Module 1: Networking Today

Instructor Materials

Introduction to Networks v7.0

(ITN)
Module Objectives

Module Objective: Explain the advances in modern technologies.

Topic Title Topic Objective
Networks Affect our Lives Explain how networks affect our daily lives.
Network Components Explain how host and network devices are used.
Network Representations and Topologies Explain network representations and how they are used in network topologies.
Common Types of Networks Compare the characteristics of common types of networks.
Internet Connections Explain how LANs and WANs interconnect to the internet.
Reliable Networks Describe the four basic requirements of a reliable network.

Network Trends Explain how trends such as BYOD, online collaboration, video, and cloud computing
are changing the way we interact.
Network Security Identify some basic security threats and solution for all networks.

The IT Professional Explain employment opportunities in the networking field.

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Network Representations and Topologies
Network Representations Destination

Network
Diagrams
Often Called
Topology Source Important terms to know
Diagrams include:
• Network Interface Card
(NIC)
• Physical Port
• Interface

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 Network Representations and Topologies
Router examines the @IP
Network Representations

IP : Internet Protocol
SW examines the @MAC
Medium Access Control:

Physical Logical
MAC

Address Address

Router IP address-@IP
Mac address-
Switcher
@MAC
Access Point and
Hub
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Network Components
Host Roles Every Computer on a network is called a
host or end Device.
Servers are computers that provide
information to end devices:
• email servers
• web servers
• file server
Client Servers
Clients are computers that send
requests to the servers to retrieve Server Description
information: Type
Email Email server runs email server software.
Clients use client software to access email.
Email from an email server Web Web server runs web server software.
Clients use browser software to access web pages.

Web page from a web File File server stores corporate and user files.
server The client devices access these files.
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Network Representations and Topologies
Network Representations

End-Devices

Intermediary
devices

Network Media
3 types of Media

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Network Components
End Devices
An end device is where a message originates from or where it is received. Data originates with an
end device, flows through the network, and arrives at an end device.
WLAN- Wireless Local Area Network LAN-Local Area Network

Routing Routing : selects the best

path between Source and
Destination

Vlan: Virtual LAN-Local Area Network

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Network Representations and Topologies
Topology Diagrams
Logical Topology
Physical Topology

Logical topology diagrams illustrate devices,

Physical topology diagrams illustrate the
ports, and the addressing scheme of the
physical location of intermediary
network.
devices and cable installation.
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Network Components
Peer-to-Peer Topology
It is possible to have a device be a
client and a server in a Peer-to-Peer
Network. This type of network design is
only recommended for very small
networks.

Advantages Disadvantages
Easy to set up No centralized administration
Less complex Not as secure-
Lower cost Not scalable-‫غير قابل للتطوير‬

Used for simple tasks: transferring files and sharing Slower performance-‫أداء أبطأ‬
printers

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Network Components
Network Media
Communication across a network is carried through a medium which allows a message to
travel from source to destination.

Media Types Description

Copper
Metal wires within cables Uses electrical impulses

Glass or plastic fibers Uses pulses of light.

within cables (fiber-optic Fiber Optic
cable)

Wireless transmission Uses modulation of

specific frequencies of Wireless
electromagnetic waves.

ACCESS Point-AP
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Common Types of Networks
Networks of Many Sizes
1 • Small Home Networks – connect a few
computers to each other and the Internet

2 • Small Office/Home Office – enables

computer within a home or remote office
to connect to a corporate network
Small Home SOHO 3 • Medium to Large Networks – many
locations with hundreds or thousands of
interconnected computers

4 • World Wide Networks – connects

hundreds of millions of computers world-
wide – such as the internet

Medium/Large World Wide

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Common Types of Networks
LANs and WANs

Two most common types of networks:

• Local Area Network (LAN)
• Wide Area Network (WAN).

Network infrastructures vary

greatly in terms of:
 Size of the area covered
 Number of users connected
 Number and types of
services available

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Common Types of Networks Toll
The Internet Network
The internet is a worldwide collection of
interconnected LANs and WANs.
• LANs are connected to each other using
WANs.
• WANs may use copper wires, fiber optic Cloud
cables, and wireless transmissions.
The internet is not owned(‫ )مملوًك ا‬by any
individual or group.
The following groups were developed to
help maintain structure on the internet: IAB: Internet Architecture Board
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
ICANN- Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
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Internet Connections
Home and Small Office Internet Connections
Connectio Description
n
Cable high bandwidth, always on, internet
offered by cable television service
providers.

DSL high bandwidth, always on, internet

connection that runs over a
telephone line.
Cellular uses a cell phone network to
connect to the internet.

Satellite major benefit to rural areas without

Internet Service Providers.
Dial-up an inexpensive, low bandwidth
telephone option using a modem.

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Common Types of Networks
Intranets and Extranets
Internet

Extranet

Intranet

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Internet Connections
Businesses Internet Connections
Corporate business connections may Type of Description
Connectio
require:
n
• higher bandwidth Dedicated These are reserved circuits within
• dedicated connections Leased Line the service provider’s network that
connect distant offices with private
• managed services voice and/or data networking.

Ethernet This extends LAN access technology

WAN into the WAN.

DSL Business DSL is available in various

formats including Symmetric Digital
Subscriber Lines (SDSL).

Satellite This can provide a connection when

a wired solution is not available.
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Internet Connections
The Converging Network

Before converged networks, an

organization would have been
separately cabled for telephone, video,
and data. Each of these networks
would use different technologies to
carry the signal.
Each of these technologies would use a
different set of rules and standards.

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Internet Connections
The Converging Network (Cont.)
Converged data networks carry
multiple services on one link including:
• data
• voice
• video
Converged networks can deliver data,
voice, and video over the same
network infrastructure. The network
infrastructure uses the same set of
rules and standards.

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Skills

The following chapter will enable students to following tasks :

a. All computers that are connected to a network and participate directly in network
communication are classified as hosts.
b. Diagrams of networks often use symbols to represent the different devices and
connections that make up a network.
c. A diagram provides an easy way to understand how devices connect in a large
network.
d. The two types of network infrastructures are Local Area Networks (LANs), and
Wide Area Networks (WANs).
e. SOHO internet connections include cable, DSL, Cellular, Satellite, and Dial-up
telephone.
f. Business internet connections include Dedicated Leased Line, Metro Ethernet,
Business DSL, and Satellite.
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