
Adjust the seat tilt so that you are comfortable when you are working on
the keyboard. Usually, this will be close to horizontal but some people
prefer the seat tilted slightly forwards. Your knees should be bent at a
comfortable angle and greater than 90 degrees flexion. If this places an
uncomfortable strain on the leg muscles or if the feet do not reach the
floor then a footrest should be used. The footrest height must allow your
knees to be bent at 90 degrees. Therefore, the height of the footrest may
need to be adjustable. Adjust the backrest so that it supports the lower
back when you are sitting upright.
Keyboard Placement
Place the keyboard in a position that allows the forearms to be close to the horizontal and the wrists to be straight.
That is, with the hand in line with the forearm. If this causes the elbows to be held far out from the side of the body
then re-check the work surface height. Some people prefer to have their wrists supported on a wrist desk or the desk.
Be careful not to have the wrist extended or bent in an up position.

Screen Placement
Set the eye to screen at the distance that permits you to most easily focus
on the screen. Usually, this will be within an arm's length. Set the height
of the monitor so that the top of the screen is below eye level and the
bottom of the screen can be read without a marked inclination of the
head. Usually, this means that the center of the screen will need to be
near shoulder height. Eyes must be level with the tool bar. People who
wear bifocal or multi-focal lenses will need to get a balance between
where they see out of their lenses and avoid too much neck flexion.
Desk-Top Layout
Place all controls and task materials within a comfortable reach of both hands so that there is no unnecessary twisting
of any part of the body. Most people prefer the document holder to be between the keyboard and the monitor. There
are many different types of document holders available.

Document Holder
Place this close to the monitor screen in the position that causes the least
twisting or inclination of the head.

Posture and Environment

Change posture at frequent intervals to minimize fatigue. Avoid awkward
postures at the extremes of the joint range, especially the wrists. Take
frequent short rest breaks rather than infrequent longer ones. Avoid sharp
increases in work rate. Changes should be gradual enough to ensure that
the workload does not result in excessive fatigue. After prolonged
absences from work the overall duration of periods of keyboard work
should be increased gradually if conditions permit
Glare and Reflection
It is important to detect the presence of glare and reflection. To determine whether there is glare from overhead lights
whilst seated worker should hold an object such as a book above the eyes at eyebrow level and establish whether the
screen image becomes clearer in the absence of overhead glare. To detect whether there are reflections from the desk
surface, the worker should hold the book above the surface and assess the change in reflected glare from the screen.

Using a Mouse
A well-designed mouse should not cause undue pressure on the wrist and
forearm muscles. A large bulky mouse may keep the wrist continuously
bent at an uncomfortable angle. Pressure can be reduced by releasing the
mouse at frequent intervals, by selecting a slim-line, low-profile mouse.
Keep the mouse as close as possible to the keyboard, elbow bent and
close to the body.
Posture during Keying
Good posture is essential for all users of computers. It comprises of a natural and relaxed position, providing
opportunity for movement, and from which the operator can assume a number of alternative positions. It is not a
single, rigidly defined position.

Speed of Keying
The efficiency and speed of modern computers makes it
possible for a skilled operator to type extremely quickly.
This capability, reinforced by workload pressures means
the potential exists for operators to key at speeds which
may cause or contribute to Occupational Overuse
Syndrome.
Length of Time on the Keyboard
The maintenance of a fixed posture for long periods is tiring and increases the likelihood of muscular aches and pains.
In addition, long periods of repetitive movement and sustained visual attention can also give rise to fatigue-related
complaints.

It is recommended that operators avoid spending more than five hours a day on keyboard duties and no longer than 50
minutes per hour without a postural/stretching break.
Topic 2: The Computer System
What Is A Computer?
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions (software) stored
in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input), manipulate data (process), and produce
information (output) from the processing. Generally, the term is used to describe a collection of
devices that function together as a system.
Input Devices
Keyboard
- is usually part of a personal
computer or part of a terminal
that is connected to a
computer somewhere else.

Mouse Trackball
- is an input device with a ball - is like an upside-down mouse-
on its underside that is rolled on you roll the ball directly with
a flat surface, usually the desk on your hand.
which the computer sits.
Input Devices
Microphone Touchscreens
- Converts sound waves to audio signals, - they handle both input and
which are then converted to digital audio output — interpreting the user's
data and sent/inputted into a computer. actions while featuring a graphic
display.

Scanner
- Scanners use optical
recognition systems that Joystick
have a light beam to scan - It is an input device that can be
input data to convert it into used for controlling the
electrical signals, which are movement of the cursor or a
sent to the computer for pointer in a computer device.
processing.
Process
The CPU
The CPU contains millions of tiny transistors and pathways that take in data and instructions, process (calculate) the
data according to the instructions, and output the results of the calculations.

System Unit
It's a rectangular box placed on or underneath your desk. Inside this box are many electronic components that process
data.

