Investigation Click to edit Seminar Master subtitle style
Urine Pregnancy Test
By
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Dr. Ajay
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Objective
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Brief discussion of Urine Pregnancy Test & application
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Introduction
There
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are two types of pregnancy
tests, one uses a urine sample, the other a sample of blood.
Both
tests detect the presence of a called human chorionic
hormone
gonadotropin (hCG).
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This
hormone is produced by the
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placenta shortly after the embryo attaches to the uterine lining and builds up rapidly in body within the first few days of pregnancy.
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Principles
Urine
is added to the test kit and to migrate through the
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allowed
absorbent device.
The
labeled antibody-dye conjugate an antibody-antigen
binds to the hCG in the specimen forming complex.
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This
complex binds to the anti-hCG in the test zone and
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antibody
produces a purple color band when the hCG concentration is equal to or greater than 20 mIU/ml.
In
the absence of hCG, no band is
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formed in the test zone.
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Urine Collection and Storage
First
morning urine typically contains the highest concentration of hCG and is therefore the best sample for performing the urine test. However, any urine specimen may be used the urine specimen in a clean glass or plastic container. Preservatives are not used.
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Collect
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If
the specimen is not used immediately following collection, but is to be used within 48 hours it should be refrigerated (2 to 8 degrees C), and brought back to room temperature (l5 to 30 degrees C) before testing. specimen is not going to be used for more than 48 hours, it should be frozen at -20 degrees C.
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If
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Types
Test
Immunologic
Method
ELISA
Card
Test
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Card Test
Remove
the test cassette from the
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foil pouch just before use and place on clean dry surface.
Using
the disposable pink pipette,
dispense 3 drops of urine into the Round Sample Well.
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Holding
the strip vertically, carefully
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dip it into the specimen
Immerse
the strip into the urine
sample with the arrow end pointing towards the urine.
Do
not immerse past the MAX Line
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(Marker Line). Take the strip out after 3 seconds.
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Wait
for colored bands to appear,
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depending on the concentration of hCG in the test specimen, positive results may be observed in as little as 40 seconds
Interpret
test results at 3 to 5
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minutes. Do not interpret test results after 5 minutes
Interpretation of Results
NEGATIVE:
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If there is only one purple color band in the result window, this indicates that the specimen does not contain a detectable level of hCG and should be interpreted as a negative result If there are two purple color bands in the result window, this indicates that the specimen contains hCG and should be interpreted as
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POSITIVE:
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INVALID: If there is no purple color bands in the result window, the test result is invalid. The control band will not appear if an insufficient volume of specimen is added into the test kit. RESULT: If blood or protein is present in your urine. And certaindrugs, such as tranquilizers, anti-convulsants, or hypnotics, may also cause false-positive results.
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FALSE-POSITIVE
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[Link]
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ELISA method
Urine
sample is passes through solid support which having Anti hCG antibodies if present in test urine competes with hCG enzyme conjugate for binding to the antibody preventing the attachment of enzyme to the solid support. normal urine end point will be colorless and for pregnancy urine
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hCG
For
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Immunologic Test
Patent
urine one drop is mixed with
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one drop of antiserum.
Latex If
particles are added in this contain hCG , Anti
test urine
serum react with hCG which cause Agglutination
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Expected Normal Values
Urine
hCG levels during pregnancy are estimated to be 1. 10-30 mIU/ml 7-10 days post conception. 2. 37,000-50,000 mIU/ml 8-11 weeks after last menstrual period. 3. <5 mIU/ml Healthy men or nonpregnant women.
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Sensitivity
The
Urine Pregnancy Test will detect hCG in urine at concentrations of 20 mlU/ml or greater. sensitivity level has been confirmed with interval hCG standards in urine, calibrated against the World Health Organization First International Standard.
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This
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Storage of Kits
Store
at room temperature (15oUrine Pregancy Test Urine Pregancy Test
30oC) out of direct sunlight.
The
kits come with long expiration
dates.
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Advantages
The 1. 2. 3.
Advantagesover a blood test
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Less expensive than a blood test Takes Short to get result Can be done in home.
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Disadvantages
Disadvantagesover 1.
2.
blood test It take more time to detect a pregnancy, which is less in blood test, earlier than a urine test at about3-10 days from possible conception Cant measure the concentration of hCG hormone blood (which is useful information in tracking certain problems in pregnancy)
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Limitations
Urine
hCG Pregnancy Test is for in
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vitro diagnostic use only.
normal pregnancy cannot be
distinguished from an ectopic pregnancy based only on hCG levels
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A
negative result obtained from a urine specimen collected from a mother in very early pregnancy may be due to an extremely low concentration of hCG. a urine sample is too dilute (i.e. low specific gravity), it may not contain a representative urinary hCG concentration leads to negative
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If
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Summary
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Types,
Procedure,
Advantage,
Disadvantage, Limitations of UPT
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Conclusion
Urine
Pregnancy test is mainly based
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on hCG hormone
It
is non invasive, confirmatory, cost
effective test for detection of pregnancy.
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THANK YOU
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