THE RULE OF THIRDS

• The surface with two equally spaced vertical lines and two equally spaced
horizontal lines.
• These lines divide the picture plane into nine equal parts with four
intersecting points.
• Based on studies, placing an object in one of the intersecting points results in
a pleasing composition.
• Balance is achieved by placing another object at the point opposite the first
one.
The major function of the Rule of Thirds is to serve as a guide for visual
artists on the proper placement of their subjects on the picture plane to achieve
a more interesting composition. Placing the subject at the center does not
provide enough interest for viewers to be able to appreciate the work.
 THE SEVEN DA VINCIAN PRINCIPLES
Leonardo da Vinci was more than an artist.
He was also an architect, scientist, inventor,
anatomist, geologist, historian, and writer.
Through the centuries, Da Vinci influenced
various areas in many disciplines. Based on
the research conducted by Michael J. Gleb
(born 1952), specifically, in his book "How
to Think like Leonardo da Vinci" (1998), da
Vinci's genius was based on 7 principles
which he called the seven da Vincian
 THE SEVEN DA VINCIAN PRINCIPLES
1. Curiosita is approaching life with a heightened level of wonder and a
continuous search to know and learn more.
2. Dimostrazione is the commitment to test knowledge and to persist in
this task, which includes experiencing both success and failure in the
undertaking.
3. Sensazione is experiencing life through the refinement of the senses.
4. Sfumato literally translates to "going up in smoke". It is accepting life's
paradoxes and uncertainties.
5. Arte/Scienza is finding a balance between art and science or logic and
imagination.
6. Corporalita is taking care of one's body. Ensuring that healthy habits
are practiced and sustained. A sound mind is usually the product of a
sound body and vice versa.
7. Connessione is realizing that all things are interconnected. It is
discovering patterns in the way things work and how things and lives
work out. Interconnectedness is seeing how events in the past led to the
present state of affairs. A closer study of history would make one realize
how events in the past explain the present.
 UNIT 5
ART HISTORY
 LESSON 1
The beginning of art
Art history is a timeline of the vast accumulation of movements, periods, and
styles that reflect the time during which each piece of art was made. It begins
around 44,000 years ago with the first known cave paintings in Sulawesi, Indonesia
that predate writing in the journey of the human race. Art is a significant aspect of
history since it is one of the few things to survive. It can tell us stories, express the
conditions and beliefs of an era, and let us connect to the people who lived ahead of
us. Upon exploration of art from Prehistoric to Contemporary times, people of the
present day can see how art influences the future and conveys the past.
 WESTERN ASIA ART
Prehistoric and ancient art
Prehistoric and ancient art was around 44,000 B.C.E. to 400 BCE. It
can be considered as the art period that includes cave paintings, fertility
statues, and bone flutes to approximately the end of the Roman empire.
Pre-historic Art
Prehistoric cave art in Sulawesi, Indonesia was discovered in the
1950's. This art is of indigenous mammals; a small water buffalo, a warty
pig, and a pig-deer, and hand stencils.
Cave Paintings
Seventeen thousand years ago, humans painted on the walls of the caves of Lascaux, in France
the realistic images of bison, bulls, horses, stags, and other animals. They made stencils of their
hands, too. There were also several cave art found in Europe. These cave paintings from
Indonesia and Europe have similar characteristics which appear to be prevalent in prehistoric
times.

Lascaux, France Sulawesi, Indonesia

Venus of Willendrof, Austria Stonechenge, Northern England
ANCIENT ART
The ancient Art period includes the works found in classical civilizations like the Greeks and Celts as well as that of the early Chinese dynasties.