The most important of these components is the central processing unit (CPU), or microprocessor, which acts as the
"brain" of your computer. Another component is random access memory (RAM), which temporarily stores information
that the CPU uses while the computer is on. The information stored in RAM is erased when the computer is turned off.
CPU Data Processing Example

A. Control unit fetches the data and places it in

data register.
Control
Unit CPU ALU B. Control unit fetches the instruction and
places it an instruction register.

C. Control unit decodes the instruction to

Data Register 1 15 determine what needs to happen, and tells the
ALU.
Data Register 1 3
D. ALU executes the instruction and places the
Instruction Register Division result in a result register.

E. Control unit orders the data in the result

Result Register 5
register to exit the CPU, where it is stored in
memory.
Storage Devices
Storage devices are one of the core components of any computing device. They store
virtually all the data and applications on a computer, except hardware firmware. They are
available in different form factors depending on the type of underlying device.
For example, a standard computer has multiple storage devices including RAM, cache, and 23
hard disk, as well as possibly having optical disk drives and externally connected USB drives.
Machine Cycle
1. Fetch. The control unit requests that the
data and instructions it needs to be fetched
from memory and moved into the CPU.
2. Decode. The control unit translate the
instructions into a form the ALU
understands
3. Execute. The ALU processes the
instructions
4. Store. The control unit releases the result
from the CPU, and it is stored in memory.
Two different types of storage devices
• Primary storage devices: Generally
smaller in size, these are designed to hold data
temporarily and are internal to the computer.
They have the fastest data access speed, and
include RAM and cache memory.

• Secondary storage devices: These usually

have large storage capacity, and they store data
permanently. They can be either internal or
external to the computer, and they include the
hard disk, optical disk drive and USB storage
device.
Output
Computer Screen Technology
A user's first interaction with a computer screen may be the screen response to the user's
input. When data is entered, it appears on the screen. Furthermore, the computer response to that
data-the output-also appears on the screen. Computer screens come in many varieties, but the
most common kind is the cathode ray tube (CRT). Most CRT screens use a technology called
raster-scan technology.
• Terminals A screen may be the monitor of a self-contained personal computer, or it may be
part of a terminal that is one of many terminals attached to a large computer.
• Printers A printer is a device that produces printed paper output, known in the computer
industry as hard copy because it is tangible and permanent (unlike soft copy, which is
displayed on a screen).
• Speaker It is one of the most common output devices used with computer systems.
Topic 1: Prepare hand tools

Use Hand Tools

A tool is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task. Tools range from a traditional
metal cutting part of a machine to an element of a computer program that activates and controls a
particular function.
Planning and Preparing for the task to be undertaken includes
proper tool selection.

1. How do you select the best tool for the job? First, know and understand in detail the scope of
work to be accomplished, second, plan for the scope taking into account the sequence of
tasks.
2. Selecting the best tool for each task requires training in the proper use of the tools, field
experience in their safe use, and following the manufacturer’s guidance and instructions for
that specific tool.
3. When obtaining the tool all the associated tooling and consumable parts, as recommended
by the manufacturer, must be included. In addition, related consumable parts must also be
selected and used according to their manufacturer’s instructions
Safe Use of tools
Once selected, use the tool for the purpose for which it was designed. Not all tools come
with detailed instructions, but there are those that do spell out the safety ―Do’s and Don’ts‖ for
the your safety. If there are set-up/use options, operator judgment must always be based on what
is the safest way to use the tool.

Environmental Safety and Health Program requires the following:

• All tools be kept in good condition with regular maintenance

• The right tool be used for the job
• Each tool be examined before use AND damaged or defective tools NOT to be used
• Tools be operated according to manufacturer’s instructions
• The right protective equipment for the tool and activity be used
Safe Use of tools
Prepare hand tools
To complete hardware repairs, it is important to have a toolkit that should contain all of the
necessary tools. As you gain experience, you will learn which tools to have available for different
types of jobs. Hardware tools are grouped into these four categories:

• Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) tools

• Hand tools
• Cleaning tools
• Diagnostic tools
Safe Use of tools
Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Tools
Static electricity is easily generated by friction on carpets, tile flooring, clothing, hair, fabric, and
etc. The friction of moving air alone will charge suspended particles and cause the buildup of
static electrical charges on people and objects in the environment. Grounded antistatic work mats
used with antistatic wrist straps provide the most basic means for the controlled discharge of
electrostatic electricity. Examples of ESD Tools:

Anti-static wrist strap

-used to prevent ESD damage to
computer equipment.

