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Nephrone and Urine Formation

The document describes the structure and function of nephrons in filtering blood and forming urine. Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney and consist of a glomerulus and Bowman's capsule for filtration, tubules for reabsorption of water and nutrients, and collection ducts. Filtration occurs from blood in the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule. Most of the filtrate is reabsorbed in the tubules, while wastes like urea remain. Secretion also adds wastes to the tubules. The resulting urine consists of wastes and is stored in the bladder before leaving the body.

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Nurikamal Shaimerden
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137 views25 pages

Nephrone and Urine Formation

The document describes the structure and function of nephrons in filtering blood and forming urine. Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney and consist of a glomerulus and Bowman's capsule for filtration, tubules for reabsorption of water and nutrients, and collection ducts. Filtration occurs from blood in the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule. Most of the filtrate is reabsorbed in the tubules, while wastes like urea remain. Secretion also adds wastes to the tubules. The resulting urine consists of wastes and is stored in the bladder before leaving the body.

Uploaded by

Nurikamal Shaimerden
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Nephron

and
Urine formation
Lesson objectives
To describe nephron structure and function
To explain the mechanisms of filtration and
urine formation
Lets think!
Why does the analysis for bad habits
require urine test ?
Functions of the
kidneys
filters
blood
makes urine.
Nephrons
Each kidney
consists of
millions of
nephrons.
Nephrons are
the fundamental
units of the
kidney.
Nephron’s functions:
It filters blood to:
Regulate of water balance
Regulate of mineral, salts balance
Nephron structure
Glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
Convoluted tubules:
proximal and distal
A loop of Henle
Collecting duct
Steps of urine formation:
1) Filtration
2) Reabsorption
3) Secretion
Filtration
Filtration
Ittakes place in glomerulus and
Bowman’s capsule
A closer look to the glomerulus and
Bowman’s capsule
 Each glomerulus is formed by network of capillaries that is branch of renal
arteriole.
 Renal arteriole through which blood flows into glomerulus is called as afferent
arteriole.
 Arteriole through which blood leaves glomerulus is called as efferent arteriole.
 Glomerulus has only one cell thick walls with many pores, so some materials
can leave glomerulus and pass into Bowman’s capsule.
 Bowman’s capsule is cup-shaped structure that surround glomerulus. It has
very thin walls with only one cell-thick.

Afferent
arteriole

Efferent
arteriole
Filtration process
 Blood pass from afferent arteriole into
glomerulus.
 Glomerulus has high blood pressure
which forces small materials of
plasma, such as ions, urea, amino
acids, salts, glucose, water etc to pass
into Bowman’s capsule
 So blood is filtered through the filtrate
glomerulus, allowing small substances
to pass into Bowman’s capsule, but
large materials such as blood cells and
proteins remain in blood.
 The filtrate enters renal tubules is
called.
Reabsorption
Reabsorption
Ittakes place in renal tubules (convoluted
tubules: proximal and distal, loop of Henle,
collecting duct).
Renal tubules:
proximal tubule, loop
of Henle, distal tubule
are covered by
network of capillaries.
Process of reabsorption
As the filtrate flows
through the renal tubule ,
most of water and
nutrients are reabsorbed
into the blood.
Secretion
Secretion
 It takes place into
renal tubule.
 Substances
including H+,
potassium, uric
acid, ammonium,
toxic substances
enter the tubules
from blood.
 The concentrated
fluid that remains is
called urine.
What is Urine?
Urine is a liquid waste that is 95% water.
The remainder consists of:
Urea (majority) and uric acid
Ammonia
Hormones
Dead blood cells
Proteins, salts, and minerals
Various Toxins.
What happens to urine?
Urine flows into collecting
duct and then into ureters
that lead to urinary bladder.
Urinary bladder store urine
temporary.
Urine leaves bladder and
body through urethra.
5
1 2

4
Let’s do the activity on p. 55
Homework
Readp. 54-55
Answer to literacy questions on p 55.
New words

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