Pronunciation
Content 1:consonant + vowel (catenation)
Liaison 1
Read the following sentences pronuncing correctly
-ed and using catenation.
1. It was raining outside when Sam got out of bed and looked out of the window.
2. He picked up his phone and sent a text to his friend James: 'No football today.
How about going to the cinema?’
3. While he was waiting for a reply, Sam brushed his teeth, had a shower and got
dressed.
4. After he finished getting ready, he checked his phone and saw that James had
replied.
5. James said he wanted to play football anyway and he didn't care about the
rain.
6. Sam changed his mind and decided he wanted to play too and
left the house to join James in the park.
7. While he was walking to the park, James met two of his other
friends and invited them along.
8. When they all arrived, they saw that James had found some
other kids to play with, and they had enough people for a full
match.
9. While they were playing football, it stopped raining anyway and
Sam was really happy he hadn't gone to the cinema.
10. After the game, Sam went home. On the way, he stopped at a
shop to buy something for his lunch.
P4M1 Read the following story.
Use correct -ed pronunciation and catenation
I want to tell my story. One day I was at home having coffee.
My mom had taken coffee already, but she decided to sit next
to me and talk about anything. At that moment, my aunt
arrived home. We greeted her very happily; she came into the
house, and suddenly, as she was walking toward the sofa in the
living room, she fell very horribly. My mom had mopped the
floor and it was very smooth. It was not a serious accident, but
it was very embarrassing for her and us. In the end, we
apologized to her.
Content 2: Linking two vowels: V+ V
( Intrusion)
( adding extra sound) Liaison 2
• If a word ends in a vowel and the next word begin with another
vowel, go from one vowel right into the other without stopping
your voice. Words that end with sounds /oʊ/ or /uː/, insert the
sound /w/
• Words that end with sounds /aɪ/, /iː/ o /ɛ/, insert the sound /j/ to
link the another vowel sound.
go out
the answer
new umbrella
Words that end with sounds /ɔ/ and the next
word start with a /ə/ add /r/
• Can you draw a circle freehand?
• I saw a movie –> I saw ra movie.
• Law and order –> Law rand order.
• Victoria and Albert museum –> Victoria rand Albert museum.
Ex.1 Mark the linking sounds using a /w/
sound
• 1. You know it’s Brian’s birthday.
• 2. Oh, I forgot all about it.
• 3. What about a new umbrella?
• 4. He should just throw it away.
• 5. It won’t be too expensive.
• 6. How about Thursday?
• 7. He has an interview on Friday.
• 8. Yeah, let’s do it Saturday.
• 9. You arrange the party.
Ex.2 Mark the linking sounds using a /j/
sound.
• 1. It’s Brian’s birthday on Thursday?
• 2. We should buy him a present.
• 3. We really ought to have a party or something for
him.
• 4. Do you have any idea?
• 5. If we pay about $20, we could get him something
nice.
• 6. I hurt my arm playing volleyball.
P4M2 Practice at home by linking the
vowels sound using intrusion
Content 3: Linking words together: consonant +
consonant ( same consonants or GEMINATION)
Liaison 3
Gas station
1 2
right turn
one nothing
black car
enough food
bad dream
more rice
let’s sit
same man
Exceptions:
• The rule gets a little complicated when we bring in
Stop Consonants. The six stop consonants are:
• /t/, /d/, /p/, /b/, /k/, and /g/.
• Hot today
• Bad dog
Ex 3. Draw up sentences by using the pair of words then say
them orally in front of the class using the same consonant
sound.
• 1. phone‿number
• 2. cancer‿research
• 3. feel‿like
• 4. enough‿for
• 5. everyone‿knows
• 6. science‿center
• 7. enormous‿success
• 8. with‿therapy
Content 4: Linking words together: consonant
+ consonant (Assimilation) Liaison 4
• This often happens in connected speech, especially
when the consonants /t/, /d/, and /n/ are followed
by the sounds /m/, /b/, /p/, /g/, or /k/.
• clean – I have to clean my apartment.
• need – We need more milk.
• don’t – Don’t believe it.
• own – She has her own car.
TYPE OF ASSIMLATIONS
1. / t / changes to / p / before / m / / b / or / p /
2. / d / changes to / b / before / m / / b / or / p /
3. / n / changes to / m / before / m / / b / or / p /
4. / t / changes to / k / before / k / or /g/
5. / d / changes to / g / before / k / or / g /
6. / n / changes to /ŋ/ before / k / or / g /
Partial Assimilation and Total Assimilation
• ten bikes: /tem baiks/ In this case, the assimilation
has been partial: the /n/ sound has fallen under the
influence of the following /b/, and has adopted its
bilabiality, becoming /m/.
• The assimilation is total in ten mice /tem mais/,
where the /n/ sound is now identical with the /m/
which influenced it."
Repeat these phrases. Notice the change in the pronunciation of
the consonant at the end of the first word.
[Link] Monday 6. loud bang 11. credit card
[Link] people 7. quite boring 12. green car
3. met Bob 8. brown bag 13. in Canada
4. went back 9. television program 14. ran quickly
5. seven million 10. broken mirror 15. Felt bad
Content 5 : Linking words that change sound.
Liaison 5
• Sometimes two consonant sounds can be
pronounced together as one different sound. This
often happens in relaxed conversation when the
consonant /t/, /d/, /s/, or /z/ at the end of a word is
followed by /y/ at the beginning of the next word
(especially in you or your).
• 1. /t/ + /y/: /ʧ/ (church)
• 2. /z/ + /y/: /ʒ/ (casual)
• 3. /s/ +/y/:/ʃ/ (short)
• 4. /d/ + / y/: /ʤ/ (judge)
P4M3 Try to do it!
• Nice to meet you
• Don’t you want a dog?
• Would you like some tea?
• But you don’t have to work on it!
• It's just you
• Don’t forget /ʧ/ your passport.
LISTEN and
REPEAT • You’ll miss /ʃ/ your train.
• You won’t need /ʤ/ your jacket.
• Don’t lose /ʒ/ your camera.
De-emphasizing structure words: reduced “H”
P4M4 Analyze an English Song lyrics
by STARSHIP. Recognize liaison forms
Looking in your eyes I see a paradise
This world that I've found is too good to be true 1
Standing here beside you, want so much to give you
This love in my heart that I'm feeling for you
Let them say we're crazy, I don't care about that
Put your hand in my hand baby don't ever look back 2
Let the world around us just fall apart
Baby we can make it if we're heart to heart
3 4
And we can build this thing I'm so glad I found you, I'm not going
together to lose you
Standing strong forever Whatever it takes I will stay here with
Nothing is going to stop us now you
And if this world runs out of lovers Take it to the good times, see it through
We'll still have each other the bad times
Nothing is going to stop us Whatever it takes here's what I'm going
to do…
Nothing is going to stop us now
Assignment
Do P4M activities.