Anti-static mat
-used to stand on or place hardware on to
prevent
static electricity from building up.
Safe Use of tools
Hand Tools
A hand tool is a device for performing work on a material or a physical system using only
hands. The hand tools can be manually used employing force, or electrically powered, using
electrical current. Examples of Hand Tools:

Philips head screwdriver

-used to loosen or
tighten cross-head
screws
Flat head screwdriver
-to loosen or tighten slotted
screws. Torx screwdriver
-used to loosen or tighten screws that have a
star-like depression on the top, a feature that
is mainly found on laptop.
Safe Use of tools
Hand Tools
A hand tool is a device for performing work on a material or a physical system using only
hands. The hand tools can be manually used employing force, or electrically powered, using
electrical current. Examples of Hand Tools:

Needle-nose plier
-used to hold small
parts.

Hex driver Wire cutter

-sometimes called a nut driver, is -used to strip and cut wires.
used to tighten nuts in the same
way that a screwdriver tightens
screws.
Safe Use of tools
Hand Tools
A hand tool is a device for performing work on a material or a physical system using only
hands. The hand tools can be manually used employing force, or electrically powered, using
electrical current. Examples of Hand Tools:

Part retriever
-used to retrieve parts from
location that are to small for your
hand to fit.
Tweezers
-used to manipulate small parts.

Flashlight
-used to light up areas that you cannot see
well.
Safe Use of tools
Cleaning Tools
Having the appropriate cleaning tools is essential when maintaining or repairing computers.
Using these tools ensures that computer components are not damaged during cleaning.
Examples:

Compressed air
-used to blow away dust and debris
from different computer parts
without touching the components.

Lint free cloth

-used to clean different computer
components without scratching or Cable ties
leaving debris. Parts organizer
-used to bundle cables neatly
inside and outside of a -used to hold screw, jumpers,
computer. fasteners and other small parts and
prevents them from getting mixed
together.
Safe Use of tools
Diagnostic Tools
Computers are easier to use and more dependable with each new generation of hardware and
operating system update, but that doesn't mean they're problem-free. Here's the most popular
tools for diagnosing your computer problems:

Multimeter Loopback Adapter

-used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality -used to test the functionality of
of electricity in computer components. computer ports.
Topic 2: Use appropriate hand tools and test
equipment
Proper Use of ESD Tools
The purpose of an antistatic wrist strap is to equalize the electrical charge between you and
the equipment. The antistatic wrist strap is a conductor that connects your body to the equipment
that you are working on. When static electricity builds up in your body, the connection made by
the wrist strap to the equipment, or ground, channels the electricity through the wire that
connects the strap.
The wrist strap has two parts and is easy to wear:
1. Wrap the strap around your wrist and secure it using the snap or Velcro. The metal on the back
of the wrist strap must remain in contact with your skin at all times.
2. Snap the connector at the end of the wire to the wrist strap, and connect the other end either to
the equipment or to the same grounding point that the antistatic mat is connected to. The metal
skeleton of the case is a good place to connect the wire. When connecting the wire to equipment
that you are working on, choose an unpainted metal surface. A painted surface does not conduct
the electricity as well as unpainted metal.

An antistatic mat is slightly conductive. It works by drawing static electricity away from a
component and transferring it safely from equipment to a grounding point:
1. Lay the mat on the workspace next to or under the computer case.
2. Clip the mat to the case to provide a grounded surface on which you can place parts as you
remove them from the system.
Proper Use of Hand Tools
Screws
Match each screw with the proper screwdriver. Place the tip of the screwdriver on the head of the screw.
Turn the screwdriver clockwise to tighten the screw and counterclockwise to loosen the screw.

Flat head screwdriver

Use a flat head screwdriver when you are working with a slotted screw. Do not use a flat head screwdriver
to remove a Phillips head screw. Never use a screwdriver as a pry bar. If you cannot remove a component,
check to see if there is a clip or latch that is securing the component in place.

Phillips head screwdriver

Use a Phillips head screwdriver with crosshead screws. Do not use this type of screwdriver to puncture
anything. This will damage the head of the screwdriver.
Proper Use of Hand Tools
Hex driver
Use a hex driver to loosen and tighten bolts that have a hexagonal (six-sided) head. Hex bolts should not be
over-tightened because the threads of the bolts can be stripped. Do not use a hex driver that is too large for
the bolt that you are using.

Part retriever, Needle-nose pliers, or tweezers

The part retriever, needle-nose pliers, and tweezers can be used to place and retrieve parts that may be hard
to reach with your fingers. Do not scratch or hit any components when using these tools.

Phillips head screwdriver

Use a Phillips head screwdriver with crosshead screws. Do not use this type of screwdriver to puncture
anything. This will damage the head of the screwdriver.
Proper Use of Cleaning Materials
Keeping computers clean inside and out is a vital part of a maintenance program. Dirt can cause
problems with the physical operation of fans, buttons, and other mechanical components. On electrical
components, an excessive buildup of dust will act like an insulator and trap the heat. This insulation will
impair the ability of heat sinks and cooling fans to keep components cool, causing chips and circuits to
overheat and fail.