Babylonian king Hammurabi and the Pyramids of Giza

deity Shamash
Parthenon Coloseum
The artwork of this time is as varying as the cultures that created it. What
relates them together is their purpose. Most of the time, art was made to narrate
stories in a time when oral tradition predominates. Art was also utilized to
decorate utilitarian objects like bowls, pitchers, and weapons. At times, it was
also used to show the status of its owner, a concept that art has used since time
immemorial.
 ASIAN ART
Hindu Art
This Art reflects the plurality of beliefs, Hindu
Temples, which depict their architecture and where
sculptures are found, typically are devoted to
different deities. Hindu Art is portrayed by holy
symbols like the Om, an invocation of the divine
consciousness of God; the swastika, a symbol of
auspiciousness; and the lotus flower, a symbol of
purity, beauty, fertility, and transcendence. It is Swastika symbol
believed that the Christian "Amen" and Islamic
Chinese Art
This art evolved through its history. As
political and social circumstances changed and
new technologies developed, so did its art.
Chinese artistic styles are classified according to
the dynasty under which they were produced. The
important qualities include a love of nature, a
credence in the moral and educative capacity of
art, an appreciation of simplicity, a gratitude for
accomplished brushwork, an interest in viewing Wintry Forest, Li Cheng
the subject from various perspectives, and a
loyalty to much-used motifs and designs from
Japanese Art
Japanese art covers a wide
range of art styles and media,
including ancient pottery, calligraphy
on silk and paper, ink painting,
kirigami, origami, dorodango
sculpture, and, ukiyo-e paintings and
woodblock prints, and more recently
Cherry Blossoms at Arashiyama, Hirosge
manga, modern method of Japanese
cartooning and comics.
Byzantine art is about religious
expression and more specifically about
church doctrine translated into aesthetic
forms.
Byzantine forms of architecture and
painting was based on religious concerns The Hagia Sophia, Islamic Art
which made art uniform, anonymous, and
perfected within this austere tradition.
The result was a sophistication of style
and a spirituality of expression that rarely
compares with the art of Western
tradition. The Virgin of Vladimir, Rublev
 MEDIEVAL
Medieval European art saw a transition from
ART
the Byzantine period to the Early Christian
period. Within that, from about 300 to 900, we Madonna and the
Child, Duccio
also saw Migration Period Art as Germanic
people migrated across the continent. This
Barbarian art was outboard by necessity and
more of it was understandably lost. As the
millennium passed, more and more Christian
and Catholic art appeared. The period centered The Notre Dame
around elaborate churches and artwork to adorn Cathedral
this architecture. It also saw the rise of Gothic
and Romanesque styles of art and architecture.
 EARLY TO HIGH RENAISSANCE
This movement covers the period from 1400
through 11500. Renaissance literally means Monalisa,
rebirth and describes the resurgence of curiosity Da Vinci
in the artistic achievements of Greece and
Rome. Most known paintings emerged from this
period. Many of the notable art created during
the Renaissance was Italian. The famous 15th-
century artists like Brunelleschi and Donatello
paved the way for the work of Botticelli and
Alberti. David, Botticelli
When the high Renaissance took over in the
next century, the work of Da Vinci,
VENETIAN AND NORTHERN RENAISSANCE
In 1430-1550, a period of Northern
Renaissance was famous due to advanced
techniques in oil painting, realistic, vivid Allendale Nativity,
altarpiece art, wooden panel paintings, Giorgione
woodcuts, and printmaking. Stone sculpture
was not extremely popular, but the Germans
boosted their wood carving techniques. Dutch
art was governed by an empirical perspective. Portrait in a
Dutch aimed to get to the basics, capturing Young Man in
every single detail. The painters learned from Red, Bellini
direct observation and their knowledge of the
consistency of things.
 MANNERISM
Mannerism (1527-1580) introduced a
highly imaginative period in art after
the climax of excellence that
naturalistic painting had attained in
Renaissance Italy.
Mannerist artwork seeks instability
and restlessness with a fondness for Venus, Cupid Folly and Time, Bronzino
allegories that have lascivious
undertones.
 BAROQUE ART
The word baroque means something that is
elaborate and highly detailed. Baroque style
(1600-1750) is characterized by exaggerated
motion and clear detail used to produce drama,
exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting,
architecture, literature, dance, and music.
The Chiaroscuro technique is a trait of Baroque
Art in which the treatment of light and dark in an The Calling of St. Matthew, Caravaggio
artwork assisted in creating dramatic tension,
which was a key component in Baroque
artwork.
 NEOCLASSICAL
The Neoclassical Period is considered a
period of enlightenment. The movement
started in Europe in the 1700s and spread
into the colonies. The focus of this was on
government, ethics, and science which
varies from the previous period that
focused on religion, imagination, and
emotions. Neoclassical art has a cleaner
style, sculpted forms, a shallow depth of
background, and a more realistic approach.
 ROMANTICISM
Romanticism (1750-1850) rapidly spread all
over Europe and the United States from the
end of the 18th century to the 19th.
Romantic art concentrated on emotions,
feelings, and moods to challenge the rational
ideal held so tightly during the Enlightenment.
The artists emphasized that sense and
emotions - not simply reason and order - were
equally important means of understanding and Fisherman at Sea, Turner
experiencing the world.