Fans and Blowers
Prepared by: Engr. Orik Niko Santos
Topic Learning Outcomes
• Explain the function of Fans and Blowers
• Recognize the parts and components of a Fans
and Blowers
• To be familiar with the different types of Fans
and Blowers.
• To solve engineering problems involving Fans
and Blowers
Fans and Blowers
Image Source: https://blauberg-motoren.com/
Fans and Blowers
A Fan is a machine used to apply power to a gas to
increase its energy content thereby causing it to
flow or move.
A Blower is a fan used to force air under pressure,
that is, the resistance to gas flow is imposed
primarily upon the discharge.
Fans and Blowers
Types of Fan
1. Propeller Fan
2. Tube axial Fan
3. Vane axial Fan
4. Centrifugal Fan
Propeller Fan
Propeller Fan consists of a
propeller or disk type wheel
within a mounting ring or
plate and including driving
mechanism supports either
for belt drive or direct
connection.
Image Source: https://ivi-air.com
Tubeaxial Fan
Tubeaxial fan consists of a
propeller or disk type wheel
within a cylinder and
including driving mechanism
supports either for belt drive
or direct connection.
Image Source: www.industrialfansdirect.com
Vaneaxial Fan
Vaneaxial fan consists of a
disk type wheel within a
cylinder, a set of air guide
vanes located either before or
after the wheel and including
driving mechanism support
either for belt drive or direct
connection
Image Source: www.industrialfansdirect.com
Types of Fans
Image Source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Types-of-Axial-Fans-1-3_fig2_332606723
Centrifugal Fan
Centrifugal Fan, most of the
time considered as blowers,
consists of a fan rotor or
wheel within a scroll type of
housing and including driving
mechanism supports either
for belt drive or direct
connection.
Image Source: www. blaubergventilatoren.de/
Fans and Blowers
Difference of Axial fans and Centrifugal Fans
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiNuDNdGxSg
In general:
Axial Fans: Low Pressure/High Volume
Centrifugal Fans: High Pressure/Low Volume
Head
Note: In fan computations, “head” is sometimes called
as “pressure”.
Ex.
Head
“If the given is called pressure but the unit is a unit of
Length followed by the name of the substance; It is
considered as “Head”.
Ex. … etc.
Total Head,
The total head of the fan is the total energy
given/imparted by the fan to the gas.
Total Head,
Note: For head evaluation:
• For Elevation Head;
• is positive if the reference point is above the datum line.
• is negative if the reference point is below the datum line.
• is zero if the reference point is along the datum line.
Total Head,
Note: For head evaluation:
• For Velocity and Pressure Head;
• not equal to zero if the reference point is inside a PIPE or a
DUCT.
• is approximately equal to zero if the reference point is
placed in a reservoir.
• is equal to zero if the fluid is springing free to the
atmosphere.
Total Head,
For Fan analysis, the inlet and outlet are assumed to be on the
SAME level, Therefore;
Also, unless specified, assume head loss to be equal to zero.
Total Head,
When computing for the value of head, their units must be
compatible before solving them. (This means that they should
have the same length unit and Fluid name)
Ex.
The units of head depends on the fluid they are carrying.
Total Head,
In order for units to be compatible, we can convert them from
one unit to another. Just remember the relationship of head and
density.
Ex.
Work of the fan,
This is generally the power output of the fan;
Again, In order to solve for the work of the fan, the specific
weight and the total head must be compatible.
Efficiency of the fan,
This is the ratio of the power output of the fan to the power
input to the fan.
Where:
Static fan Efficiency,
The static efficiency of a fan is the mechanical efficiency
multiplied by the ratio of the static pressure to the total
pressure.
Affinity Laws for fans
1 2 3
3 2 5
0 1 1
Examples
1. What horsepower is supplied to air moving at 20 fpm through
a 2 x 3 ft duct under a pressure of 3 in water gage?
Examples
Examples
Examples
2. Air is flowing in a duct with velocity of 7.63 m/s and a static
pressure of 2.16 cm water gage. The duct diameter is 1.22 mm,
the barometric pressure is 99.4 kPa and the gauge fluid
temperature and air temperature are 30 . What is the total
pressure of air against which the fan will operate in cm of water.
Also, Find the Work of the fan and the size of the motor for a fan
efficiency of 60%.
Examples
Examples
Examples
3. The mechanical efficiency and static pressure of a fan are
44.3% and 20 m of air respectively. What is the static efficiency
of the fan if the total pressure created by the fan is 0.03 m of
water. Assume air pressure and temperature as 101.325 kPa and
21.2 .
Examples
Examples
4. A fan delivers 4.7 at a static pressure of 5.08 cm of water when
operating at a speed of 400 rpm. The power input required is
2.963 kW. If 7.05 are desired in the same fan and installation,
find the pressure in m of air.
Examples
References
Industrial Plant Engineering (R.S. Capote, 2007)