CAUTION: When compressed air is used to clean inside the computer, the air should be blown around the
components with a minimum distance of four inches from the nozzle. The power supply and the fan should
be cleaned from the back of the case.

CAUTION: Before cleaning any device, turn it off and unplug the device from the power source.
Proper Use of Cleaning Materials
Computer Cases and Monitors
Clean computer cases and the outside of monitors with a mild cleaning solution on a damp, lint-free cloth.
Mix one drop of dishwashing liquid with four ounces of water to create the cleaning solution. If any water
drips inside the case, allow enough time for the liquid to dry before powering on the computer.
LCD Screens
Do not use ammoniated glass cleaners or any other solution on an LCD screen, unless the cleaner is
specifically designed for the purpose. Harsh chemicals will damage the coating on the screen. There is no
glass protecting these screens, so be gentle when cleaning them and do not press firmly on the screen.
CRT Screens
To clean the screens of CRT monitors, dampen a soft, clean, lint-free cloth with distilled water and wipe the
screen from top to bottom. Then use a soft, dry cloth to wipe the screen and remove any streaking after you
have cleaned the monitor.
Component Contacts
Clean the contacts on components with isopropyl alcohol. Do not use rubbing alcohol.
Rubbing alcohol contains impurities that can damage contacts. Make sure that the contacts
do not collect any lint from the cloth or cotton swab. Blow any lint off the contacts with
compressed air before reinstallation.
Keyboard
Clean a desktop keyboard with compressed air or a small, hand-held vacuum cleaner with a brush
attachment.

Mouse
Use glass cleaner and a soft cloth to clean the outside of the mouse. Do not spray glass cleaner directly on
the mouse. If cleaning a ball mouse, you can remove the ball and clean it with glass cleaner and a soft cloth.
Wipe the rollers clean inside the mouse with the same cloth. Do not spray any liquids inside the mouse.
Topic 3: Maintain hand tools
Tool and Equipment Maintenance
All tools and equipment must be properly maintained so that workers are not endangered.
Regulations require inspections of tools, machines and equipment before use.
Preventive maintenance is the systematic care and protection of tools, equipment and
machines in order to keep them in a safe, usable condition, limit downtime and extend
productivity. We must always be aware that maintenance tasks themselves are potentially
hazardous and can result in injury. The successful maintenance program is:
• well organized and scheduled,
• controls hazard,
• defines operational procedures, and
• trains key personnel.
Tool and Equipment Maintenance
Most manufacturers can provide maintenance schedules for their equipment.
Large companies typically have a comprehensive maintenance program due to the capital
investment and/or leasing agreements. Smaller companies may lease equipment and maintenance
services may be included in the leasing agreement.

General requirements for tools and equipment maintenance include:

• Obtaining a copy of the maintenance schedule recommended by the manufacturer
• Ensuring that maintenance is performed as required
• Ensuring that the person(s) performing the maintenance are competent (e.g. licensed mechanic)
• Retaining records of maintenance/service conducted Specifying who is responsible for
overseeing equipment maintenance and where the records are kept
• Set up a system for removal and tagging of damaged or defective tools and equipment
Proper Storage of Tools, Parts, and Equipment
To ensure that tools and equipment remain in good condition and last for a long time, store them properly.
Properly stored tools and equipment will be easy to find when needed and are less likely to be lost.

Good practices include:

• Parts should be properly stored and labeled.

• Tools should be properly placed on the board, and

labeled. Consider drawing the shapes of the tools on
the board so that they always get put back in the same
position.

• Use bins for storing small parts. Consider making an

individual (or individuals) responsible for the good
maintenance of tools and parts.
Proper Storage of Tools, Parts, and Equipment

Benefits:
• Tools and parts are kept in good condition and are easy
to find

• Costs are reduced.

• Productivity is increased because time is not wasted

looking for tools, parts and equipment.

• Workshop staff develop a sense of responsibility and

pride in their work.
LESSON 5: Install and Configure Computer System
Topic 1: Assembly and Dis-assembly of Personal
Computer

Personal Computer Disassembly

Before starting computer disassembly, make sure you have the tools you need and they're all
close by and handy and be sure to have a container to keep the screws in so you have them when
you want to put things back together.
Step by Step Computer Disassembly

Step1. Unplugging
The first thing you do is to unplug every cable that is plugged in to your computer. That
includes the cables such as Power, USB, Mouse, Keyboard, Internet, Ethernet, Modem, AM\FM
Antenna, Cable TV, etc. Just unplug all the cables for safety purposes.

