Communication Skills
Lecture# 3
Instructor: Sadia Kanwal
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION HAS TWO TYPES:
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
NON- VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Verbal Communication
It takes place in the form of words either written
or spoken.
The main reasons for communicating orally are:
To have a discussion
To receive instant feedback from your
audience
To be able to judge your audience reaction
Fastest speed
Verbal Communication
The main reasons for communicating in writing are:
To retain a permanent record
To provide a basis for discussion
To clarify a complex subject
To send the same message to a number of people
To be able to think carefully about what you want
to say.
Oral Forms
Face to face conversations
Telephonic conversation
Meetings
Seminars
Instructions
Presentations
Group discussions
Interviews, video and voice conferences
Witten Forms
• Memos
• Letters
• E-mails
• Faxes
• Notices
• Newsletters
• Reports
• Research proposals and manuals
Non- Verbal Communication
It is communication of feelings, emotions, attitudes, and thoughts
through body movements/gestures/eye contact.
The components of non- verbal communication are:
Kinesics (Facial expressions, postures and gestures)
Oculesics(Role of eye contact, eye behaviour, gaze)
Haptics (Handshakes, holding hands, high five, shoulder pat, back
slap)Each of these give off nonverbal messages as to the touching
person’s feelings.
Non- Verbal Communication
Proximics: A theory of nonverbal communication
that explains how people perceive and use space to
achieve communication goals. It is the study of space
and how we use it, how it makes us feel more or less
comfortable, and how we arrange objects and
ourselves in relation to space.
1. Intimate space 3 Personal space
2. Social space 4. Public space
FOUR ZONES IN SOCIAL SITUATION
Chronemics: It is the study of the use of time in
nonverbal communication. Time perceptions include
punctuality, willingness to wait, and interactions. The
use of time can affect lifestyles, daily agendas, speed
of speech, movements and how long people are willing
to listen.
Paralinguistics: It is the study of variations in pitch,
speed, volume, and pauses to convey meaning.
Interestingly, when the speaker is making a presentation
and is looking for a response, he will pause. However,
when no response is desired, he will speak faster with
minimal pauses.
Physical Appearance: Your physical appearance always
contributes towards how people perceive you. Neatly
combed hair, ironed clothes, and a lively smile will
always carry more weight than words.
Task#1 Find the difference between General
communication and Technical communication
Secondary Levels of Communication
Human communication also takes place at various secondary
levels:
Extra-personal
Personal/Intra-personal communication
Interpersonal Communication
Organizational Communication
Mass Communication
Social Communication
Group Communication
Extra-Personal Communication
Communication between human beings and non-
human entities is called as extra personal
communication. For e.g., your parrot responding your
greeting. In this type of communication understanding
is required between sender and receiver. Receiver
responds in sign language .
Intrapersonal Communication
This takes place within the individual. Sender = our relevant
organ.
Receiver = our brain. (Through process of thinking and
feeling)
Feed back by brain.
Communication at this level refers to the sharing of
information among people. It can be formal or informal. For
e.g., the interaction with family members, friends and
different kind of people. It depends upon variety of factors
like, psychology of two parties, relation between them.
Interpersonal Communication
It is an interaction between two persons, a small
group or on one-to-one basis. The advantage of
interacting with fewer people makes it possible for
people to open-up and discuss matter to one
another conveniences.
Staff meetings, briefings about work to be carried
out, feedback, and customer relations are examples
of this type of communication.
Organizational Communication
Communication in an organization takes place at different
hierarchical levels.
It can be divided into mainly two levels:
Internal Operational
All communication that occurs in organization is classified as
internal operational...
External Operational
Work related communication with people outside the organization is
called extra operational.
Personal :All communication in an organization without purpose is
called personal communication.
Mass communication
Communication through mass media like books, journals, TV, newspapers etc.
For this kind of communication, we require a mediator to transmit
information.
Characteristics
Large reach
This communication reach audience scattered over a wide geographical area.
Impersonality
Largely impersonal as the participants are unknown to each other.
Presence of a gatekeeper: Mass communication needs additional persons,
institutions to convey message from sender to receiver .
Social Communication
Social communication occurs when people interact
with one another in groups outside the organization,
converse and share ideas in social gatherings and
generally exchange pleasantries
Group Communication
Group communication occurs when meetings are
held for face- to-face discussions on issues that
affect the working lives of employees. The group
works towards common goals and follows the
norms that govern its functioning.
Communication Principles & Barriers
Task:4
What are 7 Cs of effective communication?
What are the barriers to communication?
Design at least five well-structured questions of
your choice to ask from your fellows.
7 Cs of Communication
Completeness
Conciseness
Consideration
Correctness
Clarity
Courtesy
Concreteness
BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS NOISE?
CLASSIFICATION OF BARRIERS
Intrapersonal Barriers
Interpersonal Barriers
Organizational Barriers
Intrapersonal Barriers
Wrong assumptions(SOS)
Varied perceptions
Differing background
Wrong inferences
Impervious/ unreceptive Categories
Categorical Thinking Pansophists
Interpersonal Barriers
Limited Vocabulary
Incongruity/absurdity of verbal and non-verbal
messages
Emotional outburst
Communication Selectivity
Cultural Variations
Poor Listening Skills
Noise in the channel
Organizational Barriers
Too many transfer stations
Fear of superiors
Negative Tendencies
Use of inappropriate Media
Information overload
Conclusion
