A.
The Concept of Agriculture
[Link] and domestic food situation production
centers
[Link] Population, Food Supply and
Agriculture
D. State of Philippine Agriculture
[Link] Concept of Crop Science
[Link] Production as a Science, Art and Business
Prepared by:
LIEZEL M. CARANTO
Instructor
All Life Depends on Plants
AGRICULTURE AND CROP
SCIENCE
[Link] Concept of Agriculture
Systematic raising of useful plants and
livestock under the management of man
Purposeful work through which the
elements of nature are harnessed to
produce plants and animals to meet
human needs
Broad industry engaged in the
production of plants and animals for
food and fiber, the provision for
agricultural supplies and services and
the processing, marketing and
distribution of agricultural products.
B. World and domestic food situation
production centers
The world population is expected to increase
by 2.6B over the next 45 year from 6.5B today
to 9.1B in 2050. Much of the increase will be
from developing countries
Great pressure is being placed on agricultural
lands, hence it is imperative to increase
current levels of food production to provide an
adequate supply of food to the increasing
population.
Must is not suitable for agriculture of the
world’s total land area. Arable land
comprises 10% of the total; permanent crops
are 1%, meadows and pastures 24%; forest
and woodland 31 %. The remaining 34% is
land surface that supports little or no
vegetation: Antarctica, dessert, mine sites,
urban areas.
Rapid population growth in most developing
countries had greatly reduced the arable
land.
C. Philippine Population, Food Supply and
Agriculture
In 2009, the Philippine population was 92.23 M
The annual population growth rate from 2000-
2007 is 2.04 %.
About 32% of the country’s total land area
constitutes the agricultural land.
At constant prices, the agriculture and fishery
sector had 3.23% growth in 2008. The average
annual rate of increase was 3.98% for the
period 2006 to 2008.
The share of agriculture in the gross
domestic product (GDP) in 2008 is 18%.
Presently, the increase in food supply is
about 2% per year which is just enough to
keep up with population increase. About
20% of this increase is the result of
expansion of new production areas. The
remaining 80% is due to technological
advances in production like improved
irrigation, crop protection, better cultivar,
improved crop nutrition, post- harvest
handling etc.
D. State of Philippine
Agriculture
Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act
(AFMA) or Republic Act 8435
Mandated the modernization of the
country’s agriculture sector
Signed into law in 1997
E. The Concept of Crop Science
Science- systematically accumulated and
tested knowledge
Plant- any organism belonging to the Kingdom
plant, typically lacking active locomotion
or obvious nervous system or sensory
organs and has photosynthetic ability.
Crop- domesticated/ cultivated plants grown
for profit. It usually connotes a group or
population of cultivated plants.
Crop Science- It is concerned with the
observation and classification of
knowledge concerning economically
cultivated crops and the
establishment of verifiable principles
regarding their growth and development for the
purpose of deriving the optimum benefit
from them.
It is divided into areas as follows:
[Link]- deals with the principles and
practices of managing field crops and soil
management.
b. Horticulture- deals with gardens and plants
within an enclosure.
It includes:
[Link] (Fruits)
2. OLERICULTURAL OR VEGETABLES
CROPS
3. Floriculture (Flowers)
4. Nursery management
5. Landscaping
[Link] (Fruits)
Classification of fruit crops depends
mainly on the growth habit of the plant on
which they are borne.
•FRUIT TREES- fruits borne on trees-
majority of the crops belong to this category.
Examples- mango, lanzones, durian, and
rambutan.
2. OLERICULTURAL OR VEGETABLES
CROPS
This consist of a broad range of crops.
They are classified according to similarities
in the methods of culture. In general, crops
belonging to one group have the same
cultural management and problems ; hence
the method of culture are similar.
•LEAFY VEGETABLES – crops grown
mainly for their leaves. Examples. Pechay,
mustard lettuce, celery, kangkong (swamp
cabbage ), kulitis (amaranth) and alugbati
(malabar spinach)
•COLE CROPS OR CRUCIFERS- crops with
swollen underground stems or roots.
Examples. Sweet potato, onion, garlic, carrot,
radish, potato and ginger.
•LEGUMES AND PULSES – crops
belonging to the legume family. Examples,
Bush sitao, cowpea, and snapbeans.
•SOLANACEOUS CROPS- crops
belonging to the solanaceous or nightshade
family (Solanaceae) whose economicaly
useful parts are the fruits. Examples, Sweet
pepper,tomato,and eggplant.
CUCURBITS
-crops belonging to the cucurbit family.
Examples. Squash, cucumber, watermelon,
ampalaya, upo, patola, and chayote.
F. Crop Production as a Science, Art and
Business
As a Science- Its science is derived from
the adoption of the basic sciences of
chemistry, mathematics, physics, and from
various applied like physiology,
meteorology, anatomy, plant breeding etc.
As an art- It requires skill to produce crops
even with little or no scientific training.
As a business- plants are not grown
simply to satisfy the needs of man but
to realize some profit in the process of
production.
Agricultural research in the Philippines has
been established through schools and
research centers, in both private and public
sector. These are:
[Link] Colleges and Universities offering
degrees in agriculture
2. Department of Agriculture Research
Networks
3. National Commodity Research
Centers
FIDA- Fiber Industry Development
Authority
NTA- National Tobacco Administration
PhilRice- Phillippine Rice Research
Institute
PCA- Philippine Coconut Authority
SRA- Sugar Regulatory Administration
PRCRTC- Philippine Rootcrops
Research and Training Center
NPRCRTC- Northern Philippines
Rootcrops Research and Training
Center
NARC- National Abaca Research
Centers
4. Specialized discipline- oriented
Research center
4. Specialized discipline- oriented research
center
IPB- Institute of Plant Breeding
NCPC- National Crop Protection Center
NPGRL- National Plant Genetic
Resources Laboratory
PHTRC- Postharvest Horticulture
Training are Research Center
BIOTECH- National Institutes of
Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
5. Private seed companies
East West
Monsanto
Pioner
Syngenta
Allied Botanicals
Major international research organization
mandated to do research and
development in crop species important to
food and agriculture include the following:
IRRI- International Rice Research
Institute (Philippines)
CIMMYT- Centro International de
Mejoramiente de Maize y Trigo (Mexico)
CIP- Centro International de Patatas
(Peru)
ICRISAT- International Center for
Semi Arid Tropics (India)
CIAT- Centro de International de
Agricultural Tropical (Colombia)
ICARDA- International Center for
Agricultural Research for Dry Areas
(Syria)
IITA- International Institute for Tropical
Agriculture (Nigeria)
ICRAF- International Center for
Research on Agroforestry (Kenya)
AVRDC – Asian Vegetable Research
and Development Center (Taiwan)
Biodiversity International- for
International Plant Genetic Resources
Institute (Italy)