Now that your computer is fully unplugged, move your PC to a clean work space, preferably a
carpet. The carpet is better than tile, because screws and other small parts will roll around.
Step by Step Computer Disassembly

Step2. Opening the Outer Shell/Case-

First, unscrew the four screws at the back of the computer. On most computer cases, there
will be large knobs that you can unscrew by hand or by screw driver on the back-right side of the
computer. The left side has small screws because on that side you can't access much on the
inside.
Step by Step Computer Disassembly

Step2. Opening the Outer Shell/Case-

Once the screws are removed, you can remove the side panels. On most computers, they just
slide off. Start with the left side panel (the side that once had the knobs), slide it towards the back
of the computer. Now you can remove the left panel. Just like the other side, slide it towards the
back of the computer.

 
Step by Step Computer Disassembly

Step3. Removing the System Fan

- First, unplug the fan from the motherboard. You can find the plug by following the wire
from the fan. It should be labeled "SYS_FAN1". Next, you will have to unscrew the fan from the
outside. You should now be able to lift the fan out of the PC.

System Fan
Step by Step Computer Disassembly

Step4. Removing the CPU Fan

- The CPU fan is located right on top of the CPU heat sink, which is a large piece of metal
with fins on the top. The CPU fan plugs into the motherboard in an awkward place, that is hard
to access. But just follow the wires and you should easily find it. It is labeled "CPU FAN1". To
remove the fan from the heat sink, remove the four screws securing it in place.

CPU Fan
Step by Step Computer Disassembly

Step5. Power Supply

The first thing to do is unplug every wire coming from the
power supply. You must disconnect the motherboard (very large
connector/plug), CD/DVD drive(s) power, internal hard drive
power and portable hard drive slot power.

Once everything is unplugged, unscrew the four screws holding

the power supply in place, on the back of the computer. Next,
push the power supply from the outside, and then lift it out.
Step by Step Computer Disassembly
Step6. CD/ DVD Drive(s)-
First, unplug the ribbon from the back of the drive. Once that is completed, pull on the tab
securing the drive in place, then push it out from the inside

  CD / DVD
Drive
Step by Step Computer Disassembly
Step7. Hard Drive
-First, unplug the connector at the back of the slot, and unplug the other end from the
motherboard. Also unplug the SATA cable from the motherboard and the hard drive.
The portable hard drive slot is secured the same way the CD/DVD drive is, with a tab. Pull on the
tab, then slide the slot out

Unplugging the Hard Drive connector Removing the hard drive from the side of the slot

To remove the hard drive from the side of the slot, unscrew the four screws securing it in place. You must be very careful not to drop the
hard drive, since it is very delicate!
Step by Step Computer Disassembly
Step8. Memory (RAM)
-To remove the RAM, push down on both tabs holding the RAM in place, which are located at
both ends of the RAM.

Removing the Memory

Step by Step Computer Disassembly
Step9. Motherboard
- The motherboard has seven screws holding it to the frame, which are indicated by large
white circles around them. Remove them and then lift the motherboard out of the frame
Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 1. Prepare your workplace
-To remove the RAM, push down on both tabs holding the RAM in place, which are located at
both ends of the RAM.

1. Take Inventory:
Before you start, take an inventory of your parts. Do
not begin assembling your computer if you don't
have everything you need. Begin the step-by-step
process once you are ready with everything you
need.

. Take inventory of the Different Computer Parts

Step by Step Computer Assembly
2. Make Space, Make Time:
Building a PC takes up space - about a dining room table worth. So make sure
you have plenty of working room and a few hours to proceed with minimal
interruption. Work on a flat, stable table top surface, or bare floor, where you
have room to layout all of the items.
Step by Step Computer Assembly
3. Prepare Grounding Protection:

Use an inexpensive antistatic wrist strap. It is the perfect preventive measure if

you have no alternative to working on carpet. Remember, a table top or bare
floor is always the best place to build your system. Make sure you are wearing
your antistatic wrist strap correctly (it does you no good at all if you do not wear
it!), and you are ready to proceed. Look at Figure 42 for details.
 Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 2. Prepare the Motherboard

1. Great care should be taken when installing the

motherboard. First, take the board out of its
packaging and put it on top of the antistatic bag it
came in (see Figure 45). Remember, you always
want to safeguard your components from potentially
hazardous static electricity (wear your strap)

. Figure 45. Motherboard in an Antistatic Bag

 Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 2. Prepare the Motherboard

2. Before you secure the motherboard onto

the PC case/chassis, inspect it carefully for
any visible defects.

. Figure 45. Motherboard in an Antistatic Bag

 Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 2. Prepare the Motherboard
3. Next, review the motherboard manual, to
make sure you are familiar with the motherboard
layout and understand which socket is which.
Manuals are extremely helpful, usually easy to
read, and include illustrations. Below you can
find instructions on how to install the processor,
the heat sink and the memory modules on the
motherboard. You should not place the
motherboard in the computer case until you are
told to do so.
. Figure 45. Motherboard in an Antistatic Bag
 Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 3. Install the CPU
1. Use the unlocking mechanism to open the
CPU socket which is usually a lever.
2. Carefully line up the pins and place the chip
in its socket; it will fit only when oriented the
proper way. An arrow or a missing pin on one
corner of the chip will show you how to line
things up.

Install CPU
 Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 3. Install the CPU
3. Align Triangular CPU and socket key marks
as shown in Figure 46.

4. Lower the lever to lock the CPU into place.

Install CPU
 Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 4. Install the CPU Heat Sink
1. Follow the manufacturer's directions to install the heat sink and the fan that will
cool the processor. If you bought an OEM CPU and a separate heat sink, you may
need to spread a thin layer of the thermal grease that came with the heat sink over
the chip to ensure proper transfer of heat (some heat sinks come with this grease
already applied).
 Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 4. Install the CPU Heat Sink
2. Attach the clip that holds the heat sink in place keeping in mind that it may
require a fair amount of force. Again, follow the instructions that came with the
heat sink. They will show you how to fit it correctly. If you are in doubt, you
can visit the manufacturer's website for more information.

3. Plug the CPU fan's power connector into the proper connector on the
motherboard.
 Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 5. Install Memory (RAM Modules)
2. In order to install the memory modules, insert
them into the proper sockets (Figure 48) and
push down firmly but evenly until the clips
on both sides of the socket pop into place. If
your motherboard supports dual-channel
memory, consult the user manual to
determine which pairs of RAM sockets you
should use. The motherboard and the CPU
are the brain and nerve center of your PC, so
selecting these components is the most
important decision you'll make.
Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 6. Place the motherboard into the case
Some PC cases have a removable motherboard tray. If yours does, remove the screws holding it in
place and pull it out of the case

1. Note the pattern of the holes in your motherboard (Figure 50), and screw
brass standoffs into the motherboard tray or into the PC case in the correct
locations (ALWAYS check the manual and follow their instructions to the
letter).
Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 6. Place the motherboard into the case
Some PC cases have a removable motherboard tray. If yours does, remove the screws holding it in
place and pull it out of the case

2. Check the layout of the sockets on the motherboard, and confirm that the ports on your
motherboard's back panel match the holes on the case's Input/Output (I/O) shield that is installed in
your case. If necessary, remove the old I/O shield by tapping it firmly a few times with the butt- end
of a screwdriver, and then replace it with the shield that came with the new motherboard.

3. Carefully position the motherboard on top of the brass standoffs (Figure 51), line up all the holes,
and use the screws that accompanied the case to fasten down the motherboard. If you are using a
removable tray in your system, slide the tray and motherboard back into the case and then secure the
tray
Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 7. Connect the Power Supply
Making the proper connections is crucial to successfully assembling your PC system. Fortunately,
manufacturers provide color-coded power cables and unique connector shapes to make the job
easy.
1. First, plug the large ATX power connector (Figure 53) from your power supply
into the matching port on your motherboard. Look Figure X for details.

2. Locate the smaller, square processor power connector (Figure 54) (you cannot
miss it - it is the one sprouting the yellow and black wires) and attach it to the
motherboard. Note: your connector is usually located near the processor. As always,
refer to your motherboard's manual for the exact locations.
Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 7. Connect the Power Supply
Making the proper connections is crucial to successfully assembling your PC system. Fortunately,
manufacturers provide color-coded power cables and unique connector shapes to make the job
easy.
3. Use your motherboard user manual and find the description about front-panel
connectors.

NOTE: You are going to be doing work that requires attention to detail and can be
quite frustrating if you do not go into it with the right attitude.
Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 7. Connect the Power Supply
4. Attach each of the tiny leads from the power and reset switches (Figure 56), the hard-disk
activity lights, the PC speaker, and any front-panel USB and FireWire ports to the corresponding
pin on your motherboard. The needle-nose pliers are useful for manipulating small pieces.

Figure 56. Connect the different Leads

 Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 8. Install Graphics / Video Cards

1. Begin by removing the backplane cover from the

AGP or PCI Express X16 slot (the metal piece where
the monitor connector will emerge)

Figure 57. Remove the backplane cover

Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 8. Install Graphics / Video Cards
2. Install the graphics board in that slot, and then secure the card with a screw (Figure 58).

Figure 58. Install the Graphics Board

Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 9. Install Internal Drives
Now it is time to install your drives. This is an easy process, but it requires attention to detail.

1. Make any necessary changes to jumpers on the drives before mounting them in the case. A two-
drive system (one or two SATA (Serial ATA- is a standard hardware interface for connecting hard
drives and CD/DVD drives to a computer) hard drives, plus one parallel ATA (Advanced Technology
Attachment) optical drive, for example) is easy to set up; the SATA drives are jumper less, and the
optical drive can be set as master on its own parallel ATA channel. Many cases have removable drive
rails or cages to house drives.
Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 9. Install Internal Drives
Now it is time to install your drives. This is an easy process, but it requires attention to detail.

2. Use the included screws to attach your drives to the rails or cage, and slide them into the case.
For externally accessible drives such as a DVD recorder, you can save time by installing one drive
rail and sliding the drive in for a test fitting to make sure that its front is flush with the case.
Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 9. Install Internal Drives
Now it is time to install your drives. This is an easy process, but it requires attention to detail.

3. When the drives are installed, connect power and data cables to each one. Parallel ATA drives
use wide, flat data cables that can be installed only in the correct way. Floppy drives use a similar but
smaller cable; SATA drives use a thin, 1cm-wide data cable. SATA drives use a new type of power
connector that many power supplies don't come with. Fortunately, many motherboards ship with
adapters for converting a standard four-pin power connector to a SATA power connector
Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 10. Install the Add- in Cards
1. For each add-in card, you must choose a free PCI slot.
2. Remove its backplane cover to allow access from the rear of the case.
3. Carefully position the card above the slot, and press down firmly to seat the card.
4. Secure the card with a screw.

Many motherboards have additional sound connectors or ports housed on small add-in boards. Some
of these plug into slots on the motherboard; others screw into the back of the case in place of slot
covers. Usually the additional ports are not essential to your PC's operation. For example, if you
install a sound card, you do not need connectors to the motherboard's built-in sound chip. Check your
motherboard manual to determine what each of these boards does.
Step by Step Computer Assembly
Connecting Peripherals of a Personal Computer
When attaching hardware and peripherals of the computer, ensure that they are connected to the
correct locations or ports. For example, some mouse and keyboard cables use the same type of PS/2
connector. So, you must know first the different ports that can be found in the back panel of the
computer.

Keep in mind:
1. When attaching cables, never force a connection.
2. Plug in the power cable after you have connected all other cables.
Step by Step Computer Assembly

Steps in Connecting External Hardware of a PC

Step 1. Attach the monitor cable to the video port.

Step 2. Secure the cable by tightening the screws on the connector.

Figure 62. Attach the Monitor Cable

Step by Step Computer Assembly

Step 3. Plug the keyboard cable into the PS/2 keyboard port.

 Plug the Keyboard Cable

 
Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 4. Plug the mouse cable into the PS/2 mouse port.

Plug the Mouse Cable

 
 
Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 5. Plug the USB cable into a USB port. Step 6. Plug the network cable into the
network port.

 
 
Plug the Mouse Cable Plug the Network Cable
Step by Step Computer Assembly
Step 5. Plug the power cable into the power supply.

 
 
Plug the Power cable
Step by Step Computer Assembly
After connecting all the cables into their proper places, the picture in the next page should be the
appearance of the back panel of your PC.

 
 
TASK 5.1

TASK 5.2

 
 
TOPIC 2: PREPARATION OF INSTALLER

If you dare to do the necessary work by hand, you can simply use the [Link]
application, better known as “Command Prompt”, to create a bootable USB
drive on all operating systems from Windows Vista (including Windows 10).
This goes as follows:
TOPIC 2: PREPARATION OF INSTALLER

● Plug the USB drive into your computer’s USB port.

● Search for the “cmd” application in the Windows start menu, right-click on the item, and
select “Run as administrator” from the context menu. This opens a small window with white
text on a black background.
● Type the command “diskpart” and confirm your input with the enter key (you’ll also do
this after every other entered command). This starts the storage device manager.
● Enter the command “list disk” to display all available storage devices.
● You can recognize your USB by its storage capacity, and it’s usually listed as “disk 1”. In
the system partition, “disk 0” is usually your PC, so a hard drive or solid state drive in your
computer.
TOPIC 2: PREPARATION OF INSTALLER

● Based on the assumption that your USB has the label “disk 1”, enter the
command “sel disk 1” to select it (or the corresponding “disk 2”, etc.).
● Enter then command “clean” to delete all files from the USB.
● Enter the command “create partition primary” to create a main partition.
● Enter the command “list par” and select the newly created main partition
with “sel par 1”.
● Activate the partition with the command “active”.
TOPIC 2: PREPARATION OF INSTALLER
● Format the USB with the command “format fs=FAT32 label=“WINDOWSUSB”
quick override” (in place of “WINDOWS USB” you can also choose another label, so
long as it doesn’t contain any spaces or special characters. The drive will later be
displayed under this name if you plug into a running Windows computer). Formatting
may take a while. You can track its progress in the percentage bar.
● As soon as the process is finished, enter the command “assign” to automatically
assign a drive letter (for example “G:”) to your USB.
● Enter “exit” to close DiskPart, and then “exit” again to close the command prompt.

Note: To start the “Command Prompt” on your PC, simply enter “cmd” in the Windows
search bar. Don’t forget to right-click to run the application as an administrator
TOPIC 2: PREPARATION OF INSTALLER

This is how the commands in [Link] should look if you’ve done everything
correctly
To finish the process, you just have to copy the Windows ISO file to a bootable
USB stick. This is done with a basic drag-and-drop. If you’re using an installation
disc, you can also drag all setup files from there onto your drive (use the folder
options to display all of the hidden files first). That’s all possible in the command
prompt as well. For a source media with the drive letter “D:” and a USB drive with
the letter “G:”, the corresponding command would look as follows: “xcopy D:\*.*
G:\*.* /S /E /F” (all of the spaces are intentional).
TOPIC 2: PREPARATION OF INSTALLER

Bootable USB with Rufus

Rufus is widely considered to be the fastest and most reliable tool for the
creation of a bootable USB. It also supports UEFI (“Unified Extensible
Firmware Interface”), a new mainboard firmware that replaced the old BIOS
and can already be found on almost all newer computers. From Windows 8, it’s
also possible to install “Windows2Go” as a portable operating system on an
external storage device with Rufus.
TOPIC 2: PREPARATION OF INSTALLER
Operation of the tool is simple:
● Open the program with a double-click
● Select your USB drive in “Device”
● Select “Create a bootable disk using” and the option “ISO Image”
● Right-click on the CD-ROM symbol and select the ISO file
● Under “New volume label”, you can enter whatever name you like for your USB drive
● You’ll receive the warning “ALL DATA ON THIS DEVICE WILL BE DESTROYED”, which
you can confidently confirm with “OK”– at this point, you’ve ideally already saved any important files
from the USB drive
● Click on “Start”
● As soon as the green bar is full, click on “Finish”
● Eject your bootable USB drive with “Safely eject hardware
TOPIC 3: Operating System Installation
To do a clean installation of Windows, use these steps:
1. Start the device with Windows USB media.
2. On prompt, press any key to boot from the device.
3. On the "Windows Setup," click the Next button.

Quick tip: If your language, time and currency, and keyboard are different from the default selections,
make sure to select the correct settings before continuing.
 TOPIC 3: Operating System Installation
To do a clean installation of Windows, use these steps:

4. Click the Install now button.

If you're doing a reinstallation, click the I
don't have a product key option to continue
(assuming that your device was already
activated). Otherwise, in the case that this is
your first time installing Windows, enter the
product key.
 TOPIC 3: Operating System Installation
To do a clean installation of Windows, use these steps:

4. Click the Install now button.

If you're doing a reinstallation, click the I
don't have a product key option to continue
(assuming that your device was already
activated). Otherwise, in the case that this is
your first time installing Windows, enter the
product key.
TOPIC 3: Operating System Installation
To do a clean installation of Windows, use these steps:
4. Click the Install now button.

Click the Next button.

TOPIC 3: Operating System Installation
To do a clean installation of Windows, use these steps:
5. Select the edition of Windows (If applicable).

Quick note: This selection must match the edition that the product key activates. If you don't select the
correct edition, Windows won't activate, and you'll have to redo the entire process one more time.
TOPIC 3: Operating System Installation

To do a clean installation of Windows, use these steps:

6. Click the Next button.
7. Select the I accept the license terms option to continue.
8. Click the Next button.
9. Click the Custom: Install Windows only (Advanced) option to
continue with a clean installation.
TOPIC 3: Operating System Installation

To do a clean installation of Windows, use these steps:

Select the partition with the current installation (usually "Drive 0"), and click the
Delete button.

Quick tip: If "Drive 0" has multiple partitions, you have to select and delete each
partition to allow the setup to use the entire hard drive for the new clean
installation. The Windows setup will create the required partitions automatically
during the process. Also, it's not necessary to delete the partitions on secondary
drives.
TOPIC 3: Operating System Installation

To do a clean installation of Windows, use these steps:

10. Click the Yes button.
11. Select the empty drive (Drive 0 Unallocated Space).
12. Click the Next button.
Once you complete the steps, the setup will install a fresh copy of Windows on the
computer.
If you plan to decommission the device, you can stop now and let the new owner
complete the out-of-box experience. However, in the case that you're upgrading
your system, then continue with the instructions below.
TOPIC 3: Operating System Installation
Windows out-of-box experience
After the setup, you have to continue with the out-of-box experience to
configure your preferences and create a new account.
To complete the OOBE on Windows 10, use
these steps:

1. Select your Region option.

TOPIC 3: Operating System Installation
2. Click the Yes button.
3. Select your keyboard layout option
4. Click the Yes button.
5. Click the Skip button (unless you need to add a second keyboard layout).

Quick note: If you're not using a wired network connection, you'll have to sign
in to the wireless network.
TOPIC 3: Operating System Installation
6. Select the Set up for personal use
option.

7. Click the Next button.

8. Confirm your Microsoft account

information to create an account.
Quick note: The recommended process is to use a Microsoft
account. However, if you want to use a traditional local account,
you'll need to click the Offline account option from the bottom-left
corner and then continue with the on-screen directions.
TOPIC 3: Operating System Installation
9. Click the Next button.
10. Confirm your account password.